Kuongororwa Kwakakwana kweMabhandi Matanhatu Ekukurukurirana Kwemaziso

2026-06-04

Optical fiber inoita kuti zviratidzo zvienderane nechiedza che infrared chiri mukati me silica core. Zvichidziviswa nekurasikirwa kwe intrinsic silica absorption, Rayleigh scattering, infrared absorption uye hydroxyl water peak attenuation, ma commercial waveband matanhatu akajairika akaenzana muindasitiri yepasi rose ye optical communication: 850 nm, 1310 nm, 1383 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm uye 1625 nm. Ma wavelength aya anofukidza short-range LAN, metropolitan network, long-haul backbone, PON fiber access, optical amplification uye optical fiber testing scenarios. Misiyano yakasiyana iripo mu attenuation coefficient, chromatic dispersion, maximum transmission distance, matching optoelectronic components uye fiber selection pakati pema waveband akasiyana, ayo anoshanda senzira huru yekusarudzwa kwe fiber specification, engineering design uye optical component R&D. Pepa iri rine zvikamu zvitatu zvepakati: ma detailed optical characteristics ema waveband matanhatu, horizontal component ye core fiber technical specifications, uye matching fiber & practical application classification ye wavelength yega yega.

Ongororo Yakakwana yeMabhendi Matanhatu Ekukurukurirana Kwemaziso.jpg

Chitsauko 1 Hunhu Hwakadzama hweMawaveband matanhatu ekukurukurirana kweFiber Classic

1.1 850 nm (Hwindo remafungu mapfupi, Hwindo rekutanga rekutaurirana kwemaziso)

850 nm ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekukurukurirana yakashandiswa chete mukutengeserana ne multimode optical fiber. Kurasikirwa kwayo kukuru kunobva kuRayleigh scattering, iyo attenuation yayo inoenderana nesimba rechina re wavelength. Nekuda kwe short optical wavelength, attenuation yakajairika ye fiber inotangira pa2.5 kusvika 3.0 dB/km, iyo ndiyo yakanyanya kurasikirwa pakati pema waveband matanhatu. Hapana zero-dispersion point iripo pa850 nm; kupararira kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa uye intermodal dispersion zvinowedzera zvakanyanya optical pulses uye zvinoganhurira transmission reach. Kune OM1 neOM2 multimode fiber, amount reach yeGigabit Ethernet i550 m uye 220 m zvichiteerana pa850 nm, nepo 10G Ethernet inotsigira 33 m (OM1) uye 82 m (OM2) chete.

MaLaser Anoburitsa Mvura Pamusoro Akaita Seri (VCSELs) ndiwo manyuko emwenje akajairika ebhendi iyi ane kurongedza kwakabatana, mutengo wakaderera uye hapana chinodiwa chekutonhodza. Kuoma kwekubatanidza kwakaderera kunoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekuvaka sisitimu. Inoderedzwa nekuderera kwakanyanya uye kusapararira, 850 nm inongogumira pakubatanidza matambo mapfupi emukati, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubatanidza data centre uye masisitimu ekubatanidza matambo akarongeka.

1.2 1310 nm (Hwindo reZero-Dispersion, Hwindo reChipiri reKutaurirana)

Yakatemerwa neITU-T standard, 1310 nm ndiyo benchmark zero-dispersion wavelength yeG.652 single-mode fiber. Kupararira kwezvinhu kunodzivirira kupararira kwewaveguide pabhendi iyi, zvichigadzira near-zero chromatic dispersion inenge 0 ps/(nm·km) uye kubvisa pulse distortion inokonzerwa nekupararira pasina mamwe mamodules ekuwedzera ekupararira. Kudzikira kwemukati kwefiber kunoderera kusvika pa0.33~0.38 dB/km pasina hydroxyl water peak absorption inooneka, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa ye point-to-point passive optical transmission.

Laser yeFabry-Perot (FP) ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa 1310 nm ine mutengo uri pakati nepakati. Zvisinei, wavelength iyi iri kunze kwegain spectrum yeEDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier), saka kutumirwa kwedaro refu kunoshandisa electrical-optical relay relay pachinzvimbo che all-optical amplification. Kunze kwekutumira kwesevhisi, 1310 nm ndiyo yakajairika yekuedza wavelength yeOTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugamuchira fiber cable construction uye nzvimbo yefault.

