Cikakken Bincike Kan Manyan Raƙuman Sadarwa Guda Shida

2026-06-04

Fiber na gani yana samar da watsa sigina ta hanyar cikakken haske na ciki na hasken infrared a cikin tsakiyar silica. An takaita shi ta hanyar asarar shaye-shaye na silica, watsawar Rayleigh, shaye-shaye na infrared da raguwar kololuwar ruwa na hydroxyl, manyan raƙuman ruwa guda shida na kasuwanci an daidaita su a masana'antar sadarwa ta gani ta duniya: 850 nm, 1310 nm, 1383 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm da 1625 nm. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna rufe LAN na ɗan gajeren zango, hanyar sadarwa ta birni, kashin baya mai tsayi, damar samun fiber na PON, haɓaka haske da yanayin gwajin fiber na gani. Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban a cikin ƙimar ragewa, watsawar chromatic, matsakaicin nisan watsawa, abubuwan da suka dace da optoelectronic da zaɓin fiber tsakanin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, waɗanda ke aiki azaman ƙa'idodi na asali don zaɓin ƙayyadaddun fiber, ƙirar injiniya da R&D na ɓangaren gani. Wannan takarda ta ƙunshi sassa uku na asali: cikakkun halaye na gani na raƙuman ruwa guda shida, kwatancen kwance na ƙayyadaddun fasaha na fiber na tsakiya, da kuma daidaita zare & aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace don kowane tsawon rai.

Cikakken Bincike Kan Manyan Raƙuman Sadarwa Guda Shida.jpg

Babi na 1 Cikakkun Halayen gani na Fiber Communication Wave Maps guda shida na Gargajiya

1.1 850 nm (Taga mai gajeren zango, Tagar Sadarwa ta Farko)

850 nm shine farkon zangon sadarwa na kasuwanci wanda aka yi amfani da shi musamman don zare mai amfani da na'urori masu yawa. Tushen asararsa mafi rinjaye ya samo asali ne daga watsawar Rayleigh, wanda raguwarsa ta yi daidai da ƙarfin zango na huɗu. Saboda ɗan gajeren zangon gani, raguwar zare ta yau da kullun tana tsakanin 2.5 zuwa 3.0 dB/km, mafi girman matakin asara tsakanin madaukai shida. Babu wurin watsawa sifili a 850 nm; haɗakar watsawa da watsawa ta hanyar sadarwa suna faɗaɗa bugun gani sosai kuma suna iyakance isar watsawa. Ga zare mai amfani da na'urori masu yawa na OM1 da OM2, matsakaicin isar Gigabit Ethernet shine 550 m da 220 m bi da bi a 850 nm, yayin da 10G Ethernet ke tallafawa 33 m (OM1) da 82 m (OM2) kawai.

Na'urorin Laser masu fitar da haske a saman rami (VCSELs) sune tushen haske na yau da kullun ga wannan band tare da ƙaramin marufi, ƙarancin farashi kuma babu buƙatar ƙarin sanyaya. Ƙananan wahalar haɗawa yana rage farashin gina tsarin sosai. Iyakance shi da manyan lahani na warwatsewa da raguwa, 850 nm an iyakance shi ga kebul na ɗan gajeren zango na cikin gida, wanda aka yarda da shi sosai a cikin haɗin cibiyar bayanai da tsarin kebul na tsari.

1.2 1310 nm (Tagar Watsawa ta Zero-Rarrabawa, Tagar Sadarwa ta Biyu)

An tsara shi ta hanyar ƙa'idar ITU-T, 1310 nm shine ma'aunin tsawon sifili na zare na G.652 guda ɗaya. Yaɗuwar abu yana magance yaɗuwar jagorar raƙuman ruwa a wannan band, yana samar da yaɗuwar kusan sifili a kusa da 0 ps/(nm·km) kuma yana kawar da karkacewar bugun jini da ya haifar ta hanyar yaɗuwa ba tare da ƙarin kayan diyya na yaɗuwa ba. Ragewar zaren cikin ciki ya faɗi zuwa 0.33 ~ 0.38 dB/km ba tare da bayyanannen shan ruwa mai hydroxyl ba, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mafi kyau don watsawa ta gani mai wucewa daga maki zuwa maki.

