• Kudziwa pang'ono za mawaya asanu ndi atatu omwe ali mkati mwa mawaya anu a Ethernet kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe awiri opindika amathandizira potumiza deta ndi mphamvu moyenera, ngakhale pamene ukadaulo ukupitirira.

• Ndi mawaya oyenera (monga T568A kapena T568B), mutha kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti chilichonse chidzayenda bwino - kaya mukulumikiza netiweki yapakhomo kapena yaofesi.

• Kusinthasintha kwa mawaya a ethernet sikuti kumangowonjezera kusinthasintha kwa mawaya - kumachepetsa kusokoneza, kuletsa phokoso ndikuletsa kulankhulana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maulumikizidwe azikhala olimba komanso othamanga.

• Kusankha gulu loyenera la chingwe ndi chitetezo kungathandize kupititsa patsogolo liwiro, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kuteteza ku kusokonezedwa - makamaka m'malo okhuthala kapena ovuta.

• Zingwe za Ethernet zoyikidwa bwino komanso zotsekedwa bwino zidzakupulumutsani kutayika kwa deta, mavuto okhudzana ndi kulumikizana komanso mavuto amtsogolo, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira njira zabwino izi.

• Kugula zingwe za Ethernet za waya zisanu ndi zitatu lero kudzateteza netiweki yanu mtsogolo, kuthandizira mapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri komanso zosintha kwa zaka zikubwerazi.

Mawaya asanu ndi atatu mu zingwe za ethernet pamodzi amapanga mawaya okhazikika pamalumikizidwe ambiri — monga chingwe cha Cat5e kapena Cat6. Waya uliwonse uli ndi code yamtundu ndi malo okhazikika mu chingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta iziyenda bwino komanso moyenera. Mawiri anayi opindika amathandiza kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kutayika kwa chizindikiro. Ma configurations ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya onse asanu ndi atatu kuti azitha kuthamanga kwa gigabit, pomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito anayi okha kuti azilumikiza pang'onopang'ono. Mawaya awa amalola makompyuta, ma rauta ndi ma switch kusinthana deta ndikupeza intaneti mosavuta. Kumvetsetsa zomwe waya uliwonse umachita kungathandize popanga kapena kukonza ma network kunyumba kapena ku ofesi. Nkhani yayikulu ifotokoza momwe waya uliwonse umagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake uli wofunikira.

Mawaya Asanu ndi Atatu Avumbulutsidwa

Zingwe za Ethernet zimadalira mawaya asanu ndi atatu—anayi chingwe chopotokas—kuti zithandize kusamutsa deta pa liwiro lapamwamba. Waya uliwonse umagwira ntchito inayake, kuyambira chizindikiro kupita pansi, kuonetsetsa kuti ma netiweki amagwira ntchito bwino, ngakhale m'malo okhuthala. Mtundu ndi malo a izi mawaya a munthu payekha ndizofunikira, zolamulidwa ndi zofunikira pa waya monga T568a ndi T568b. Mawaya abwino amachepetsa mavuto ndikutsimikizira kulumikizana kolimba, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba ndi maofesi padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka nthawi yofulumira maukonde a ethernet.

1. Awiri Otumizira

The awiri otumizira Mu chingwe cha Ethernet chimakhala ndi mawaya awiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera-lalanje ndi alanje (mapini 1 ndi 2). Amatumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimasanduka mapaketi a data.

Mawiri otumizira mauthenga amanyamula katundu wa deta yotuluka. Mukatumiza mafayilo kapena kuwonera makanema, mawaya awa amatumiza chidziwitsocho. Kulemba mitundu kumathandiza kuwazindikira mosavuta, kuchepetsa zolakwika mukalumikiza mawaya. Ngati mawaya awa adutsana kapena kulumikizidwa mosasamala, dongosolo lonse limaphwanyika kapena kugwira. Pa liwiro loposa 100 mbps, mawiri otumizira ndi kulandira mauthenga ayenera kusewera mpira limodzi.

2. Awiri Olandira

Mawiri olandira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira-oyera ndi obiriwira (mapini 3 ndi 6), ndi a deta yolowera. Amajambula zizindikiro kuchokera ku mayunitsi ena, ndikutumiza mauthenga ku kompyuta kapena foni yanu.

