Ngā taura muka papaki Mā ngā hononga SC, LC, FC, me ST i roto i ngā momo APC, UPC rānei, me ngā taura simplex, takirua rānei, ka honoa ngā taputapu whatunga mō te whakawhiti raraunga tere, pumau hoki. He āhua me te taunga motuhake tō ia momo hononga, nō reira he whānuitia ngā whatunga SC me LC, engari he pai te mahi a FC me ST i roto i ngā taiwhanga me ngā whirihoranga tawhito. Ka whakaitihia e ngā hononga APC te ngaronga tohu, ā, ka whakaratohia e te UPC he oro paerewa taketake. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura simplex ki te huarahi kotahi, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura takirua ki te huarahi rua i te wā kotahi. Ka āwhina ēnei kōwhiringa ki te whakataurite i ngā whakaritenga whatunga, ahakoa mō te whānui o te whatunga kāinga, ngā LAN umanga, ngā pokapū raraunga nui rānei. Ka whakarite mātou i te nuinga o tēnei pou hei wehewehe i ēnei momo, hei whakamārama i te wāhi e pai ana mō rātou, ā, ka tuku tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te taura tika.

Te Wetewete i te Anatomi o te Taura Papaki Muka

Ehara i te taura noa te taura muka whatu; he wāhanga nui ia mō te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga. He maha ngā paparanga o tōna hanganga, ko te matua matua e tuku ana i ngā tohu mārama. Ka ārai te hipoki i te turuturu o te mārama, ko te paninga ia e tiaki ana i te muka. Ka honoa ngā mea katoa e te koti hei tiaki nui ake, ā, ka āwhina i te tautuhi. Ka whai wāhi ia paparanga ki te mahi a ngā taura muka whatu i roto i ngā tono waea me ngā tono whatunga tere-tiketike.

Te Matua

Kei waenganui te uho o te taura muka whatu, ā, ko te mahi matua ko te neke i te mārama mai i tētahi pito ki tētahi pito. Ko tōna whānui, i roto i ngā maikorona, he 9 µm mō te aratau kotahi, he 50/62.5 µm rānei mō te aratau maha. Ko te momo uho e whiriwhiria e koe, pērā i muka aratau-kotahi, e whakatau ana i te tere me te tawhiti. Ko te karāhe te tikanga mō te mahi teitei, ko te kirihou ia he pai mō ngā hononga poto, iti ake te kaha. He rerekē te kounga o te matua i roto i ngā tere raraunga. Ko te muka aratau-kotahi, e tohua ana ko OS1, ko OS2 rānei, e whakamahi ana i te matua iti hei tuku mārama atu me te iti ake o te whakaiti, ko te muka aratau-maha ia e rite ana ki ngā whakarōpūtanga OM1 ki te OM5 mō ngā tere raraunga me ngā tono rerekē.

Te Whakatakotoranga

Ka awhi te hipoki i te uho me te taupū whakaata iti ake, kia mau tonu ai te whiti o te mārama ki roto. Mā tēnei ka pakari te tohu i ngā tawhiti roa, inā koa i roto i ngā taura papaki muka whatu. Ko te diameter o te hipoki, he pumau tonu i te 125 µm, he mea nui ki te whakatau i te mahi a te muka. Ko te nuinga o ngā hipoki he karāhe, ko ētahi muka iti te utu e whakamahi ana i te kirihou. Ka hoatu e te hipoki he ngāwari me te kaha, ka taea ai te taura muka kia piko ake, kia kore ai e whati.

Te Paninga

He paparanga ngohengohe te paninga, e tiaki ana i te karāhe o te taura papaki muka whatu mai i ngā piko, ngā whatu, me te wai. Ko te tikanga he acrylate, he silicone rānei, ka whakarato i te kaha tāpiri, ā, ka ārai i te horapa o ngā kapiti. Ka āwhina tēnei paparanga pakari ki te pupuri i te tohu kia mārama, he mea nui mō te tuku raraunga tere i ngā wāhi uaua, pērā i ngā whatunga tipu o waho, te tiaki i te roa o te taura me te tiaki i te tohu mai i ngā piko moroiti.