Laser ɗin Fabry-Perot (FP) shine babban mai fitar da iskar lantarki na tsawon nm 1310 tare da matsakaicin farashin kayan aiki. Duk da haka, wannan tsawon raƙuman ruwa ya faɗi a waje da kewayon EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier), don haka watsawa mai nisa ya dogara ne akan relay na sake farfadowa na lantarki maimakon ƙarawa ta atomatik. Bayan watsawa ta sabis, 1310 nm shine tsawon gwaji na asali don OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), wanda ake amfani da shi a duk duniya don karɓar ginin kebul na fiber da wurin da ya lalace.

1.3 1383 nm (Tagar Ruwa-Kololuwa, Ƙungiya Mai Ingantaccen Ruwa-Kololuwa)

Zaren G.652A/B na al'ada mai tsari ɗaya ya ƙunshi ragowar ions OH⁻ daga ƙera preform, yana haifar da ƙololuwar sha mai ƙarfi a 1383 nm tare da raguwa sama da 20 dB/km, wanda hakan ya sa wannan tsawon ruwan ba ya samuwa don amfanin kasuwanci shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Godiya ga ingantaccen bushewar ruwa da fasahar preform ta roba don ƙaramin matakin G.652C/G.652D fiber, ana sarrafa yawan ion hydroxide da ya rage a matakin ppb, yana rage asarar kololuwar ruwa ƙasa da 0.4 dB/km kuma yana ba da damar amfani da manyan sikelin kasuwanci.

Bakan da ake da shi yana rufe 1360~1410 nm, yana cike gibin mita tsakanin 1310 nm da 1490 nm don faɗaɗa tashar CWDM. Kamar 1310 nm, 1383 nm ba za a iya ƙara shi ta hanyar EDFA ba, wanda ke iyakance aikace-aikacensa ga faɗaɗa CWDM na birni mai saurin isa da kuma hanyar sadarwar sa ido kan tsaro ta sirri. Ana kiyaye raguwar da aka saba yi a 0.38~0.42 dB/km.

1.4 1490 nm (Mafita daga S-band, Tsarin Raƙuman Ruwa na Ƙasa don FTTH PON)

Dangane da S-band (1460~1530 nm), an bayyana 1490 nm a matsayin daidaitaccen tsawon ƙasa na EPON/GPON a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar ITU-T G.984: OLT yana aika bayanai daga ƙasa a 1490 nm, yayin da ONU ke aika siginar dawowa daga sama a 1310 nm, yana tabbatar da watsawar fiber guda ɗaya ta hanyar ninka yawan rabe-raben raƙuman ruwa.

Ragewar da aka saba samu daga 1490 nm yana daga 0.26 zuwa 0.30 dB/km, wanda ya fi ƙarfin 1310 nm a cikin asarar aiki; watsawar chromatic yana kasancewa kusan 10 ps/(nm·km), yana tallafawa akwati na PON ODN na 20 km ba tare da diyya ba. Laser na DFB tare da kunkuntar layin layi da kuma sarrafa zafin jiki akai-akai an sanye shi don watsa sigina mai rauni bayan rabuwar gani mara aiki. Matatar WDM da aka daidaita tana ware sigina daga sama da ƙasa, wanda hakan ya sa 1490 nm ya zama mafi yawan amfani da tsawon rai don samun damar intanet ta fiber-to-home a duniya.

1.5 1550 nm (C-band Core, Mafi ƙarancin asara Tagar Sadarwa ta Uku)

An san shi da taga mai launin zinare na sadarwa ta gani, 1550 nm yana cikin C-band (1530~1565 nm), inda zare na silica ya kai matsakaicin raguwar sa na 0.19~0.22 dB/km a cikin dukkan madaurin raƙuman ruwa guda shida. Wannan tsawon raƙuman ruwa ya dace da yanayin samun EDFA; ana iya ƙara yawan masu ɗaukar na'urorin DWDM a lokaci guda ba tare da sake farfaɗo da optoelectronic ba, wanda ke ba da damar watsawa ta dubban kilomita ba tare da maimaitawa ba tsawon lokaci.