Mawiri otumizira ndi kulandira amaphatikizidwa. Mumatumiza, mumamvetsera. Ngati waya watayika kapena wasokonezedwa, deta imatayika kapena kusokonezedwa. M'moyo weniweni, awiri osinthidwa amatha kuwononga mafoni apakanema kapena masewera apa intaneti osakhalitsa. Kulumikiza bwino, miyezo ya utoto, kumasunga msana.

3. Awiri Oyamba Osankhira

Mapepala oyamba owonjezera, abuluu ndi abuluu-oyera (mapini 4 ndi 5), sagwiritsa ntchito deta yachibadwa m'njira zambiri zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri.

Ma network ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya awa kuti awonjezere mphamvu, monga Power over Ethernet kapena njira zina zowonjezera. Kukhala ndi njira yowonjezera kumapereka malo oti ikule komanso chitetezo ngati waya woyamba wasweka. Mawaya onse amafunika mbali yoyera, ngakhale zotsalira; apo ayi, kutulutsa kwa ma signal kungayambitse zolakwika.

4. Gulu Lachiwiri Lowonjezera

Zoyera-zofiirira ndi zofiirira (mapini 7, 8) ndi zina mwa ziwiri zotsala, zomwe sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito pa ntchito zambiri za Fast Ethernet.

Nthawi zina amasinthidwa kuti apeze zida zapamwamba kapena mphamvu yowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maukonde azikhala osinthika mosavuta. Ngakhale ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito, mawaya awa ayenera kukhala osasunthika komanso otetezedwa kuti asunge chizindikiro chilichonse champhamvu.

Mawiri osagwiritsidwa ntchito akadali ofunika.

5. Mphamvu pa Ethernet

Mphamvu pa Ethernet (PoE) imatumiza mphamvu ndi deta kudzera pa chingwe chomwecho, nthawi zambiri pa mawiri owonjezera. Ndi yabwino kwambiri pochaja makamera ndi mafoni popanda ma adapter ena.

PoE imachotsa chisokonezo, imathandiza m'maofesi ndi m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino ndi mitundu yambiri ya mawaya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kwa PoE mawaya onse kumapulumutsa nthawi komanso ndalama.

Kusintha Kwanzeru

Kupindika kwa zingwe za Ethernet, makamaka mu zingwe zopindika, sikuti kumangopangitsa kuti zikhale zoyera kapena zogwirizana ndi mitundu; kumachepetsa bwino kusokonezeka kwa ma electromagnetic (EMI) ndikusunga ma signal omveka bwino. Mawaya asanu ndi atatu awa — mawaya anayi opindika — ndi ofunikira kuti akhale olimba. kutumiza deta mu maukonde a makompyuta.

Kuletsa Phokoso

Zingwe ziwiri zopindika zimagwira ntchito polumikiza waya umodzi ndi chizindikirocho ku waya womwe uli ndi mbali yake yolunjika. Pamene mawaya awa akupotoka, phokoso lililonse lakunja limagunda mawaya onse awiri mofanana. Zizindikiro zikafika, makinawo amachotsa chimodzi kuchokera ku china, zomwe zimachotsa phokosolo koma zimasunga chidziwitsocho, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri potumiza deta moyenera mu ma netiweki a Ethernet.

Fiziki apa ndi yosavuta. Tangoganizirani ofesi yotanganidwa yodzaza ndi phokoso lamagetsi; kusinthaku mu zingwe za netiweki Lolani mawaya a Ethernet kuti achotse misala yambiri. Kupotoka kulikonse kumachepetsa mwayi wa zizindikiro zosochera kusokoneza netiweki yanu ya kompyuta, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti chidziwitso chikhale choyera kuyambira pa mfundo A mpaka pa mfundo B.

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'malo odzaza ndi zingwe kapena zida zambiri. Popanda kuletsa phokoso, zolakwika zazing'ono zingayambitse mutu waukulu - kutayika kwa mafayilo, kuyimitsa mafoni apakanema, kapena kutsitsa pang'onopang'ono. Mawaya opindika Amateteza mzerewo kuti mawu a digito azimveka bwino, ngakhale pamene ether yadzaza.