1.3 1383 nm (Hwindo reWater-Peak, Bhendi Rakagadziridzwa reWater-Peak Rakaderera)

Fiber yeG.652A/B ine ma OH⁻ ions akasara kubva pakugadzirwa kwe preform, zvichiita kuti peak yekunyudzwa ive yakasimba pa1383 nm nekuderedzwa kwe20 dB/km, izvo zvakaita kuti wavelength iyi isashandiswe mukutengeserana makumi emakore apfuura. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemvura uye tekinoroji yekugadzira preform ye fiber yeG.652C/G.652D ine mvura shoma, huwandu hwe hydroxide ion inodzorwa pa ppb level, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwemvura iri pasi pe 0.4 dB/km uye zvichigonesa kushandiswa kukuru mukutengeserana.

Ma spectrum aripo anofukidza 1360~1410 nm, achizadza frequency gap iri pakati pe1310 nm ne1490 nm yekuwedzera CWDM channel. Kufanana ne1310 nm, 1383 nm haigone kuwedzerwa neEDFA, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwayo kune short-reach Metropolitan CWDM expansion uye private security monitoring network. Kudzikira kwakajairika kunochengetwa pa0.38~0.42 dB/km.

1.4 1490 nm (S-band Starting Point, Downstream Core Wavelength yeFTTH PON)

Iri pasi peS-band (1460~1530 nm), 1490 nm inotsanangurwa sewavelength yakajairika yeEPON/GPON pasi peprotocol yeITU-T G.984: OLT inotumira data repasi pa1490 nm, nepo ONU ichitumira chiratidzo chekudzoka kumusoro pa1310 nm, zvichiita kuti single-fiber bidirectional transmission isvike kuburikidza newavelength division multiplexing.

Kudzikira kwakajairika kwe1490 nm kunotangira pa0.26 kusvika 0.30 dB/km, kuri nani pane 1310 nm mukushanda kwekurasikirwa; kupararira kwechromatic kunogara kuri pa10 ps/(nm·km), kuchitsigira trunk yePON ODN ye20 km isina muripo wekupararira. DFB laser ine hupamhi hwe spectral hwakamanikana uye kudzora kupisa kwakasimba yakagadzirirwa kutapurirana kwechiratidzo chisina simba mushure mekupatsanurwa kwe optical. Firita yeWDM yakafanana inoparadzanisa masaini ekumusoro neapasi, zvichiita kuti 1490 nm ive wavelength inonyanya kushandiswa yeinternet yepasi rose ye fiber-to-home.

1.5 1550 nm (C-band Core, Hwindo rechitatu rekutaurirana rakadzikira zvakanyanya)

Inozivikanwa sehwindo regoridhe rekutaurirana kwemaziso, 1550 nm iri muC-band (1530~1565 nm), uko silica fiber inosvika pakuderera kwayo kwemukati kwe0.19~0.22 dB/km kuburikidza nemawaveband ese matanhatu. Kureba uku kunoenderana zvakakwana negain spectrum yeEDFA; maDWDM optical carriers akawanda anogona kuwedzerwa panguva imwe chete pasina optoelectronic regeneration, zvichigonesa zviuru zvemakiromita kutumira repeater-free long-haul transmission.

Fiber yeG.652 yakajairika inopa kupararira kwakanaka kwechromatic kutenderedza 17 ps/(nm·km) pa1550 nm, zvichireva kuti DCF (Dispersion Compensation Fiber) yemusana weDWDM wakareba kwazvo. Fiber yeG.655 isina zero inochinja-chinja inoramba iine kupararira kudiki (2~6 ps/(nm·km)) kudzvinyirira Four-Wave Mixing nonlinear effect, yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kweDWDM system ine simba rakawanda. Kunze kwemusana wedaro refu, 1550 nm ndiyo chete inoshanda yeawavelength yeanalog CATV RF optical transmission; DWDM system inokamura C-band kuita machaneli anopfuura 80 akajairwa pa0.8 nm space yekubatanidza musana wesimba rakawanda uye kuvaka tambo dzeoptical dzemugungwa.

1.6 1625 nm (L-band, Mukati mebasa Fiber Monitoring Wavelength)

1625 nm inowira muL-band (1565~1625 nm), inonyanya kushandiswa pakutarisa fiber ye optical online panguva chaiyo uye kuwedzera simba reL-band DWDM. Kudzikira kwayo kwakajairika i0.23~0.25 dB/km pasina kupindirana kwemvura, uye kupararira kwechromatic kunosvika pa22 ps/(nm·km).

