He taputapu whatu te wehewehe muka whatu e wehewehe ana i te tohu whatu kotahi kia maha ngā tohu. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā whatunga muka whatu, ā, ka āwhina i te tohatoha i te aho muka kotahi ki ngā kaiwhakamahi maha. He maha ngā momo wehewehe muka whatu, pērā i te porowhita marama papatahi (PLC) me te taper biconical fused (FBT), he pai ia momo. Hei tauira, he pai ngā wehewehe PLC mō ngā whatunga nui, ā, he pai ngā wehewehe FBT mō ngā whatunga iti ake. Ka tautokohia e ēnei wehewehe ngā tere raraunga me ngā tohu pumau i ngā tawhiti roa, he mea nui mō te ipurangi tere-tiketike me te pouaka whakaata. He maha ngā whatunga o ēnei rā e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā wehewehe hei pupuri i ngā hononga kia maeneene, kia pono hoki. Ka whakaatuhia e te tuhinga e whai ake nei te mahi a ngā wehewehe me te wāhi hei whakamahi i ia momo.

He aha te mea he Wehewehe muka whatu?

He wehewehe muka whatu he wāhanga kore mahi i roto i ngā whatunga whatu e whai wāhi nui ana ki te wehewehe i tētahi tohu tāuru kia rua, neke atu rānei ngā putanga. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e tētahi tohu mai i tētahi muka aratau kotahi te uru atu ki ngā ūnga maha, ka whakaitihia te nui o te taura e hiahiatia ana. PLC ngā wehewehe muka whatu honoa ngā anga tuara ki ngā taputapu taunga, kia mōhio ai koe kei ngā kaiohauru i ngā kāinga noho, i ngā tari, me ngā whare nui ka whiwhi hononga pono. Ka tūtaki koe ki ēnei wehewehe i roto i ngā PON maha pērā i te GPON me te FTTH, ka taea ai e rātou te peka tohu me te iti o te kaha e pau ana. Ka whakawhānuihia e ngā wehewehe muka whatu te whānuitanga o te whatunga, ā, ka mau tonu te maeneene o ngā mahi mō ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi.

1. Mahi Matua

Ko te tikanga, ka wehea e te wehewehe muka whatu te mana whatu mai i te kotahi ki te maha. Pērā ai, ka taea e te tohu rama kotahi te tuku ki ngā kāinga maha i te wā kotahi, pērā i ngā whare noho, i ngā tāone nui rānei. He rite tonu ki te tango i te rama kotahi ka whiti mā roto i te porohita—inaianei he maha ngā hihi rama e whakamārama ana i ngā rūma motuhake.

Ko te pupuri i te kounga o te tohu i te wā e wehea ana te mea nui. He mea hanga ngā wehewehe pai hei ārai i te ngaronga nui o te tohu, kia whiwhi ai koutou katoa i te whāngai koi. Ki te kore te wehewehe kounga teitei, ka puhoi pea te tere o ētahi kaiwhakamahi, ka mutu rānei te mahi. Ina hangaia marietia, ka āwhina ngā wehewehe i ngā whatunga ki te toro atu ki ētahi atu tāngata me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga.

2. PLC vs. FBT

E rua ngā momo matua: te Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) me te Fused Biconical Taper (FBT). Ka whakamahia e ngā wehewehe PLC he turanga quartz, ā, ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i te hangarau maramara, kia pai ake ai te mahi mō ngā tau putanga teitei ake, pērā i ngā whakaritenga 1x16, 1x32 rānei. He tino pai mō ngā whatunga nui ake nā te mea he iti ngā mate ka mau tonu, ā, ka taurite hoki ngā tohu puta noa i ngā putanga katoa.