Kuletsa Kulankhulana Molakwika

Kulankhulana kwapakati kumachitika pamene zizindikiro zochokera ku waya imodzi zimadumphira ku ina, kumvetsera zomwe zikukambidwa. Mu zingwe za Ethernet, kupotoza mawaya kumachepetsa vutoli mwa kulekanitsa zizindikiro kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Kachitidwe kopotoka kamapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zisasocheretsedwe mosavuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chidziwitso chanu chisachedwe kusokonekera, zomwe ndizofunikira pazinthu monga kuwonera makanema a HD kapena ... Pamene liwiro likukwera, kulankhulana molunjika kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena. Mawiri opotoka amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso zolakwika zochepa.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chingwe kumathandizanso. Kuthamanga bwino, ma bend olimba komanso zolumikizira zotetezeka zonse zimagwirizana ndi ma twists kuti zitsimikizire kuti crosstalk siilowa. Kwa aliyense amene akuyika netiweki, khama laling'ono ili limapereka chizindikiro chabwino.

Kugwirizanitsa Mwanzeru ndi Kusinthasintha

Kupotoka kwa Ethernet kumalola waya umodzi kutumiza ndi kulandira zizindikiro. Kuyenda kwa mbali ziwiri kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kabwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma circuits azilankhulana popanda mawaya othandizira. Ndi chinthu chaching'ono chomwe chimasintha kapangidwe ka netiweki.

Auto MDI-X ikuthandizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito jenereta ya manambala osasinthika, imaphatikiza ma TX ndi RX awiriawiri pakati pa zipangizo, kuti athe kulankhulana, mosasamala kanthu za doko lomwe mwalumikiza. Mwayi wosagwirizana ndi wochepa ndipo kukonza kumafuna ma millisecond ochepa okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zingwe zowongoka zimagwira ntchito kulikonse, ndipo masiku akale ofufuza chingwe choyenera ndi mbiri yakale.

Zotsatira Zothandiza

Ma network amayenda bwino, zolakwika zochepa zimabuka.

Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito zingwe zapadera zolumikizirana.

Kukhazikitsa kumakhala kofulumira komanso kosasokoneza.

Miyezo Yopangira Ma Wiring

Miyezo ya mawaya imapereka malangizo omveka bwino a momwe mungakonzere ndikuletsa mawaya asanu ndi atatu mkati mwa zingwe za Ethernet, kuphatikiza njira zodziwika bwino monga chingwe cha cat5eMiyezo imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana zimatha kulankhulana, mosasamala kanthu za komwe muli padziko lonse lapansi. Tonsefe tikakhala ndi malamulo omwewo, ma netiweki amagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo ngati china chake chasokonekera, zimakhala zosavuta kukonza kuposa kale. Miyezo iwiri yotchuka kwambiri ya mawaya — T568A ndi T568B — imatchula bwino komwe mungalumikize waya uliwonse mkati mwa chingwe kumapeto kwa pulagi.

1. T568A ndi T568B ndiye miyezo yayikulu ya mawaya a Ethernet, onse awiri amapereka pinout yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolumikizira za 8P8C modular.

2. T568A imasintha mawiri obiriwira ndi alanje poyerekeza ndi T568B, zomwe zimakhudza kulumikizana kwa mawiri.

3. T568B nthawi zambiri imakhala yofala kwambiri pa malo omangira zinthu zamalonda ndi ma patch panels, pomwe T568A imapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba.

4. Ngati mudutsa miyezo iyi kumapeto kwa chingwe, muli ndi chingwe cholumikizirana, chomwe chingakhale chothandiza polumikiza zipangizo ziwiri zofanana.

5. Mawaya anayi okha mwa asanu ndi atatu ndi omwe amanyamula deta mu kasinthidwe ka 100 Mbps, koma onse asanu ndi atatu amalola kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kolimba.

Muyezo wa T568A

T568A ndi imodzi mwa njira ziwiri zazikulu zolumikizira chingwe cha Ethernet. Imagwiritsa ntchito 'kuyitanitsa' mawaya amitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyika m'nyumba zatsopano kapena m'maofesi ang'onoang'ono. Pansipa pali mtundu wa T568A:

T568A ndiye muyezo wofunikira kwambiri pa zomangamanga zatsopano, makamaka nyumba, chifukwa imatha kulumikizana ndi mawaya a foni omwe alipo. Yosavuta komanso yosinthasintha, mutha kuyika T568A kumapeto kwa chingwe ndi T568B kumbali inayo kuti mupange chingwe chopingasa, ngati pakufunika kutero.