Chinhu chikuru chiri mukupatsanurwa kwespectrum kubva kuma wavelengths ebasa (1310/1490/1550 nm). Kuburikidza ne passive WDM coupler, chiedza chekutarisa chinosanganiswa kuita fiber inoshanda pasina kukanganisa data service; online OTDR yakavakirwa pa1625 nm inoita kuti tambo dzionekwe nguva chaiyo, breakpoint uye kurasikirwa kusingawanzoitiki, inova tekinoroji huru yeO&M yakangwara yecarrier-grade backbone cables. Matched L-band EDFA inotsigira kuwedzera kweDWDM kana C-band spectrum resource yapera.

Chitsauko 2 Core Optical Fiber Technical Parameters & Specification Kuenzanisa Kwakatsetseka

Optical fiber inoiswa muzvikamu zviviri: multimode fiber (OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5) uye single-mode fiber (G.652A/B/C/D, G.653, G.655, G.657). Zviratidzo zvikuru zvehunyanzvi zvinosanganisira attenuation coefficient, chromatic dispersion, cutoff wavelength, mode field diameter, macrobending loss uye bandwidth.

2.1 Tsanangudzo yeZviratidzo zveUnyanzvi hweCore

Kudzikira kwesimba (dB/km): Kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi pakiromita imwe neimwe; kukosha kwakaderera kunomiririra daro refu rekutumira, rinokanganiswa nehukuru hwewavelength, zvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye mamiriro ekukombama.
Kupararira kweChromatic (ps/(nm·km)): Musiyano wekumhanya kwekutumira pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvespectral; kukosha kudiki kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwepulse yechiratidzo chekumhanya kwakanyanya.
Hurefu hweMafungu eKucheka: Hurefu hwemafungu hunokosha hwekuparadzira hurefu hwemafungu emhando imwe chete; chiedza chezviitiko chiri pamusoro pehurefu hwemafungu ekucheka chete ndicho chinogona kutumira hurefu hwemafungu emhando imwe chete mukati mepakati.
Kurasikirwa Nekukombama: Kurasikirwa nesimba kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekukombama kwefiber yakasimba; fiber isina kugadzikana yeG.657 ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo pane iyi index.
Diameter yeMunda weMode: Saizi inoshanda yenzvimbo yekuparadzira chiedza mukati memode imwe chete, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza pakati pefiber nemidziyo ye optoelectronic.
Bandwidth (MHz·km): Chikamu chikuru chefiber ye multimode, chinoona kugona kwekutumira data nekukurumidza.

2.2 Kuenzanisa MaParamende eMainstream Fiber Types paMainstream Wavebands matanhatu

2.2.1 Multimode Fiber (850 nm chete, inoenderana ne1310 nm pfupi zvishoma)

Multimode fiber inotambura nekupararira kwakanyanya kwepakati pemodal pa1383/1490/1550/1625 nm uye haigone kutsigira kufambisa kwenzvimbo refu:

OM1 (62.5/125 μm): 3.0 dB/km @850 nm, bandwidth ye200 MHz·km; 33 m yepamusoro ye10G Ethernet.
OM2 (50/125 μm): 2.5 dB/km @850 nm, bandwidth ye500 MHz·km; 82 m yepamusoro ye10G Ethernet.
OM3/OM4 (Yakagadziridzwa neLaser 50/125 μm): OM3:2000 MHz·km, 300 m@10G; OM4:4700 MHz·km,550 m@10G.
OM5: Yakagadziridzwa nemahwindo maviri (850 nm+953 nm), yakagadzirirwa kubatana kwedata re400G repakati pfupi.

2.2.2 G.652 Universal Single-Mode Fiber (Yakazara ine mafungu matanhatu inoenderana neG.652C/D)

G.652A/B (Pamusoro pemvura yakakwira): Haishande pa1383 nm nekuda kwekurasikirwa nekunyudzwa kwemvura inopfuura 5 dB/km; 0.35 dB/km & zero dispersion @1310 nm;0.28 dB/km@1490 nm;0.20 dB/km &17 ps/(nm·km)@1550 nm;0.24 dB/km &22 ps/(nm·km)@1625 nm.
G.652C/D (Pamusoro pemvura): Kubvisa kweOH⁻ kwakagadziridzwa, kuri pasi pe0.4 dB/km@1383 nm, ine mafungu matanhatu akazara, ine fiber inotonga metro uye network yekupinda.
Hurefu hwemafungu ekucheka ≤1260 nm, dhayamita yemunda wemodhi 9.2 μm, mashandiro akajairwa ekukotama.

