Mu isi y’itumanaho n’ibikorwaremezo by’imiyoboro y’itumanaho iri gutera imbere vuba, icyifuzo cy’ibisubizo bikomeye, bihendutse kandi byoroshye gushyiramo insinga nticyigeze kiba kinini cyane. Mu mahitamo menshi aboneka, harimo Igishushanyo cya 8 Umugozi wa Fiber Optic Igaragara nk'amahitamo akoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi akoreshwa n'abantu benshi, cyane cyane mu gushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu kirere. Iyi nyandiko yuzuye isuzuma imiterere y'insinga za fiber optique ku Ishusho ya 8, isuzuma imiterere yazo yihariye, ikoreshwa ryayo mu buryo butandukanye, imiterere ya tekiniki, n'ibyiza byayo.

Umugozi wa Fiber Optique wo ku Gishushanyo cya 8 ni iki?

Insinga ya fibre optique yo ku Ishusho ya 8, izwi kandi nk'insinga yo mu kirere yishingikirizaho, irangwa n'imiterere yayo yihariye isa n'umubare "8". Iyi miterere ihuza ibice bibiri by'ingenzi mu gice kimwe gifatanye:

1. Igice cy'Intumwa:Umuzenguruko wo hejuru wa "8" ubusanzwe ugizwe n'insinga y'icyuma cyangwa umusego w'icyuma uhambiriye. Iki gice gitanga inkunga ikenewe ya mekanike n'imbaraga zo gukurura, bigatuma insinga ihambirirwa hagati y'inkingi cyangwa izindi nyubako hatabayeho insinga z'inyongera zishyigikira.

2. Igice cy'Insinga z'Ikoranabuhanga:Umuyoboro wo hasi urimo imigozi y'urumuri ubwayo, irinzwe mu muyoboro urekuye cyangwa igice cy'imbere gifunze, ikikijwe n'ingingo zikomeye n'agakingirizo gakingira.

Iyi miterere ihuriweho yoroshya ishyirwaho, igabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi, kandi yongera ubwizerwe muri rusange mu gukoresha fibre zo mu kirere. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo GYTC8S, GYTC8A, na GYXTC8S, buri imwe igenewe imiterere yihariye y'ibidukikije n'umubare wa fibre.

Incamake y'imiterere n'ibice by'ingenzi

Gusobanukirwa imiterere y'umugozi wa fiber optique wo ku Ishusho ya 8 ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ubushobozi bwawo mu mikorere. Reka dusesengure ibice byawo by'ingenzi:

1. Amahitamo ya Messenger Wire

Insinga yo kohereza ubutumwa ni inkingi y'ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho bw'insinga. Harimo:

• Insinga y'icyuma kimwe (Single Steel Wire Messenger):Yoroheje kandi ikwiriye ahantu hagufi (muri munsi ya metero 80-100).

• Insinga z'icyuma zihambiriye:Igizwe n'insinga nyinshi z'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa galvanized (urugero: 7x0.3mm, 7x1.0mm), itanga imbaraga zo gukurura cyane mu gihe kirekire no mu bice bishobora guhura n'umuyaga mwinshi cyangwa urubura.

• FRP (Plastiki Irimo Fibre Reinforced) Intumwa:Ubundi buryo butari ubw'icyuma, bwiza cyane ahantu hashobora gutera inkuba nyinshi cyangwa aho amashanyarazi aba akeneye kwitandukanya.

2. Imiterere y'Insinga z'Ikoranabuhanga

Imigozi y'urumuri irinzwe mu gice cyo hasi cya "8". Imiterere rusange y'ibanze ni iyi:

• Umuyoboro wo hagati urekuye (urugero, GYXTC8S):Fibres zibikwa mu muyoboro umwe wo hagati wuzuyemo gel idapfa amazi. Ziboneka mu cyuma gikingira (harimo kaseti y'icyuma irinda imbeba n'imashini) hamwe n'izindi zitari iz'icyuma.

• Ifite imigozi (urugero, GYTC8S/GYTC8A):Imiyoboro myinshi irekuye, buri imwe irimo imiyoboro, irahambiriwe hafi y'igice cy'imbaraga zo hagati. Ibi bituma habaho umubare munini wa fibre (kugeza kuri cores 144 cyangwa zirenga) kandi ikaba nziza kurushaho, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza mu miyoboro y'umugongo.