Te Koti

Ko te koti te anga o waho o te taura muka whatu. Ka ātete ki te puehu, te wai, me te pānga, kia mau tonu ai te mau mō ngā taiao rerekē. Ka taea te hanga i ngā koti ki te PVC mō ngā tono whānui, ki te LSZH rānei mō ngā wāhi haumaru ahi. Ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki ngā koti motuhake me ngā whakatauranga ahi teitei. Hei tauira, mā te waehere tae, ko te kōwhai mō te aratau kotahi, ko te karaka rānei mō te OM1, ka āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi wawe i ngā taura papaki muka e tika ana i roto i te paparanga pukumahi. Ka tiakina e te koti te taura, ā, ka taea te āwhina ki te whakarite i ngā whirihoranga whatunga hohonu, uaua.

He aha ngā momo taura muka papaki?

Ka hono ngā taura muka papaki i ō taputapu whatunga me te whai hua me te tika. He maha ngā momo, ia momo kua arotauhia mō tētahi tono motuhake, mō tētahi whirihoranga whatunga rānei. He mea nui tāu whiriwhiri i te taura muka papaki; he pōturi te whatunga, he tapahi rānei i te wā mahi i ngā kōwhiringa hē. Ko ētahi taura e whakamahi ana i te muka kotahi (simplex) mō ngā tohu kotahi-ara, ngā tukuwhiti BiDi rānei, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā aho e rua (duplex) mō te rere raraunga rua-ara. He rerekē ngā taura muka papaki i runga i te hononga, te rahi o te matua muka, te momo whakakanapa, me te rauemi koti. Kei raro nei he whakarāpopototanga poto o ngā momo matua:

• Ngā momo hononga SC, LC, FC, me ST

• Ngā hanganga taura simplex me te takirua

• Aratau-kotahi (matua 9 µm), aratau-maha (matua 50/62.5 µm)

• Ngā akomanga muka OM1–OM5, OS1, OS2

• PC, UPC, APC oro, tae atu ki te koki 8° i runga i te APC

• Ngā rauemi koti PVC, LSZH, me OFNP

• Ngā taura ranu me ngā hononga ranu

Ko te kimi i te momo hononga tika ko te whakauru i te hononga ki ō taputapu me ngā whakaritenga whatunga. Ka pā te whakauru ki te tere, te pono, me ngā whakapainga. Mā te whakaranu i ngā momo hononga, pērā i ngā taura ranu, ka taea te hora i waenga i ngā pūnaha tawhito me ngā pūnaha hou, ka ngāwari ake te urutau i te whatunga.

1. Ngā Hononga SC

Ngā hononga SC e mōhiotia ana mō ō rātou hoahoa tapawhā, pana-tōia, e ngāwari ai te whakamahi ahakoa i roto i ngā whata whatunga kī tonu. He iti te ngaronga whakaurunga, ā, he maha ngā huringa hononga e mau ana, e pai ai mō ngā taura papaki muka whatu. He maha ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā pokapū waea e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki te SC mō ngā hononga pono, nā te mea ka mahi pai me ngā muka muka aratau-kotahi me ngā muka aratau-maha, e whakarite ana i tētahi kōwhiringa pono, whānui-whakamahinga.

2. Ngā Hononga LC

Ngā hononga LC, i hangaia mō ngā taiao kiato-rahi, he mea nui mō ngā whatunga tere, whānui-rahi e iti ana te wāhi. Mā te taura 1.25mm ka taea te hono atu i ngā hononga maha atu i roto i te papa kotahi, he mea tino pai mō ngā pana hou, ngā pouara, me ngā pokapū raraunga. Kāore ēnei hononga muka whatu e whakaiti i te tere, e whakarite ana i te tuku raraunga tere ahakoa i roto i ngā tatūnga kiato.