Fiber ɗin G.652 na yau da kullun yana gabatar da watsawar chromatic mai kyau a kusa da 17 ps/(nm·km) a 1550 nm, yana buƙatar DCF (Dispersion Compensation Fiber) don kashin baya mai tsayin DWDM. Fiber ɗin da ba shi da sifili na G.655 yana riƙe da ƙaramin watsawar saura (2 ~ 6 ps/(nm·km)) don danne tasirin haɗawar Huɗu mara layi, wanda aka inganta don tura tsarin DWDM mai ƙarfi. Baya ga kashin baya mai nisa, 1550 nm shine zangon aiki na musamman don watsawar gani ta analog CATV RF; Tsarin DWDM yana raba C-band zuwa tashoshi sama da 80 da aka daidaita a tazara ta 0.8 nm don hanyar sadarwa mai girma da gina kebul na gani na ƙarƙashin ruwa.

1.6 1625 nm (L-band, Tsarin Kula da Fiber a Cikin Aiki)

1625 nm yana faɗuwa cikin layin L (1565~1625 nm), wanda aka tsara musamman don sa ido kan fiber na gani na kan layi na ainihin lokaci da kuma faɗaɗa ƙarfin DWDM na layin L. Ragewar sa ta yau da kullun shine 0.23~0.25 dB/km ba tare da tsangwama ga kololuwar ruwa ba, kuma watsawar chromatic ta kai kimanin 22 ps/(nm·km).

Babban fa'idar tana cikin keɓancewa daga raƙuman ruwa na sabis (1310/1490/1550 nm). Ta hanyar haɗin WDM mara aiki, ana haɗa hasken sa ido cikin fiber mai aiki ba tare da katse ayyukan bayanai ba; OTDR na kan layi wanda ya dogara da 1625 nm yana gano tsufa na kebul a ainihin lokaci, wurin fashewa da asara mara kyau, wanda ya zama babbar fasaha don O&M mai hankali na kebul na baya-bayan nan na mai ɗaukar kaya. EDFA mai daidaitawa yana goyan bayan faɗaɗa DWDM lokacin da albarkatun bakan C-band suka ƙare.

Babi na 2 Sigogi na Fasaha na Fiber na gani & Kwatanta Kwance

An rarraba fiber na gani zuwa zare mai yawa (OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5) da zare mai yanayi ɗaya (G.652A/B/C/D, G.653, G.655, G.657). Manyan alamun fasaha sun haɗa da rage yawan aiki, watsawar chromatic, tsawon tsayin daka na yankewa, diamita na filin yanayi, asarar macrobending da bandwidth.

2.1 Ma'anar Manyan Manuniyar Fasaha

Ragewa (dB/km): Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a kowace kilomita; ƙarancin ƙima yana wakiltar tsawon nisan watsawa, wanda tasirin tsayin tsayi, kayan aiki da yanayin lanƙwasa suka shafa.
Watsawar Chromatic (ps/(nm·km)): Bambancin saurin watsawa tsakanin sassan haske daban-daban; ƙaramin ƙima yana rage karkacewar bugun jini don siginar sauri mai girma.
Tsawon Wave na Yankewa: Mahimmin tsawon wave don yaɗuwar yanayi ɗaya; hasken da ya faru ne kawai a sama da tsawon wave na yankewa zai iya watsawa azaman yanayi ɗaya a cikin tsakiya.
Asarar Lanƙwasawa: Ƙarin asarar wutar lantarki da lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi ke haifarwa; fiber mai lanƙwasawa wanda ba shi da hankali G.657 yana da kyakkyawan aiki akan wannan ma'aunin.
Girman Filin Yanayi: Girman tabo mai tasiri na hasken da ke yaɗuwa a cikin tsakiyar yanayi ɗaya, yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ingancin haɗin kai tsakanin zare da na'urorin optoelectronic.
Bandwidth (MHz·km): Babban ma'auni don zare mai yawa, wanda ke ƙayyade ƙarfin watsawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci mai sauri.