Ka hangaia ngā wehewehenga FBT mā te whakamahana me te whakakotahi i ngā muka, nō reira he iti tonu te utu mō ngā wehewehenga iti pēnei i te 1x2, te 1x4 rānei. He taketake ēnei, ā, he tino pai mō ngā kaupapa iti, engari kāore e taea te whakatere i ngā wehewehenga maha me te kore e tino mārama pērā i te PLC. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi, whakaarohia te maha o ngā wehewehenga e hiahiatia ana e koe me te taurite i waenga i te utu me te mahi.

3. Te Wehewehenga o ngā Tauwehenga

Ko te ōwehenga wehewehe te nui o te tohu e whiwhihia ana e ia putanga. Hei tauira, ka tukuna e te 1×2 te haurua o te mana ki ia raina, ā, ka hoatu e te 1×4 he hauwhā ki ia raina. Ka taea e ngā whatunga te whiriwhiri mai i te 1x2, 1x4, tae atu ki te 1x64, i runga i te maha o ngā kaiohauru me whiwhi ratonga mai i te pūtake kotahi.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā ōwehenga wehewehe tika ka pai ake te mahi a te whatunga. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he 1x8 mō tētahi tari pukumahi, engari ko te hunga whakamahi kāinga i ētahi wā ka pai ake ki te 1x2. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā whatunga FTTH puta noa i te tāone ngā wehewehe nui hei tae atu ki ngā kāinga maha mai i te pūwāhi kotahi, ka nui te kaha mai i ia taura.

4. Tūranga Whatunga

Mā ngā wehewehe muka whatu ka taea te whakawhānui i ngā whatunga me te iti rawa o ngā taura tāpiri.

Ka māmā ake te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi.

Mā ngā wehewehe ka taea e te tini tāngata te whakamahi i te whatunga kaha kotahi.

Mā ēnei ka maeneene tonu te neke o ngā raraunga, ahakoa mō ngā tawhiti roa.

Ngā Inenga Mahi Matua

Ko ngā wehewehe muka whatu te tūāpapa o ngā whatunga kaha, inā koa mō te whai huatanga o te tuku whatu. Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc e tika ana ko te tirotiro i ngā inenga matua e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga o te whirihoranga. Mā ēnei tatauranga ka taea te whakataurite i ngā hua me te whiriwhiri i te kōwhiringa tino tika mō ia mahi, mai i ngā whatunga whānui ki te ipurangi whare.

Ngaronga Whakaurunga

Ko te ngaronga whakaurunga e tohu ana i te nui o te tohu e ngaro ana i te wa e whiti ana te marama i roto i te wehewehe. Ka inehia tenei i roto i nga desipere (dB) ka hoatu he ahua tonu mo te mahi a te whatunga. Mena he nui te ngaronga, he ngoikore to tohu ka pa ki te kounga raraunga me te whakawhāiti i te toro atu o to whatunga.

He mea nui te kounga o ngā hononga me te whakaritenga o ngā muka. Mā ngā hononga kino, ngā muka hē rānei e tāpiri atu ai te mate. Hei tauira, ko ngā wehewehe iti me ngā hononga ngoikore ka whakaatu pea i te mate 1.5 dB, engari ko ngā mea kounga ka noho tonu i raro i te 1 dB. He mea mohio te pupuri i te mate whakaurunga kia iti i roto i ngā hononga tere-rahi, tawhiti-roa. Kōwhiria ngā wehewehe me te iti rawa o te mate whakaurunga - ina koa mō ngā whatunga pakihi, waea rānei.

Ngaronga Whakahoki

Ko te ngaronga whakahoki he tawhā e ine ana i te nui o te tohu e whakaatahia ana ki te pūtake, kaua e horahia ki mua. He pai ake te ngaronga whakahoki teitei (dB). He iti ake te whakaaro, ka noho ora tonu ai tō whatunga.

Ko te ngaronga whakahoki pai he nui ake i te 55 dB. Ko ngā uara teitei ake ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ngaronga mōkihi me te wiri, he mea nui tēnei i roto i te roma ataata, i ngā waea reo rānei. Hei whakanui ake i te ngaronga whakahoki, whakamahia ngā hononga koki me te whakarite kia ngā mata pito muka he ma, he pai te oro.