3. Ngā Hononga FC

Ngā hononga FC Ka whakamahia he hoahoa pakari, he miro hoki e mau tonu ana, he mea pai mō ngā wāhi he nui te nekehanga, te wiri rānei, pērā i ngā wheketere, i ngā pourewa waea rānei. Mā te momo wiri ka taea te whakarite i te hononga pono, ka ārai i te ngaronga tohu i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Mō te mahi tino pai, ka pai te mahi a ngā taura muka whatu aratau-kotahi me te FC, he mea nui te tika.

4. Ngā Hononga ST

Ngā hononga ST whakamahia he whakairinga bayonet me te nekehanga takai-raka māmā, e hua ai te whakapiri tere me te whakawhiti tere, he mea tino pai mō ngā whatunga tawhito, mō ngā taiwhanga whakangungu rānei. He maha ngā kura me ngā wāhi tawhito e whakamahi tonu ana i te ST nā te mea he ngāwari ki te ako. He pai ake te hono atu o te ST ki ngā taura whakapiri muka whatu maha-aratau, e tuku raraunga ana ki ngā akomanga, ki ngā taputapu tawhito rānei.

5. Ngā Huinga Ranu

Ngā taura papaki ranu, pērā i te taura papaki muka lc plenum duplex, ka whakakotahi i ngā momo hononga i ia pito. He tino whai hua te hono i te LC ki te SC, ki te ST rānei ki te FC ina whakauruhia ngā pana hou me ngā panera papaki tawhito. Mā ēnei huinga ka whakakorea te hiahia mō ngā urutau, ka tere ake te whakatinanatanga i roto i ngā whatunga ranu, ka piki ake te rongonui o ngā taura papaki muka.

Tukunga Simplex, Tukunga Duplex rānei

E rua ngā momo matua o ngā taura muka whatu: ngā taura muka whatu māmā me ngā taura muka whatu takirua. E whakaahua ana ēnei kupu i te ahunga e rere ai ngā raraunga mā roto i ngā hononga muka whatu, e pā ana ki te hoahoa whatunga me te whai huatanga.

1. Kotahi te aho muka e whakamahia ana e Simplex mō te tuku i te ahunga kotahi. Ka haere ngā raraunga mai i te pūwāhi A ki te pūwāhi B, kāore he ara hoki. He māmā noa iho, koia te take he pai mō ngā mahi kāore e hiahia ana ki tētahi urupare.

2. E rua ngā aho muka o te Duplex hei tuku i ngā taha e rua. Ka haria e te aho kotahi ngā raraunga ki te taha kotahi, ā, ka haria e te aho tetahi atu ki te taha kē, pērā i te huarahi tere e rua ngā ara, he rerekē te ahunga o ia ara. Ka haurua te Duplex ina tuku i te taha kotahi i te wā kotahi, ā, ka kī ina tuku i ngā taha e rua i te wā kotahi.

3. Ko te whānui o te hononga me te tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ēnei whakaritenga. He māmā te Simplex, he iti te whānui o te hononga mō ngā mahi kotahi-ara. Ka whakanuia e te Duplex te whānui o te hononga, ā, ka taea ai ngā rerenga raraunga e rua-ara, wā-tūturu.

4. He rerekē te whiriwhiri i te momo tika. Tērā pea ka whakawhāitihia te kaha o te whatunga, ka moumou rauemi rānei mēnā he whakatau hē. Ko te mea nui ko te whakauru i te taura ki tō tono.

Ngā Whakamahinga Simplex

Ka tiaho ngā taura pātaki Simplex i roto i ngā hononga pūwāhi-ki-pūwāhi, pērā i te tuku mōhiohio mai i tētahi pūoko ki tētahi taputapu aroturuki. Kāore e hiahiatia kia tukuna atu he mōhiohio, nō reira ka pai te mahi a tētahi aho muka. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake, ka ātaahua ake hoki ngā tāutanga, inā koa he iti te wāhi.