Muyezo wa T568B

T568B ndi njira ina yolumikizira mawaya. Ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito m'maofesi, malo osungira deta ndi mapanelo olumikizirana. Nayi mtundu wa T568B:

Okhazikitsa ambiri amasankha T568B chifukwa imagwirizana ndi maukonde akale amakampani. Ngati aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito muyezo womwewo m'nyumba kapena muofesi, mumapewa kusokonezeka ndikuchepetsa mavuto olumikizirana.

Zingwe Zopingasa

Chingwe cholumikizirana si chingwe cha Ethernet chachizolowezi. Chimakupatsani mwayi wolumikiza zipangizo ziwiri zofanana mwachindunji—monga makompyuta awiri, kapena ma switch awiri—popanda zida zina zowonjezera. Mbali imodzi ndi T568A, inayo ndi T568B, yomwe imadutsa mawaya otumizira ndi kulandira kuti zipangizozo zizitha kulankhulana.

Izi ndi zothandiza ngati mukufuna kulumikiza makompyuta awiri kuti mutumize mafayilo mwachangu, kapena mukukhazikitsa netiweki yaying'ono yoyesera ndipo mulibe switch pafupi. Kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chingwe cholumikizirana kumatanthauza kuti mutha kuchita ntchito zosavuta zolumikizirana popanda zida zapadera.

Chifukwa Chiyani Mawaya Asanu ndi Atatu?

Zingwe za Ethernet, makamaka zingwe zodziwika bwino za 5e, zimakhala ndi zingwe zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zimapangidwa m'magawo anayi opindika, kapangidwe kake kamene kamathandizira liwiro lotumizira deta komanso kudalirika. Dongosololi lakhala lofunikira kwambiri pakusunga ma netiweki a ethernet othamanga, kuonetsetsa kuti akupitilizabe kukhala osinthika komanso okonzeka kupita patsogolo mtsogolo.

Zosowa Zoyambirira

Kalekale, Ethernet inkayenera kutumiza deta mwachangu komanso kusunga chizindikiro choyera. Mawiri anayi a mawaya opindika amachepetsa kusokoneza ndi phokoso. Kupindikako kumaletsa phokoso kuchokera ku mawaya kapena makina oyandikana nawo. Izi zinali zazikulu kwambiri pamaofesi odzaza ndi anthu ambiri kapena zipinda zogwirira ntchito. Awiri aliwonse adapeza ntchito: imodzi yotumizira, imodzi yolandirira, ndi ziwiri zosungira kapena ntchito zina. Early Fast Ethernet (100BASE-TX) idagwiritsa ntchito mawaya anayi okha a data, koma onse asanu ndi atatu adatsala, okonzeka kukula.

Fast Ethernet, IE, inali kusintha kuchokera ku 10BASE-T, komwe kunalola ma network kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka mawaya asanu ndi atatu kanatsegula njira yatsopano. Kunalola mainjiniya kukonzekera zinthu zazikulu, monga Gigabit Ethernet, popanda kusintha zofunikira za chingwecho. Zolumikizira za RJ45 zinabwera pambuyo pa muyezo wa 8P8C (malo asanu ndi atatu, ma contact asanu ndi atatu), zomwe zinatseka makina asanu ndi atatu kwa zaka zikubwerazi.

Kutsimikizira za Mtsogolo

Kuteteza mtsogolo ndi kwanzeru - kumanga machitidwe omwe amatha kusintha popanda kusinthidwa kwathunthu. Kapangidwe ka waya eyiti ka Ethernet ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Kumathandiza ma netiweki kukula pamene ukadaulo watsopano ukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati ofesi yanu ikusintha kuti ilumikizane mwachangu, simuyenera kulumikizanso waya - ingolumikizani.

Kusinthasintha kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri m'dziko lomwe ukadaulo ukuyenda mwachangu. Mabizinesi ndi mabanja amafuna maukonde omwe ali ndi liwiro loyenera. Zingwe za waya zisanu ndi zitatu zikutanthauza kuti simudzasiyidwa kumbuyo pamene miyezo kapena liwiro zisintha. Pakapita nthawi, zimakupulumutsirani nthawi, ndalama ndi khama.