Te ōritetanga

Ka whakamātautau te ōritetanga mēnā ka whiwhi ngā putanga putanga katoa i te tohatoha hiko ōrite. Mēnā kāore te hiko i te taurite, ka raru pea ētahi o aua taputapu i ngā tohu ngoikore. He raruraru tēnei i roto i ngā wehewehenga FBT, inā koa i roto i ngā wehewehenga nui pēnei i te 1×8. Ko te ōritetanga kino = ka whiwhi ētahi kaiwhakamahi i ngā hononga puhoi, ka ngaro rānei ngā raraunga.

Mō te mahi tino pai, rapua ngā wehewehe me te rerekētanga i raro i te 1 dB i waenga i ngā putanga. Mā te mana pumau ka noho pumau ngā tohu ipurangi, pouaka whakaata, waea rānei mō ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa. Me manatoko tonu ngā whakaritenga i mua i te hoko, inā koa mō ngā whatunga nui e mahi ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi maha.

Te aronga tika

Ko te aronga tika ko te aukati i ngā tohu kei turuturu whakamuri ki roto i te pūnaha. He tino aronga tika (neke atu i te 55 dB), arā, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te pokanoa mai i ngā tohu e horapa whakamuri ana.

Mā ngā wehewehe me te ahunga teitei ka noho ma tō whatunga, ka kore hoki e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā pokapū raraunga, mō ngā pokapū waea rānei, e rere tahi ana ngā mano tini o ngā tohu. Kōwhiria ngā wehewehe me te ahunga kounga mō ngā mahi katoa e whai hua ai te ara tika.

Te Hanga me te Kounga

Ko ngā wāhanga wehewehe muka whatu, pērā i ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc, he wāhanga nui o ngā whatunga raraunga o ēnei rā, ā, ko tā rātou tukanga hanga e whakatau ana i ō rātou āhuatanga mahi. Mā te hanga pai ka roa ake te ora o ngā wehewehe muka whatu, ka tiakina te kaha tohu, ka whakauruhia ki ngā momo pūnaha maha. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi tika, te piri ki ngā paerewa pakari, me te whakamātautau i ia wehewehe me ngā whakamātautau pakari ka whai wāhi katoa ki te whakarite kia mahi ngā taputapu i te mahi i hangaia ai rātou.

Pūtaiao Rauemi

Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwehewehe he mea whakamahi i te quartz, i te silica rānei, nā te mea he mārama, he kaha hoki, e taea ai te tuku mārama me te iti o te whakaiti. I tēnei wā, he iti noa ngā kaiwehewehe hou e whakamahi ana i ngā ranunga karāhe motuhake, i ngā paninga rānei hei whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakanui ake i te roa.

He mea nui te momo muka i whiriwhiria—mā te whakakotahi i ngā muka rerekē ka nui ake te ngaronga, ka pakaru kino rānei. Ina whakamahia ngā rauemi kounga teitei, ka taea e ngā kaiwehewehe te tango i ngā tohu kaha ake me te kore e pakaru, ahakoa he maha ngā tau i roto i ngā wāhi pakeke.

Mā te R&D matatau i roto i te pūtaiao rauemi, pērā i ngā paninga hou e whakaiti ana i te puehu me ngā karawarawa, ka taea te whakanui ake i te mahi a te wehewehe. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā wāhi puehu, i ngā taiao rānei he nui ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana.

Tukanga Hanga

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te hanga i tētahi wehewehe muka whatu. E rua ngā huarahi matua: ko te FBT (fused biconical taper) me te PLC (planar lightwave circuit). Ka takai, ka whakarewahia hoki e ngā wehewehe FBT ngā muka e rua, ā, he pai rawa atu ēnei mō ngā wehewehenga iti engari kāore e tata ki te maha o ngā manga. Ka whakamahia e ngā wehewehe PLC he lithography, he rite ki te hanga maramara iti, nō reira he māmā ake te whakaputa i ngā manga maha i te wā kotahi.