He maha ngā wā ka toa ngā taura Simplex i ngā kaupapa utu iti. He iti ake ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana, ā, mā te hononga kotahi ka iti ake ngā utu. Ko te iti o te raruraru ka iti ake te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru, ngā pōhēhētanga rānei i a koe e mahi ana i ngā mahi tiaki.

He whakamahinga motuhake a Simplex. Ka whakamahia pinepinetia tēnei hoahoa e ngā pūoko ahumahi, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā whāngai pāho rānei. Mēnā kotahi anake te huarahi e hiahiatia ana hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka noho pai, ka māmā hoki te mahi a Simplex.

Ngā Whakamahinga Takirua

Ka horapa ngā taura whakapiri takirua ki ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā LAN. Me rere tonu ngā raraunga i ngā taha e rua o ēnei whakaritenga, pērā i te wā e kōrero ana ngā rorohiko ki ngā tūmau, e waea VoIP rānei.

Nā te hoahoa ka taea e koe te tuku me te whiwhi i te wā kotahi, he āhuatanga nui mō ngā tono wā-tūturu. Ehara i te mea ka penapena wā anake tēnei engari ka whakapiki ake i te pono, inā koa i ngā wāhi kī tonu i te tangata ka raru pea te pupuri i te raina. Ko ngā taura takirua te whiringa taunoa mō ngā wā e hiahia ana koe ki te tere, te ngāwari o te rere, te huarahi-rua.

Mā ngā whirihoranga takirua ka pai te rere o ngā whatunga i raro i te kawenga. Ka ārai i ngā aukati mā te tuku i ngā raraunga kia rere whakamua me te kore e tatari kia tae mai te mutunga o te taha kē. Koia te take e pai ai te takirua mō ngā taiao e nui ana te haere o ngā raraunga, ā, he mea nui te wā mahi me te tere.

Ngā Take Pōrana: APC vs. UPC

He mea nui te whakakanapa i te hononga mō ngā taura muka. Ko te āhua o te whakakanapa i te mata o te pito ka pā ki te pai o te haere o te tohu mā te hononga, ka pā ki te ngaronga o te māramatanga me te whakaata, ka pā pea ki te kounga o te hononga muka whatu. Ko te APC (Angled Physical Contact) me te UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) ngā momo whakakanapa rongonui e rua, he mahi motuhake tā ia i roto i ngā whatunga muka.

Te Mahi a te UPC

He papatahi, he paku piko rānei te mata o ngā hononga UPC. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hoahoa hou te ngaronga whakaurunga, ka taea ai te whiti atu i te mārama me te iti o te aukati. He pai ēnei hononga mō ngā whakaurunga waea pūkoro noa e rite ana te mahi, ā, me pupuri tonu te iti o ngā ngaronga, engari kaua e whakaiti rawa.

He maha ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whatunga hinonga e whakamahi ana i ngā hononga UPC. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te whakawhiti tere me te pono i ngā raraunga nui. He pai ngā momo UPC mō te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha, nō reira he pai mō ngā mea katoa mai i ngā panera papaki poto ki ngā hononga tuara uaua.

Mahi APC

He oro whakakoi 8° te pito o ngā hononga APC ki te pito o te ferrule. Mā tēnei honga ka whakaata te mārama i tētahi koki, kaua e hoki tika ki raro i te muka. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te tohu kei whakaata whakamuri, ā, ka whakaiti i te mea e mōhiotia ana ko te ngaronga whakahoki.

Ko te APC te whiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā tono e iti ana te ngaronga tohu ka raru tonu. He pai rawa atu ngā tuku tawhiti, ngā whatunga muka aratau kotahi, ngā mahi whatu tino tika rānei mō ēnei hononga. Ka pupuri tonu i te tohu kia ma, kia pakari hoki, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā poupou pouaka whakaata, whānui, me ngā poupou waea e haere ana i ngā tawhiti tawhiti. Ehara i te mea mō ngā tono katoa, engari ki te hiahia koe ki te mea pai rawa atu, ka pai te APC.