3. Ibikoresho birinda imiterere n'ibyifashishwa

• Ibikoresho byo mu muyoboro urekuye:Plastike ifite modulus nyinshi, irwanya hydrolysis ndetse n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije.

• Kuziba amazi:Gushyiramo gel mu miyoboro irekuye n'ubudodo cyangwa kaseti bibyimba amazi mu gice cy'imbere cy'insinga bibuza amazi kwinjira.

• Inzitizi y'ubushuhe:Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa rya Aluminium Polyethylene Laminate (APL) rishyirwa ku gice cy'imbere cy'insinga kugira ngo rikomeze kurinda ubushuhe.

• Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni:

  • HDPE (Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi):Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa hanze, bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imirasire ya UV no kuramba neza.

  • LSZH (Umwotsi Muke Zero-Halogen):Ikoreshwa mu bice aho umutekano w'inkongi ari wo w'ingenzi cyane, nko hafi y'inyubako.

  • Inyongeramusaruro zirinda umuriro:Ongera ubushobozi bwo gutwika ariko ugakomeza koroherana.

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'imikorere

Ishusho ya 8: Insinga za fibre optique zakozwe kugira ngo zihuze n'ibipimo by'imikorere bihamye. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi birimo:

• Umubare wa fibre:Kuva ku nsinga 2 zo guterera kugeza ku nsinga 288+ zo gushyiramo imigozi ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru.

• Ubwoko bwa fibre:Uburyo bumwe (G.652.D, G.657.A1, G.657.A2) bukoreshwa mu gukora intera ndende, hakoreshejwe bandwidth nini, na multimode (OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4) ku ntera ngufi mu bigo cyangwa mu bigo by'amakuru.

• Ingufu zo Gukurura:Bihinduka bitewe n'imiterere y'insinga za messenger, aho imbaraga zo gukurura mu gihe gito akenshi ziba hagati ya 1.000N na 10.000N zirenga.

• Ubushyuhe bwo gukora:Ubusanzwe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +70°C, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza mu bihe bikomeye.

• Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya:Igihombo gito cy'ikimenyetso, urugero, ≤0.4 dB/km kuri 1310nm na ≤0.3 dB/km kuri 1550nm kuri fibre za G.652.D.

• Umwanya wo kugonda:Imirasire ntoya yo kugonda (urugero: 20x umurambararo w'insinga uhinduka, 10x static) kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa fibre mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyikoresha.

• Ubudahangarwa bwo gukanda:Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira igitutu cyo hanze, urugero, 1000N/100mm mu gihe gito.

Ibidukikije bitandukanye byo gukoresha

Uburyo insinga za fiber optique zo ku Ishusho ya 8 zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye butuma zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye:

1. Itumanaho n'uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti (Broadband)

• Imigongo y'itumanaho ryo mu kirere:Guhuza ibiro bikuru n'aho gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.

• FTTH (Fiber to Home) na FTTB (Fiber to the Inyubako):Ni byiza cyane mu guhuza ahantu hatandukanye mu ngo no mu bucuruzi.

• Kwagura umurongo wa internet mu cyaro:Igisubizo gihendutse cyo kwagura imiyoboro mu baturage bo mu cyaro badahabwa serivisi zihagije.

2. Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gucunga umutekano

• Gukurikirana CCTV:Gukoresha amashusho yo kugenzura imihanda minini, gari ya moshi, no mu duce tw’inganda.

• Imiyoboro y'umutekano:Gutanga amakuru yizewe ku bikorwa remezo by'umutekano.

3. Imiyoboro ya Kaminuza n'Inganda

• Ibigo by'uburezi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi:Guhuza inyubako mu karere ka kaminuza.

• Ibikoresho by'inganda:Kurwanya ibidukikije bikomeye mu nganda no mu nganda.

• Imibanire hagati y’inyubako n’inyubako:Guhuza neza inyubako zegeranye.

4. Imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo

• Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi:Gukoresha ubwoko bwa dielectric bwose (hamwe n'intumwa za FRP) ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

• Gari ya moshi n'ubwikorezi:Sisitemu z'itumanaho ku nzira no muri sitasiyo.

• Gahunda z'Umujyi Ukoresha Ubwenge:Gushyigikira ibyifuzo byo guhuza ibikorwa remezo by’umujyi ugezweho.

Ibyiza by'Insinga ya Fiber Optic ya Fiber Optic ku Gishushanyo cya 8

Guhitamo insinga ya Figure 8 bitanga inyungu nyinshi zishimishije:

• Gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye kandi bihendutse:Iyi "insinga" ihuza imiyoboro ikuraho gukenera insinga zitandukanye zo gufunga n'ibindi bikoresho, bigabanya igihe cyo kuyishyiraho n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi ku kigero cya 40-60%.

• Ingufu nyinshi za mekanike n'uburambe:Ingufu nziza cyane zo gukurura, kurwanya gukomereka, no kurinda ibintu bihungabanya ibidukikije nk'imirasire ya UV, ubushuhe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

• Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu:Ikwiriye ahantu hatandukanye, umubare w'ibinyabutabire, n'imiterere y'ibidukikije.

• Kugabanya ibikorwa byo kubungabunga:Imiterere ihamye ituma habaho gutsindwa guke no kugabanuka kw'amafaranga yo kubungabunga mu gihe kirekire.

• Imiterere myiza:Isura isukuye ugereranije n'insinga zifatanye n'insinga zitandukanye zo guhamagara.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho

Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi mu kongera imikorere n'igihe cy'insinga ku Gishushanyo cya 8:

1. Gahunda yo Gutegura Mbere yo Gushyiramo:Gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku hantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi kugira ngo urebe intera iri hagati y’aho hantu, imiterere y’inkingi, ibisabwa mu gusukura, n’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije nk’umuyaga n’umuvuduko w’urubura.

2. Ibikoresho byo gushyira kuri Messenger Wire:Koresha ibikoresho byo guhagarika byagenewe porogaramu zo ku Ishusho ya 8.

3. Gucunga ihungabana:Gumana imbaraga zikwiye—gufunga cyane bishobora kwangiza insinga; gufunga cyane bitera kugwa cyane. Koresha ibikoresho byo gufunga kandi ukurikize amabwiriza y'uwakoze.

4. Ibikoresho byo Gutanga Serivisi:Koresha imigozi y'insinga n'ubuyobozi bishyigikira ibice byombi bya "8" kugira ngo wirinde gucika intege cyangwa guhangayika.

5. Gupfunyika insinga:​ Komeza amabwiriza ntarengwa yo kugonga umurambararo mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no mu gihe uhambiriye insinga ku nkingi.

6. Gutera hasi:Insinga z'icyuma zituma ibintu bihindagurika neza kugira ngo birinde inkuba n'amashanyarazi aturuka ku nkuba.

7. Gushyira hamwe no Guhagarika:Koresha abatekinisiye babishoboye hamwe n'udukingirizo n'uduhuza bikwiye kugira ngo wizere ko nta gihombo kirimo.

Umwanzuro

Umugozi wa Fiber Optique wo ku Gishushanyo cya 8 ni inkingi ikomeye y'imiyoboro ya fibre optique yo mu kirere igezweho, itanga uruvange rw'imbaraga za mekanike, imikorere myiza yo kuwushyiraho, no kugabanya ikiguzi. Imiterere yawo yihariye ijyanye n'ibikorwa bitandukanye, kuva ku kwaguka kwa interineti mu cyaro kugeza ku miyoboro y'itumanaho yo mu mijyi. Mu gusobanukirwa imiterere yawo, imiterere yawo, n'inyungu zawo, ubucuruzi n'abantu ku giti cyabo bashobora gukoresha neza iri koranabuhanga no kwemeza ko ibikubiye mu ikoranabuhanga byabo by'agaciro bigera ku bashaka amakuru n'ibisubizo muri uru rwego. Uko icyifuzo cy'itumanaho ryihuse gikomeza kwiyongera, nta gushidikanya ko umugozi wa Figure 8 uzakomeza kuba ingenzi mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo by'ejo hazaza.