2.2.3 G.653 Fiber Inopararira Yakachinjwa

Nzvimbo yekupararira kwe zero yakachinja kuenda ku 1550 nm; kupararira kwepedyo ne zero paC-band ukuwo kupararira kwakanyanya pa 1310 nm, zvisina kukodzera marefu mapfupi. Kusanganiswa kweSevere Four-Wave kunoderedza kushandiswa kwayo mu multi-channel DWDM, chete kune single-wavelength ultra-long private line.

2.2.4 G.655 Fiber Isina Kupararira-Yakachinjwa

Kupararira kudiki kwakasara kwe positive pa 1550 nm kuti kuenzane nekupatsanurwa kwe dispersion uye nonlinear depression, chete kune C/L-band backbone DWDM uye transoceanic submarine cable; kushanda zvisina kunaka pa 1310 nm uye pasi pe wavelengths.

2.2.5 G.657 Fiber Isinganzwi Kukombama (FTTH Indoor Drop Cable)

Yakakamurwa kuita A1 (mild bend optimization) uye B2 (ultra-small bending radius); kurasikirwa kwakanyanya pasi pekukombama kwakasimba, inoenderana zvizere nema waveband matanhatu, zvinhu zvakajairwa zveFTTH indoor drop cable uye FTTR home wiring.

Kureba kwewave	850 nm	1310 nm	1383 nm (Pamusoro-pemvura-pazasi)	1490 nm	1550 nm	1625 nm
Kudzikira Kwakajairika (dB/km)	2.5~3.0	0.33~0.38	0.38~0.42	0.26~0.30	0.19~0.22	0.23~0.25

Chitsauko 3 Mamiriro Ekushandisa, Kusarudzwa kweFiber & Kuenzanisa Sisitimu yeMabhandi Matanhatu EmaWave

3.1 850 nm: Kubatana kweData Center neCampus LAN

Fiber Inoenderana: OM1~OM5 yakazara-series multimode fiber chete

Sisitimu yekutumira: Gigabit/10G/25G Ethernet, network yekuchengetera zvinhu zveFiber Channel

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Tambo yekubatanidza macabinet, kubatanidza ma TOR-to-server neinternet mukati me IDC, LAN yekambasi uye tambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri, daro rekutumira: 30 m~550 m

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Soko reVCSEL rinodhura zvishoma uye rakagadzirwa zviri nyore; daro rakaganhurirwa rekutumirwa, fiber yemodhi imwe chete inosungirwa kana daro richipfuura 550 m.

3.2 1310 nm: Metro Point-to-Point Private Line & Standard Fiber Bvunzo

Fiber Inoenderana: G.652 yakazara & G.657; kashoma G.653/G.655

Sisitimu yekutumira: Mutsetse wekare weSDH/MSTP wakarendwa, mukana wekuwana fiber yerima kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, kuyedzwa kwekugamuchirwa kwefiber yeOTDR

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Mutsetse wepachivande pakati pemaguta, nzira yekupinda nemaziso yakatsaurirwa kubhizinesi, network yekupinda nemagetsi yemuno, nzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika ≤80 km; relay yemagetsi yekuwedzera yedaro refu

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Kusapararira zvachose kunodzivirira kukanganisa masaini nemidziyo yakakura; haiwanikwe pakuwedzera kweEDFA all-optical, zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiviwa ne1550 nm DWDM yekubatanidza mawaya marefu.

3.3 1383 nm: Kuwedzera kweMetro CWDM kweSpectrum Yemutengo Wakaderera

Fiber Inoenderana: G.652C/D & G.657 chete; hazvishande pahuwandu hwemvura yakawanda G.652A/B

Sisitimu yekutumira: 8/16-chiteshi cheCWDM coarse wavelength division multiplexing

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Network yeCATV yega yega yeguta, kuwedzera fiber yemabasa akawanda yepaki yemaindasitiri, masisitimu ekutarisa migodi nekuchengetedza, inosvika ≤40 km

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Kushandiswa zvakanaka kwespectrum pasina kuiswa kwefiber itsva; kusawedzera kweEDFA kunodzivisa kuiswa kwe ultra-long distance.