Ngā Tohu Tirohanga

He māmā noa iho te tautuhi i ngā hononga APC me UPC ina mōhio koe ki ngā mea hei tirotiro. Ko te tikanga, he kakariki ngā hononga APC, he kikorangi ngā hononga UPC. Mā tēnei tohu tae ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te kimi wawe i te mea tika, ahakoa me tirotiro e koe te aratohu a tō kaihanga nā te mea ka rerekē pea ngā tae.

Mā te āhua ka kitea he tohu. He papatahi te mata o te UPC, ā, he koki ngā mata o te APC. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei tohu ka ārai i te whakapoauau i te wā tāutanga, nā te mea kāore e taea te whakawhiti i ngā hononga APC me te UPC me te kore he urutau. Mā te tika o tēnei ka iti ake ngā hapa, ā, ka nui ake ngā hanganga muka pakari.

He Whakamārama mō te Aratau Takitahi o te OS2

Ko te taura papaki muka whatu aratau kotahi OS2 tā mātou tino pai mō te haere roa, tere-teitei. Ngā muka aratau kotahi OS2: He aha i tino iti ai te ngaronga, i hangaia mō ngā whatunga whakatipuranga hou e tuku raraunga nui ana i ngā tawhiti roa. He rerekē ki te muka maha-aratau matua-poto, he angiangi ngā muka OS2, ā, i hangaia hei tuku mārama ki roto mō ngā kiromita. Ko te mea e kukume ana i konei ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te pono o te tohu, ahakoa i roto i ngā horopaki wero pēnei i ngā taura papaki muka o waho, i ngā whatunga tāone nui rānei. Ko te OS2 te whiringa mō ngā pokapū waea me ngā pokapū raraunga me tetahi whirihoranga e nui ake ai te tawhiti me te tere i te utu.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau

| Tawhiti Mōrahi | 10,000 m neke atu rānei | Aratau Kotahi OS2 Kua Whakamāramahia | Whānuitanga o te Ipurangi | Kāore he rohe tūturu | Reiti Raraunga e Tautokona ana | 1 Gbps ki te 100 Gbps neke atu rānei |

He mea nui ngā āhuatanga motuhake nā te mea ka tautuhia ngā rohe o ngā āheinga o tō whatunga. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te hanga i tētahi tuarā e kore e hiahiatia he whakahoutanga i ia tau torutoru, ka āwhina ēnei tatauranga i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te taura tika. Ko te iti o te whakaitiiti o te OS2 ka iti ake te ngaronga o te tohu, nō reira kāore koe e manukanuka ki ngā pūorooro, ki ngā whakakaha rānei mō ngā oma puta noa i te tāone, puta noa i te whenua rānei. Mō ngā mahi tere, ngā hononga rānei i waenga i ngā pokapū raraunga nui, ko ēnei āhuatanga motuhake ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te okioki mārie.

Te Manawanui ki te Taiao

He taniwha te muka OS2. Ka haere tonu ahakoa te kino o te rangi, ahakoa te hukapapa, te werawera, te mākū rānei. Mā te hanganga o te taura ka taea te karo i te makuku me te pāmahana tino kino, ā, he mea pai mō ngā mahi tipu o waho. Ka kitea e koe kei raro i ngā tiriti, kei waenganui rānei i ngā pourewa, ka tū pakari ki te ua, te hukarere, te rā werawera rānei. Nā tōna hoahoa pakari ka iti ake ngā motuhanga me te iti ake o te tiaki, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā whatunga e kore e taea te motu.