2.2 Kwatanta Sigogi na Nau'ikan Fiber Mainstream a Faɗin Raƙuman Ruwa Shida

2.2.1 Fiber mai yawan aiki (850 nm na musamman, dacewa da ɗan gajeren nesa na 1310 nm)

Fiber mai yawan amfani yana fuskantar mummunan yaɗuwar intermodal a 1383/1490/1550/1625 nm kuma ba zai iya ɗaukar aikin watsawa mai nisa ba:

OM1 (62.5/125 μm): 3.0 dB/km @850 nm, 200 MHz·km bandwidth; matsakaicin mita 33 don 10G Ethernet.
OM2 (50/125 μm): 2.5 dB/km @850 nm, bandwidth 500 MHz·km; matsakaicin mita 82 don 10G Ethernet.
OM3/OM4 (An inganta shi ta hanyar Laser 50/125 μm): OM3:2000 MHz·km, 300 m@10G; OM4:4700 MHz·km,550 m@10G.
OM5: An inganta tagar taga biyu (850 nm+953 nm), an keɓance shi don haɗin cibiyar bayanai ta 400G na ɗan gajeren zango.

2.2.2 G.652 Universal Single-Mode Fiber (Cikakken mai-waveband shida ya dace da G.652C/D)

G.652A/B (Kololuwar ruwa mai yawa): Ba a amfani da shi ga 1383 nm saboda asarar sha fiye da 5 dB/km; 0.35 dB/km & sifili watsawa @1310 nm;0.28 dB/km@1490 nm;0.20 dB/km &17 ps/(nm·km)@1550 nm;0.24 dB/km &22 ps/(nm·km)@1625 nm.
G.652C/D (Ƙaramin kololuwar ruwa): An inganta cire OH⁻, ƙasa da 0.4 dB/km@1383 nm, cikakken madaurin igiyoyi shida yana samuwa, fiber mai rinjaye don metro da hanyar sadarwa ta shiga.
Tsawon tsayin yankewa ≤1260 nm, diamita na filin yanayi 9.2 μm, aikin lanƙwasa na yau da kullun.

2.2.3 G.653 Zaren da aka canza watsewa

An canza wurin watsawa na sifili zuwa 1550 nm; watsawa kusan sifili a C-band yayin da watsawa mai yawa a 1310 nm, bai dace da gajerun raƙuman ruwa ba. Haɗin Haɗawa Mai Tsanani na Wave Four yana iyakance amfaninsa a cikin DWDM mai tashoshi da yawa, kawai don layin sirri mai tsayin zango ɗaya.

2.2.4 G.655 Zaren da ba ya warwatsewa da sifili

Ragewar da ta rage a 1550 nm don daidaita diyya ta warwatsewa da kuma dannewa mara layi, musamman ga ƙashin bayan C/L-band DWDM da kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa mai zurfi; rashin aiki mai kyau a 1310 nm da ƙasa da raƙuman ruwa.

2.2.5 G.657 Lankwasawa-Insecutive Fiber (FTTH Indoor Drop Cable)

An rarraba shi zuwa A1 (inganta lanƙwasa mai sauƙi) da B2 (radius mai ƙanƙanta); ƙarancin asara a ƙarƙashin matsewa mai ƙarfi, cikakke dacewa da madaurin raƙuman ruwa guda shida, kayan aiki na yau da kullun don kebul na FTTH na cikin gida da wayoyi na gida na FTTR.

Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa	850 nm	1310 nm	1383 nm (Ƙaramin kololuwar ruwa)	1490 nm	1550 nm	1625 nm
Ragewar da Aka Saba Yi (dB/km)	2.5~3.0	0.33~0.38	0.38~0.42	0.26~0.30	0.19~0.22	0.23~0.25

Babi na 3 Yanayin Aikace-aikace, Zaɓin Zaren Zare & Kwatancen Daidaita Tsarin don Madaurin Wave Shida

3.1 850 nm: Cibiyar Bayanai & Haɗin LAN na Harabar

Fiber Mai Daidaita: OM1~OM5 cikakken jerin fiber multimode kawai

Tsarin Watsawa: Gigabit/10G/25G Ethernet, hanyar sadarwar ajiya ta Fiber Channel

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Igiyar faci ta kabad, haɗin kai na ɗan gajeren lokaci tsakanin TOR da sabar a cikin IDC, LAN na harabar jami'a da kebul na sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, nisan watsawa: 30 m ~ 550 m

Daraja & Lalaci: Madogarar VCSEL mai araha da kuma sauƙin gini; iyakataccen nisan watsawa, fiber mai yanayi ɗaya dole ne idan nisan ya wuce mita 550.