He tino tika te mahi a ngā tikanga e rua. Mēnā he iti noa te hē o te takahuri, te whakairo rānei, tērā pea kāore e tika te mahi a te kaiwehewehe – ka piki ake te ngaronga o te tohu, kāore rānei e wehea ōrite ngā peka. Koia te take e whai tonu ai ngā kamupene ki te whakapai ake i ngā mīhini me ngā mahi mārama, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu, e āhei ai hoki te whānui o te whakamahinga.

Ngā Kawa Whakamātautau

1. Tirotiro Tirohanga: Ka tirohia ia wehewehenga mō ngā kapiti, te puehu, ngā hapa rānei i raro i te karuārai i mua i te neke whakamua.

2. Whakamātautau Ngaronga Whakauru: Ka ine i te nui o te tohu e ngaro ana—ka tuhia ki roto i ngā tesipere (dB)—mō ia putanga putanga, nā te mea he iti te ngaronga ka pai ake te kounga.

3. Whakamātautau Ngaronga Whakahoki: E whakaatu ana i te nui o te mārama e peke ana ki te pūtake, ka taea te whakararu i ngā tohu o runga.

4. Whakamātautau Taurite: E rapu ana i te wehenga tohu ōrite puta noa i ngā tauranga katoa. Mēnā ka iti haere te tohu kotahi, he hē tēnā.

5. Tirotiro Wehewehe: Mō ngā whatunga nui, me wehe te rohenga neke atu i te 40 dB hei aukati i te rere o te tohu i waenga i ngā tauranga.

Whakamātautau auau i ngā wehewehe muka whatu — ehara i te mea i te pito muka anake engari puta noa i te tukanga. Mā tēnei ka kitea wawe ngā raruraru, kia mōhio ai ko ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc pai rawa atu anake ka tae ki te mara, kia makona ai ngā kiritaki puta noa i te ao.

Te Whakahaere me te Whakarite i te Muka

He mea nui te whakahaere me te whakarite muka hei pupuri i ngā wehewehe muka whatu. Ka nui ake te ngaronga o te tohu i ngā hapa, ka poto ake te roa o te ora, ka pakaru rānei. Ka whakawhirinaki ngā wehewehe muka—ahakoa he mea hanga ki te FBT, ki te hangarau PLC rānei—ki te mahi ma, tika hoki—mai i te whakakotahi me te whakawhāiti i ngā muka ki te hiri i te makuku i waho. Me whirihora pai ngā mea e toru—ngā rarangi muka whakauru/putanga me te maramara—i runga i te atamira whakahāngai mō te mahi tino pai. Tirohia te momo hononga (LC, SC, FC) me te whirihoranga wehewehe (1xN, 2xN) nā te mea e pā ana ēnei ki te wehewehe me te tuku o ngā tohu.

Ngā tikanga pai mō te tapahi, te horoi, me te tirotiro i ngā muka:

• Whakamahia ngā taputapu haehae ma, koi hoki i ngā wā katoa, ki te kore ka kore e pai ō okiokinga.

• Horoia ngā pito muka ki ngā tauera kore-miro me ngā wai horoi haumaru-mō-te-muka.

• Tirohia ngā mata o ngā pito mā te whakamahi i tētahi karu tirotiro motuhake i mua i te honotanga.

• Kaua rawa e whakapiko i ngā muka ki tua atu i tō rātou radius piko iti rawa kua whakatauria.

• Hiritia ngā muka katoa e kitea ana mēnā ka whakamahia ki waho hei ārai i te urunga mai o te makuku.

• Penapenahia ngā muka kāore anō kia whakamahia ki roto i ngā pouaka kore puehu.