Gigabit Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet imafuna kuti mawaya onse asanu ndi atatu azigwira ntchito. Kukweza kumeneku kumathandiza kuti liwiro lifike pa 1Gbps, kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku makonzedwe achikhalidwe a 100 Mbps. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawiri onse awiri, Gigabit Ethernet imatumiza deta yambiri nthawi imodzi. Pazinthu monga kuwonera pa intaneti, masewera apaintaneti, kapena kugawana mafayilo ambiri, liwiro lalikululi silimangokhala labwino - ndikofunikira.

Ma network amakono amadalira luso limeneli. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zamakono ndi mautumiki amtambo omwe akubwera, kufunikira kwa kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kodalirika kungangowonjezeka. Mawaya asanu ndi atatu pa chingwe chilichonse amatsimikizira kuti kulumikizana kwanu kukugwirabe ntchito, mosasamala kanthu kuti muli ndi zida zingati.

Miyezo Yaukadaulo

Ma waya a T568a ndi T568b onse amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya onse asanu ndi atatu omwe ali mu zingwe zopindika. Zingwe zonse ziwirizi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zopindika, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingawononge ma signali m'maukonde apakompyuta. Muyezo wa 8P8C umapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta: cholumikizira chimodzi, pulani imodzi ya mawaya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupitirira Mawaya

Zingwe za Ethernet sizimangolumikiza chinthu chimodzi ndi china; mtundu wake, chitetezo chake, ndi zolumikizira zake zimatsimikizira momwe deta imayendera mwachangu, mtunda, komanso momwe deta imayendera bwino. Kusankha zingwe zanu za netiweki mwanzeru kumawerengera liwiro la netiweki, mtunda, komanso kudalirika, makamaka ndi zingwe za gulu la 5e zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri.

Magulu a Zingwe

1. Gulu 5 (Cat5): Imayendetsa mpaka 100 Mbps, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma netiweki akale. Ma waya 4 okha mwa mawaya 8 ndi omwe amatumiza ndikulandira deta mu ma configurations a 100 Mbps.

2. Gulu la 5e (Cat5e): Cat5 yabwino, imafika pa 1 Gbps ndipo imachepetsa kulankhulana.

3. Gulu 6 (Cat6): Imafika pa 10 Gbps pa liwiro lalifupi, phokoso lochepa, komanso zinthu zokhwima. Imafuna mawaya onse 8 kuti igwire ntchito mwachangu.

4. Gulu 6a (Cat6a): Imathandizira Cat6 kuti igwire 10 Gbps pa liwiro la mamita 100, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotetezeka bwino.

5. Gulu 7 (Cat7): Choteteza kwambiri, chimathandizira 10 Gbps, koma sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba.

6. Gulu 8 (Cat8): Yopangidwira malo osungira deta, imafika pa 40 Gbps pa mtunda waufupi.

Magulu apamwamba a zingwe za netiweki, monga chingwe cha cat5e, amalola liwiro lalikulu komanso kusokoneza pang'ono, koma kugwiritsa ntchito gulu locheperako kungakuchedwetseni kapena kuyambitsa mavuto, makamaka ngati mawaya awiriwa sanathe bwino. kulumikizana kwa ethernet liwiro komanso lokhazikika, koma simungathebe kuwoloka mtunda wa mamita 100 popanda kutayika.

Mitundu Yoteteza

Kuteteza = mawaya okutira kuti ateteze phokoso lakunja. Mawaya a UTP amapezeka paliponse m'nyumba chifukwa ndi otsika mtengo komanso osinthika. Mawaya otchingidwa (STP) ali ndi gawo lina lowonjezera kuti aletse kusokoneza kwambiri, lothandiza m'malo okhala ndi makina ambiri kapena zingwe zamagetsi.

Mu maofesi kapena mafakitale omwe ali ndi phokoso, zingwe za STP zimatha kusunga zizindikiro zoyera pomwe UTP ingalephere. Kupotoza mawiriwo kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusokoneza. Kusankha mtundu woyenera kumathandiza kuti netiweki yanu ikhale yolimba, makamaka pamene phokoso la wailesi ndi lochuluka.