3.2 1310 nm: Layin Keɓaɓɓen Metro Mai Ma'ana-zuwa-Maki & Gwajin Fiber na yau da kullun

Fiber Mai Daidaita: G.652 cikakken kewayon & G.657; ba kasafai ake samun G.653/G.655 ba

Tsarin WatsawaLayin gargajiya na SDH/MSTP, hanyar samun damar fiber mai duhu daga maki zuwa maki, gwajin karɓar fiber na OTDR

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Layin banki mai zaman kansa tsakanin birane, hanyar samun damar gani ta kamfani, hanyar sadarwa ta gida mai ɗaukar kaya, matsakaicin isa ga tsawon lokaci ≤80 km; ƙarin hanyar ba da wutar lantarki don nisan nesa mai tsawo

Daraja & Lalaci: Sifili-watsawa yana guje wa karkacewar sigina tare da kayan aiki masu girma; ba ya samuwa don ƙara girman haske na EDFA, a hankali an maye gurbinsa da 1550 nm DWDM don hanyar sadarwa mai tsayi.

3.3 1383 nm: Faɗaɗa Bakan Gizo Mai Sauƙi na Metro CWDM

Fiber Mai Daidaita: G.652C/D & G.657 kawai; ba shi da inganci ga kololuwar ruwa mai tsayi G.652A/B

Tsarin Watsawa: 8/16-channel CWDM mai kauri mai tsawon zango mai yawa

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Cibiyar sadarwa ta CATV mai zaman kanta ta matakin birni, faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa don wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, tsarin sa ido kan ma'adinai & tsaro, matsakaicin isa ≤40 km

Daraja & Lalaci: Amfani da bakan da ya dace ba tare da sabon shimfiɗa zare ba; babu wani ƙarin EDFA da ke iyakance amfani da shi a nesa mai nisa.

3.4 1490 nm: Samun damar Fiber na FTTH na Duniya

Fiber Mai Daidaita: G.652D don akwatin ciyarwa + G.657 don kebul na ɗigon cikin gida

Tsarin Watsawa: EPON/GPON/10G PON, fiber guda ɗaya mai juyawa biyu (1490 ƙasa, 1310 sama, 1550 don zaɓin murfin CATV)

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Samun damar intanet na gidaje, cibiyar sadarwa ta FTTO ta kamfani, 20 km ODN akwati + cikin layin saukarwa na cikin gida mai nisan kilomita 5

Daraja & Lalaci: Tsarin OLT mai tsaga-tsaga wanda aka tsara ta hanyar raba abubuwa marasa tsari, fiber guda ɗaya yana tallafawa masu amfani da ƙarshen 64 ~ 128; ya zama tushen tsarin gina hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber na duniya.

3.5 1550 nm: Dogon Jigilar DWDM da Kashi na Baya da CATV na gani

Fiber Mai Daidaita: G.652 don metro DWDM, G.655 don kebul na ƙasa da na ƙarƙashin ruwa, G.653 don layin sirri mai tsayin zango ɗaya

Tsarin Watsawa: DWDM mai yawa na rabe-raben raƙuman ruwa mai yawa, jigilar gani ta CATV RF analog, tsarin kashin baya mai sauri 100G/400G

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Kebul na akwati tsakanin larduna, kebul na gani na jirgin ruwa na transceanic, cibiyar sadarwa ta CATV HFC mai fiber; fadada haske mai amfani da EDFA yana samar da watsawa ba tare da maimaitawa ba na kilomita dubu

Daraja & Lalaci: Mafi ƙarancin rage girman fiber tare da fasahar EDFA mai girma tana tallafawa ƙarfin fiber guda ɗaya na matakin terabit; babban farashi ga kayan aikin gani na DWDM masu inganci.