Te tapahi

Ko te tapahi he pakaru i te muka whatu i tētahi koki motuhake hei whakatutuki i tētahi mata pito papatahi, maeneene. Koinei te taahiraa hei tūāpapa mō te honohono kounga teitei, te hononga rānei. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te tapahi ma ki te pupuri i te iti o te ngaronga tohu, engari ka whakarite hoki kia pai te mahi a te wehewehe.

Ko te tikanga tika ko te wero i te muka ki te mata taimana, ki te mata karāhe rānei, kātahi ka tapahia mārire. I kitea e au ko te maripi aunoa te mea pai rawa atu, te mea ka taea te whakahoki. Ko te tapahi kino ka hua ake he pito taratara, he koki, ka puta he ngaronga whakaurunga nui me te ngaronga whakahoki iti - e rua ngā āhuatanga e whakaatu ana i te pai o te tuku mārama a te kaiwehewehe. Ki te tapahi kino ka kore e whai hua ngā kaiwehewehe, ka pirau hoki ō rātou oranga.

Te horoi

Ehara i te mea ko te horoi i ngā pito muka anake te mahi pai — he mea nui hoki i roto i tētahi whatunga. Ka taea e te puehu, te hinu, te makuku rānei te ārai i te mārama, te whakararuraru hoki i ngā tohu. Ahakoa te iti rawa o te ira ka taea te whakanui ake i te ngaronga whakaurunga me te whakaiti i te kaha o te tohu.

He pai te whakamahi i ngā tauera kore-miro, te waipiro isopropyl, ngā tauera muka kua whakamakukuhia rānei hei horoi i ngā pito muka. He pene horoi muka motuhake kei reira hei whakamahi mō ngā hononga. Me horoi tonu i mua i te tirotiro me muri i te pā.

Mā te kore e horoi ka ngoikore ngā tohu me te tere o te whatunga. I roto i te wā, ka pakaru pea te kaiwehewehe, ā, ka kore e mahi.

Tirotiro

Ko te tirotiro he tirotiro i ngā mata o te muka mō ngā kapiti, ngā maramara, ngā paru rānei i mua i te tāutanga. Mā te karu muka, mā te karu ataata rānei ka taea e koe te tautuhi i ngā raruraru i mua i te huri hei raruraru.

Mā ngā tirotiro auau ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā raruraru pēnei i te rakuraku o te mata o te pito, te poke rānei, ka nui ake ai te ngaronga whakaurunga, te kino rānei. Mā te kimi wawe i te raruraru ka penapena i te wā me te moni mā te ārai i ngā whakaurunga kino.

Ko te tirotiro pai te kī ki te kounga teitei o ngā whatunga muka whatu katoa.

Ngā Tikanga Kino Kāore i Kitea

Ko ngā wehewehe whatu, te uho o ngā LAN whatu kore mahi, ka tūtaki ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea maha ki te pono mō te wā roa. Kāore e kitea te kino tae noa ki te mutunga o te ngaronga o te tohu, te wā rānei e kore ai e mahi te whatunga. Mā te mārama ki ngā tikanga kino kāore e kitea ka āwhina i te pupuri i te kaha o ngā whatunga muka me te mahi pai.

Ngā tikanga kino kāore e kitea i roto i ngā muka whatu:

• Te whakapōuri i te rā i roto i ngā muka matua kua tāpirihia ki te germanium i raro i te mārama UV, i te mārama kitea rānei mō ngā roangaru poto.

• Te rewa o te piripiri me te pakaru o te karāhe i te wera nui, i te makuku rānei.

• Te poke i te wā o te huihuinga, e arahi ana ki ngā hapa huna.

• Te ahotea o te hononga mai i te piko, te tāmitanga rānei.

• Te pakaru o te atanga i ngā pūwāhi hononga.