Udindo Wolumikizira

Zolumikizira zimalumikiza zingwe za Ethernet ku zipangizo. RJ45 ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri ndipo imakonza mawaya onse asanu ndi atatu m'malo oyenera, malinga ndi mtundu (monga buluu wokhala ndi woyera/buluu).

Kulumikizana kolakwika kapena kukhazikitsa kolakwika kungapangitse netiweki yonse kukhala yosakhazikika kapena yolephera, kotero kusamala ndikofunikira kwambiri. Okhazikitsa ayenera kusamala kuti asadule mawaya kapena kuwachotsa pa zolumikizira, apo ayi mungakhale pachiwopsezo chotseguka kapena kufupika kwa mawaya. Zolumikizira zabwino zimachepetsa kutayika kwa chizindikiro ndipo zimawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndichifukwa chake zigawo zabwino ndizofunikira.

Chinthu cha Munthu

Zingwe za Ethernet zimagwira ntchito chifukwa timaganizira, kupanga, ndikuyang'ana gawo lililonse la mawaya opindika. Zinthu za anthu zimakhudza njira za mawaya asanu ndi atatu awa, kuyambira pa dash yoyamba mpaka kuyesa kwa liwiro lapamwamba, kuonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira miyezo ya ethernet.

Zopinga Zothetsera

Kulumikiza chingwe cha Ethernet kumaoneka ngati kochepa, koma zolakwika zazing'ono zingayambitse mavuto akulu.

Ambiri amalephera kufika pa sitepe yomaliza—kusiya. Zolakwika zambiri zimakhala kusokoneza dongosolo la mawaya, osati mawaya okhala m'malo olumikizira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika njira yolumikizira mawaya. Ngakhale mpata pang'ono kapena mtundu wosinthana ukhoza kusokoneza netiweki kapena kupangitsa kuti maulumikizidwe azikhala odekha komanso osweka. Anthu amakonda kukhulupirira matumbo awo ndikuyerekeza momwe zinthu zilili, koma zimenezo n'zoopsa. Mawaya a T568A ndi T568B ndi ofanana koma nthawi zina samasinthana.

Yankho lake ndikutenga nthawi yanu, kutsimikizira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo owonekera bwino. Ma diagram olembedwa, mawaya okhala ndi mitundu, ndi kudula mosamala kumateteza zolakwika izi. Maphunziro ndi machitidwe ndizofunikira. Wokhazikitsa wabwino amasunga mndandanda wotsatira ndipo nthawi zonse amayendetsa choyesera chingwe, osaganizira kuti ntchitoyo ili bwino pongoyang'ana. Njira yosamala iyi imayambitsa kudalirana mu ulalo uliwonse.

Njira Zabwino Zokhazikitsira

Kusunga zingwe bwino — osati chifukwa cha kukongola kokha, kumateteza mutu wambiri.

Ntchito ya chingwe cha khoswe ndi yovuta kuyeretsa. Mafundo, ma cross, ndi ma tight loops amawononga chizindikiro ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukonza. Kusamalira bwino chingwe kumaphatikizapo ma tayi ndi mipikisano, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe chomwe chikulepheretsa mpweya kuyenda, komanso kulola malo kuti akule. Kulemba ma tag kumapeto onse a chingwe, kulemba mitundu ndi kulemba ma log kumathandiza aliyense kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu.

Kuyesa chingwe chilichonse mukatha kukhazikitsa sikosangalatsa kukhala nako - ndikofunikira. Ma chingwe angawoneke osasweka koma ali ndi zolakwika zamkati. Woyesa wodzichepetsa amatha kuzindikira zolephera izi asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki.

Kupita pafupipafupi ndi kukonza zinthu nthawi zonse kumasunga mphamvu ya intaneti. N'zosavuta kunyalanyaza zomwe anthu akuphonya tsopano zomwe zimadzazimiririka mawa.

Udindo wa Kuphunzitsa ndi Chidziwitso

Kulephera kwa ma netiweki ambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu, osati chifukwa cha chingwe. Maphunziro amapatsa antchito mphamvu zozindikira ndikukonza mavuto asanayambe ntchito yawo.