3.4 1490 nm: Kupinda kweFiber yeFTTH PON yepasi rose

Fiber Inoenderana: G.652D yekutakura zvinhu zvemukati + G.657 yetambo yekudonhedza yemukati

Sisitimu yekutumira: EPON/GPON/10G PON, ine faibha imwe chete (1490 pasi, 1310 kumusoro, 1550 yekuwedzera CATV)

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Kupinda kweBroadband mudzimba, network yeFTTO yakazara-optical yebhizinesi, trunk yeODN yemakiromita makumi maviri + mukati me5 km yemukati memutsetse wekudonhedza mukati

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Kushandiswa kweOLT kwakavakirwa paPassive splitter-based centralized, single fiber inotsigira vashandisi vekupedzisira 64-128; inova hwaro hwekuvaka kweinternet yefiber yepasi rose.

3.5 1550 nm: Kutakurwa Kwemusana Kwemusana weDWDM NeCATV

Fiber Inoenderana: G.652 ye metro DWDM, G.655 yetambo yenyika yemusana neyomugungwa, G.653 yetambo yega yega yakareba-refu

Sisitimu yekutumira: DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexing, analog CATV RF optical transport, 100G/400G high-speed backbone system

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Tambo yekutakura matangi pakati pematunhu, tambo yemagetsi inoyambuka gungwa, network yeCATV HFC ine fiber; kuwedzera kwemagetsi kunobatsirwa neEDFA kunoita kuti magetsi asadzokorore makiromita chiuru pasina kudzokorora.

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Kudzikiswa kwefiber kushoma pamwe chete netekinoroji yeEDFA yakakura inotsigira kugona kwefiber imwe chete padanho reterabit; mutengo wakakwira wezvikamu zvepamusoro zveDWDM optical.

3.6 1625 nm: Kutarisa Cable Iri Mubasa & Kuwedzera DWDM Yebhendi reL

Fiber Inoenderana: Mhando dzese dzefaibha dzemhando imwe chete dzinosanganisira G.652/G.655/G.657

Sisitimu yekutumira: Puratifomu yekutarisa yeOTDR yepamhepo, michina yekuwedzera yeL-band DWDM

Kushandiswa Kwakajairika: Kutarisa kwakangwara panguva chaiyo yetambo yemusana yemutakuri, yambiro yekutanga isingapindike yekukanganisa kwetambo yakavanzika, kuwedzera kugona mushure mekuzara kweC-band spectrum

Hunhu & Kusakwana: Hapana basa rekuita kuti pave nekutarisa pasina kumira kwetambo, zvinobudirira kupfupisa nguva yekushanda kwetambo; inonyanya kushandiswa kune network yehunyanzvi hweO&M.

Mhedziso

Mabhandi matanhatu ekukurukurirana akajairika anoumba sisitimu yekushandisa network ye optical yakavakirwa pahunhu hwe silica optical: 850 nm inotonga matambo emukati me multimode mapfupi; 1310 nm inoshanda seyedzo yekutanga ye single-mode uye wavelength yemutsetse wega; 1383 nm supplements CWDM vacant spectrum; 1490 nm inotonga FTTH passive optical access; 1550 nm inoshanda sepakati pe backbone ye long-haul uye CATV transmission; 1625 nm inonyanya kuongorora mashandiro e fiber online asingapindike. Kusarudzwa kwe fiber kunotevera mutemo we wavelength-oriented: multimode fiber ye 850 nm short-range links, G.652D/G.657 ye 1310/1383/1490 access network, G.655 non-zero dispersion fiber ye 1550 long-haul DWDM, G.657 bend-insensitive fiber ye indoor FTTH wiring.

Zvichitungamirirwa nekuvakwa kwenetwork ye5G bearer, kubatana kukuru kwedata centre uye FTTR full-home fiber deployment, G.652D ine mvura shoma uye G.657 inodzivirira kukotama zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova zvinhu zvikuru zvefiber mumusika wepasi rose we optical. Kudiwa kwekuwedzera kweCWDM kwe1383 nm uye L-band 1625 nm kunoramba kuchikura gore rega rega; 850 nm multimode inochengetedza nzvimbo yepakati yekubatanidza kumhanya kwepfupi, nepo 1550 nm ichiramba iri hwindo regoridhe risingatsiviwi rekutaurirana kwe optical kwenguva refu zvichienderana netekinoroji yeEDFA yakakura. Kugona kuderedza, kupararira, mamiriro ekubatanidza fiber uye muganhu unoshanda wema waveband matanhatu zvinopa rutsigiro rwepfungwa huru rwekusarudza fiber specification, dhizaini yeinjiniya ye network ye optical uye kugadzirisa kugona kwe network iripo.

Taura Nesu, Wana Zvigadzirwa Zvemhando Yepamusoro uye Basa Rekungwarira.

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