• Ngā pānga taiao, pērā i te huringa o te pāmahana, te pānga rānei ki ngā matū.

• Mātāpono: Ngā tokotoko ahotea i roto i ngā muka PM e hua ai ngā huringa matua

Mā te mōhio ki ēnei take ka taea e ngā kaipupuri whatunga te mahi i ngā mahi hei ārai i ngā raruraru iti kei huri hei hapa nui. Mā te tiaki ārai me ngā tirotiro auau ka ārai i ngā kino utu nui, ā, ka whakarite kia pai te haruru o ngā whatunga.

Ngā Paepae ā-roto

Ko ngā paepae ā-roto ko ngā taumata mahi ā-roto o te muka—te nui o te māramatanga, te wera, te taumahatanga rānei ka taea e te muka te tu atu i mua i te tīmatanga o te pakaru. He rohe motuhake tō ia momo muka, e tohuhia ana e te karāhe me te paninga.

Ki te whitihia ēnei rohe, ka mutu pea te hononga, ka piki ake ngā reiti hapa, ka rahua rānei. Hei tauira, ka ngokingoki haere te pōuri o te whakaahua i roto i ngā muka i whakamātaohia e te UV, ka āta whakaiti i te mana tohu. Ka ngaro pea te PER i ngā hononga PM i ngā pāmahana makariri nā te whakahekenga o te piri.

Mā te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga mahi ka noho haumaru rātou. Mā ngā taputapu aroturuki hei kite i te ngaronga, i te pāmahana rānei e puta ake ana ka noho wawe koe i mua i te raruraru. He mea mohio ngā whakaoho paepae me te whiriwhiri i ngā muka he paepae teitei ake.

Te Pakaru o te Atanga

Ka puta te kino o te atanga i ngā wāhi e tūtaki ai ngā muka—i ngā wehewehe, i ngā hononga, i ngā hononga rānei. Ahakoa he rakuraku iti noa, he ira puehu rānei, ka taea te ārai, te whakapōrearea rānei i te mārama.

Mā te whakahaere koretake, mā te tāutanga tere rānei ka kino ake te āhua – ka hua ake te mahi, te hekenga rānei o te tohu. Ka taea e ngā wehewehe me ngā hononga utu iti te whakanui ake i te mōrearea, ka ngoikore haere ngā whatunga i te roanga o te wā.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga kounga teitei ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā kino kāore e kitea. Mā te muru i ngā hononga i mua i te raka ki ngā āwhina. Mā ngā ture mārama mō te mono me te momotu i ngā muka ka kore e tukuna he ara poto.

Te ahotea hononga

Ko te taumahatanga o te hononga te mea nui ki te kaha o te piko, te kume rānei o te muka, inā koa ki te wāhi e mono ana. Ko te nui rawa o te pēhanga ka hua ake he karāhe pakaru, he hononga pakaru rānei. I ētahi wā ko ngā maturuturunga tohu matapōkere anake ka puta, kāore e taea te whakatau.

He nui te mahi a ngā tikanga tāuta tika—kāore he piko koi, kāore he tō kaha. Mā ngā whakangāwari taumahatanga, pērā i ngā pūtu ngohengohe, ngā here taura rānei, ka āwhina i te tohatoha i te taumahatanga kia mau tonu ai ngā hononga i roto i te wā.

Ngā āhuatanga taiao

Te wera, te haumākū, ngā matū — ka pā kino katoa ēnei ki te hauora o te muka. Ka taea e ngā wāhi wera, makuku te whakakino i ngā piripiri, te tere ake rānei te pakaru o te karāhe. Ko ētahi whare he ātete ki te makuku me te puehu, ā, ka nui te pānga ki te oranga mō te wā roa.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi tika mō te mahi, me te here i ngā muka ki roto i ngā takai pakari, ka āwhina i te ārai i te nuinga o ngā tūponotanga. Mā ngā tirotiro muka i te wā tiaki o ia rā ka kitea wawe ngā raruraru, i mua i te pakaru o te whatunga.