3.6 1625 nm: Kula da Kebul na Cikin Aiki & Faɗaɗa DWDM Mai L

Fiber Mai Daidaita: Duk nau'ikan fiber iri ɗaya, gami da G.652/G.655/G.657

Tsarin Watsawa: Dandalin sa ido na OTDR akan layi, kayan aikin faɗaɗa DWDM na L-band

Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba: Sintirin zamani mai wayo don kebul na baya mai ɗaukar kaya, gargaɗin gaggawa mara katsewa game da matsalar kebul da aka ɓoye, faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki bayan cikar bakan C

Daraja & Lalaci: Babu wani aiki na tsarin sabis don cimma sa ido ba tare da tsayawa ba, rage lokacin aikin gyaran kebul yadda ya kamata; galibi ana amfani da shi ne don cibiyar sadarwar O&M ta ƙwararru.

Kammalawa

Raƙuman sadarwa guda shida na yau da kullun suna samar da tsarin aikace-aikacen hanyar sadarwa mai layi bisa ga halayen silica na gani: 850 nm yana mamaye kebul na cikin gida mai yawa na gajeren zango; 1310 nm yana aiki azaman gwajin yanayi ɗaya na asali da tsawon layin sirri; kari 1383 nm na CWDM mara komai; 1490 nm yana sarrafa damar gani mai wucewa ta FTTH; 1550 nm yana aiki azaman tushen kashin baya mai tsayi da watsa CATV; 1625 nm ya ƙware a cikin sa ido kan ayyukan fiber akan layi mara katsewa. Zaɓin fiber yana bin ƙa'idar da ke da alaƙa da tsawon zango: fiber mai yawa don hanyoyin haɗin gajerun zango 850 nm, G.652D/G.657 don hanyar sadarwa ta 1310/1383/1490, fiber watsawa mara sifili na G.655 don DWDM mai tsayi 1550, fiber mai lanƙwasa-marasa hankali na G.657 don wayoyi na FTTH na cikin gida.

An gina hanyar sadarwa mai ɗaukar kaya ta 5G, haɗin cibiyar bayanai mai sauri da kuma tura fiber mai cikakken gida ta FTTR, G.652D mai ƙarancin ruwa da G.657 masu jure lanƙwasa suna zama manyan ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fiber a kasuwar gani ta duniya. Bukatar faɗaɗa CWDM na 1383 nm da L-band 1625 nm yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa kowace shekara; 850 nm multimode yana riƙe da matsayi na tsakiya don haɗin kai mai sauri na ɗan gajeren lokaci, yayin da 1550 nm ya kasance taga zinare da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba don sadarwa mai nisa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar haɓaka EDFA mai girma. Ƙwarewa wajen rage raguwa, halayyar watsawa, yanayin daidaita fiber da iyakokin raƙuman ruwa guda shida suna ba da babban goyon bayan ka'ida don zaɓin ƙayyadaddun fiber, ƙirar injiniyan hanyar sadarwa ta gani da inganta ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa da ke akwai.

Tuntube Mu, Sami Kayayyaki Masu Inganci da Sabis Mai Kulawa.

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kara karantawa

2026-07-13

Tare da babban aikin tura FTTH Fiber zuwa Gida, cibiyoyin bayanai na AI, 5G fronthaul, wayoyi masu cikakken tsari na cikin gida, ƙaramin sadarwa na FPV drone da kuma gina ƙarancin gyaran wutar lantarki a duk duniya, fiber na gargajiya na G.652D yana fama da matsanancin asarar lanƙwasawa da ƙarancin sararin wayoyi, wanda ke takaita tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa na gani mai sauri. An tsara shi ta ITU-T, fiber na yanayin lanƙwasa mai tsari ɗaya na G.657 an ƙera shi musamman don ƙananan kusurwoyin juyawa, wayoyi masu yawa da yanayin bututun micro. Manyan samfuran guda uku, fiber mai juriya ga lanƙwasa na G.657.A1, fiber mai juriya ga lanƙwasa mai haɓaka G.657.A2 da fiber mai juriya ga lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi na G.657.B3, suna ɗaukar bayanan martaba na refractive da aka taimaka wa rami, kuma suna gabatar da bambance-bambancen maki a cikin mafi ƙarancin radius mai lanƙwasa, diamita filin yanayi da aikin rage gudu. Suna rufe buƙatun cikakken yanayi daga wayoyi masu araha na gida zuwa wayoyi na musamman masu matuƙar rikitarwa.