Kumvetsetsa momwe mungawerengere mawaya, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, ndi kuzindikira zofooka mu dongosololi ndikofunikira. Ngakhale akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito amafunika kusintha pamene miyezo ndi zida zikusintha.

Kuzindikira kwa Munthu vs. Miyezo

Amakhulupirira m'mimba mwawo, koma maukonde amafuna deta, osati chidziwitso.

Ambiri a iwo amanyalanyaza malangizo kapena miyezo chifukwa amaganiza kuti njira yawo ndi yachangu. Chizolowezichi chimabweretsa zofooka zachinsinsi ndipo chimavuta kuthandiza ena zinthu zikavuta.

Malamulo ndi malangizo omveka bwino amatithandiza kuti tonse tiyende bwino — mosasamala kanthu za amene akugwira ntchito pa mawaya.

Mapeto

Pali mawaya asanu ndi atatu mkati mwa chingwe chilichonse cha Ethernet. Chilichonse chili ndi ntchito, kutumiza, kusunga liwiro, komanso kuchepetsa kulankhulana. Mawaya opindika amalimbana ndi phokoso. Malamulo awa a mawaya - T568A ndi T568B - amatsimikiza njira zomwe zizindikiro ziziyenda molunjika komanso mwachangu. Pamodzi, mawaya awa ndi omwe amasunga netiweki kukhala yolimba kunyumba, kuntchito kapena kusukulu padziko lonse lapansi. Timadalira mawaya awa pantchito, mafoni ndi kuwonera makanema. Chifukwa chake nthawi ina mukadina ulalo kapena kuyika kanema, dziwani kuti mawaya asanu ndi atatu amenewo ndi omwe amanyamula zinthu zolemera. Muli ndi nkhani ya chingwe kapena tip? Siyani ndemanga ndikugwirizana nawo mu zokambirana! Maphunziro abwino kwambiri ndi nkhani zenizeni.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi mawaya asanu ndi atatu omwe ali mu chingwe cha Ethernet amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?

Mawaya asanu ndi atatuwa, omwe adapangidwa m'zingwe zinayi zopindika, amathandizira kutumiza deta ndi mphamvu pakati pa zida za netiweki, kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kuli kodalirika komanso kothamanga kwambiri pomwe akuchepetsa kusokoneza.

Nchifukwa chiyani mawaya a Ethernet amapindika awiriawiri?

Kupotoza mawaya awiriwa mu zingwe zopotoka kumachepetsa kusokoneza kwa maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro za deta zikhale bwino.

Kodi ma waya okhazikika a mawaya a mawaya a Ethernet ndi ati?

Miyezo yodziwika bwino ya ma signali, T568A ndi T568B, imakonza mawaya asanu ndi atatu payokha chingwe cha ethernet chodziwika bwinos mu makonzedwe enaake, kuonetsetsa kuti deta yanu itumizidwa bwino pa netiweki yanu.

Kodi mawaya onse asanu ndi atatu amanyamula deta mu mawaya a Ethernet?

Sizofunikira kwenikweni. Mu ma network a Fast Ethernet wamba, 100 Mbps, ma waya awiriawiri okha ndi omwe amatumiza deta. Komabe, mawaya onse 8 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gigabit ethernet kuti azitha kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito chingwe cha Ethernet ngati mawaya ena awonongeka?

Mawaya osweka kapena odulidwa mu zingwe za netiweki angayambitse kutayika kwa kulumikizana kapena kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono. Mawaya asanu ndi atatu pazingwe zopindika ndizofunikira kuti zigwire bwino ntchito, makamaka pa liwiro la Gigabit Ethernet kapena lapamwamba.

Nchifukwa chiyani zingwe za Ethernet zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawaya?

Kuteteza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa zingwe zopotoka kumapangitsa kuti waya uliwonse udziwike mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyika ndi kuthetsa mavuto zikhale zosavuta.

Kodi zingwe zonse za Ethernet zokhala ndi mawaya asanu ndi atatu ndi zofanana?

Ayi, zingwe za netiweki zimasiyana malinga ndi gulu (cat5e, cat6). Gululi limakhudza liwiro, chitetezo, ndi magwiridwe antchito, ngakhale zonse zili ndi zingwe zisanu ndi zitatu zopindika.