Te Pānga Huna o te Splitter

He pānga puku engari he pānga hohonu tō ngā wehewehe muka whatu, inā koa ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc, ki te whanaketanga o te whatunga, te whanaketanga, me te manawanui i roto i te ao matihiko. I ētahi wā ka warewarehia ēnei taniwha iti, engari he nui rawa tō rātou pānga ki te hoahoa whatunga, te whakapaunga pūngao, me te whakarite mō te heke mai. Mā te tirohanga tata atu ka kitea he aha te mea nui o te whakaaro ki te wehewehe tuatahi mō ngā whatunga pakari, urutau, me te pono.

Te Whakawhanuitanga o te Whatunga

E tohu ana te tauine whatunga ka taea te whakawhānui i te whatunga ina tae mai ngā raraunga tāpiri me ngā kaiwhakamahi.

Mā te wehewehe muka whatu ka taea e te muka kotahi te mahi ki ngā pito mutunga maha. Hei tauira, i roto i te pāka pakihi, i te poraka tāone rānei, ka taea e ngā wehewehe te toro atu ki te muka tuatahi kotahi ki ngā whare tekau, ki ngā whare noho rānei. Arā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakahaere i ngā rau taura – 1 taura, he maha ngā wehewehenga. Ko te ōwehenga wehewehenga, pērā i te 1:4, 1:32 rānei, e whakaatu ana ki a koe te maha o ngā huarahi e tohaina ai te tohu. Mā ngā ōwehenga wehewehenga teitei ka taea e koe te toro atu ki ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi, engari ka nui ake te ngaronga o te tohu, nō reira he mea nui te taurite. Mā ngā whatunga tipu kua hangaia kia āta tiakina te wā me ngā whakapaunga a muri ake nei. Ki te whakamahi koe i te momo tika—FBT mō ngā wehewehenga iti iho i te 1x4, PLC mō te neke atu i te 1x8—ka whānui haere te whatunga, ā, ka noho pono tonu.

Te Mana Tahua

Mā te whakarite tahua hiko ka rawaka te kaha o te tohu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa i muri i te wehenga.

Ka taea e ngā wehewehe te hanga i te ngaronga whakaurunga, arā, ka heke te tohu i ia wehenga. Mēnā kāore i te tika te tahua hiko, ka puhoi te whatunga, ka mate rānei. Ka taea e ngā wehewehe kounga iti, inā koa i ngā wehenga nui pēnei i te 1:32, te whakaputa i ngā ngaronga nui, te kore rānei e rahua pinepine. Hei whakahaere i tēnei, whakamahia ngā wehewehe kounga iti iho i te 0.5 dB te kore taurite. Kia mataara ki te ōwehenga wehenga me te roa o te muka. Mā ngā wehewehe utu iti ka penapena moni koe ināianei, ā, ka nui ake te utu mō ngā whakatikatika me te wā kore mahi.

Te Whakatūpato i te Ao o Mua

He mea whakarite mō ngā rā kei te heke mai te hanga whatunga pumau.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā wehewehe ka taea te whakarerekē i te ōwehenga wehewehe me te whānui o te whānui, mai i te 20 ki te 640 nm, ka taea e te whatunga te urutau ki ngā panonitanga tere me te hangarau. I te mea e hiahiatia ana he whānui atu i ngā taputapu me ngā tono hou, ka mau tonu te rite o te whatunga i ngā wehewehe e āwhina ana i ngā whakapainga. Mā te whakaaro whakamua ki ngā whakapainga ka whai hua te moni me te pouri i muri mai. Mā ngā wehewehe pai ka whakaiti i te rahunga, ā, ka mau tonu te kaha o te whatunga i te whanaketanga o te hangarau.

Te Tūranga i roto i ngā Hangarau Hou

Mā ngā whakawehewehe ka taea e ngā tāone atamai, te 5G me te ipurangi gigabit.

Ka āwhina rātou ki te tohatoha tohu mō ngā waeatanga ataata, kapua me ngā taputapu kāinga atamai. Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo me te kounga o te wehewehe tika ka whakaiti i ngā wāhi ka rahua pea, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā whakapaunga i te whakatinanatanga o ngā hangarau hou.

Whakamutunga

He mahi nui tā ngā wehewehe muka whatu i roto i te tuku raraunga me te hononga. Ko ēnei mea iti nei te hunga e hanga ana i te tere me te kapinga o ngā whatunga e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. Ka pupuri te wehewehe kounga i te kaha o te tohu, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā aukati. Ka taea e ngā hapa iti i roto i te hanga, i te whakahaere rānei te hua ake o te hekenga o te ratonga, nō reira he tino whai hua te aro ki ngā taipitopito i tēnei wāhanga. Ka kitea e koe ngā wehewehe i roto i ngā paihere tāone nui, i roto rānei i ngā rohe whenua. Ka āwhina katoa ēnei ki te noho hono ki hea. Hei whakapai ake i te mahi i roto i te whatunga, tirohia te āhua o ia wehewehe. Kōrerohia ō ake kōrero wehewehe, pātai atu rānei – he maha ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e ngā whara me ngā whakanuinga kotahi i roto i tēnei ao pukumahi.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te wehewehe muka whatu?

Ko te wehewehe muka whatu, inā koa ko ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc, he taputapu e wehewehe ana i te tohu whatu kia maha, e whai hua ai i roto i ngā whatunga muka whatu te tohatoha i te whānui o te hononga ki ngā pūwāhi maha.

He pēhea te pānga o te wehewehe muka whatu ki te kounga o te tohu?

Ka puta he whakahekenga tohu, he ngaronga whakaurunga rānei i roto i te mīhini wehewehe muka whatu. Ka whakaitihia tēnei ngaronga e ngā mīhini wehewehe muka whatu plc kounga teitei, kia tika ai te tuku raraunga me te tukunga raraunga puta noa i te whatunga.

He aha ngā inenga mahi matua mō ngā wehewehe muka whatu?

Ko ngā tawhā nui pēnei i te ngaronga whakaurunga, te ōritetanga, te ngaronga whakahoki, me te ōwehenga wehenga e whakatau ana i te pai o te tuku pono a ngā wehewehe muka whatu i ngā tohu whatu.

He aha te hiranga o te kounga hanga mō ngā wehewehe muka whatu?

Ka pā te kounga o te hanga ki te pakari me te roa o te ora o ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc. Mā te hanga kounga ka whakaitihia te ngaronga tohu, ā, ka taea te wehewehe tika, ka āwhina i te tuku whatu pono mō te mahi whatunga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere me te whakarite i ngā mīhini wehewehe muka whatu?

Mā te whakahaere tupato ka karohia te paru me ngā karawarawa i runga i te mīhini wehewehe muka whatu; whakamahia ngā taputapu mārama, me te tāuta i ngā tikanga hei pupuri i te whai huatanga.

He aha ētahi o ngā āhuatanga kino kāore e kitea mō ngā wehewehe muka whatu?

Ka taea e ngā kino kāore i te kitea, pērā i ngā kapiti moroiti me te poke, te whakararu i te kounga o te tohu muka whatu, inā koa i roto i ngā mīhini wehewehe muka whatu.

He aha ngā pānga huna o te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini wehewehe muka whatu kounga iti?

Ka taea e ngā wehewehe muka whatu kino te arahi ki te ngaronga tohu, te nui haere o te tiaki, me ngā rahunga whatunga kino. Mā te haumi ki ngā wehewehe muka whatu plc kounga teitei ka whakatairanga i te pumau o te whatunga me te penapena moni mō te wā roa.