Nō reira, i ngā wāhi uaua pērā i ngā kauhanga, i ngā ara maunga rānei, ka tino kitea te pakari o OS2. Kua whiriwhiria mō ngā mahi ka whati, ka memeha rānei tētahi atu taura, ā, ka roa te wā e kore ai e pāngia e te ahotea.

Te Whakatūpato i te Ao o Mua

Mā te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi OS2 ka āwhina i ngā whatunga kia mau tonu ki ngā hangarau hou. Ka tīmata koe me ngā hononga 1 Gbps, kātahi ka neke ki te 10, 40, tae atu rānei ki te 100 Gbps i muri mai me te kore e whakarerekē i te taura muka. Kua hangaia kia tauinehia, nō reira, i te mea ka piki haere ngā tono raraunga, pērā i te 5G, te mahi mamao, me ngā hanganga tāone hono, kua rite te OS2. Koia te take e whakamahia ai e ngā kamupene waea nui me ngā pokapū raraunga, me te mōhio kāore e tawhito wawe. He peti mohio tēnei mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te waihanga i tētahi whatunga e kore e tōia koe ki raro.

Te Mahere Kōwhiringa o te Ao Tūturu

Mā te matihiko kōwhiringa o te ao tūturu ka whakamārama i te arai kōwhiringa i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura papaki muka whatu. Ka tohua ngā kōwhiringa kē atu i runga i ngā āhuatanga nui pēnei i te utu, te whai huatanga, te pai rānei, ka mārama, ka whai kiko hoki ngā kōwhiringa. Mā tēnei huarahi pūnaha ka whakaiti i te whakaaro pākiki, ā, ka whakaatu ki a koe te ngā taupatupatu, ehara i te utu whakapiripiri anake. Anei tētahi tauira o te āhua o te wiri o ngā āhuatanga i roto i tētahi matihiko kōwhiringa, me ngā taumaha e tohu ana i te mea tino nui mō tētahi kaupapa noa.

| Mahi | 0.3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 |

| Hototahi | 0.2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 |

| Ngāwari ki te Whakamahi | 0.1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |

| Wātea | 0.1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 |

| Te Whakatūpato i te Ao o Āpōpō | 0.1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 |

Utu vs. Mahi

• Kōwhiria te taura tika mā te whai whakaaro ki te tahua, te whānuitanga o te kaupapa me ngā matea ā meake nei.

• Ko ngā mea iti ake te utu he hononga, he papanga rānei he māmā noa iho, ā, e kore e tu.

• He nui ake te utu i te tīmatanga mō ngā taura kounga teitei me ngā hononga kounga teitei (pērā i te APC), ā, ka taea te penapena nui i te wā whakatika me te wā kore mahi.

• Me whakaū tonu mēnā he mea tino hiahiatia te mahi teitei mō tāu mahi i te tuatahi. Ki te kore, he nui rawa tāu whakapaunga moni.

He maha ngā wā ka whakatauhia e te utu iti te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi me ngā hononga. Mō ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti raraunga, ka whiriwhiria pea ngā hononga SC, LC rānei nā te mea he ngāwari te tiki me te iti o te utu. Heoi, he mea whakaaro nui te haumi ki ngā taura muka whatu kounga teitei mēnā ka whānui te whatunga, ka tautoko rānei i te tuku raraunga tere, ka hua ake he penapena mō te wā roa me te iti o te wā whakatā.

Taiao Whatunga

• Me whakamahi ngā taura takirua kiato teitei mō ngā pokapū raraunga. Ka taea e ngā tari te whakamahi i te taura simplex.

• Ko ngā momo peke roa e hiahiatia ana he iti te mate pērā i te APC. Ko ngā peke poto ka taea te whakamahi i te UPC.

• Ko ngā taputapu whakauru me taurite ngā momo taura papaki ki ngā tauranga taputapu.

• Me whakamahi he koti pakari, he taura ārai rānei mō ngā wāhi taratara, o waho rānei.

Ko ngā whatunga hohe e nui ana te haere o ngā raraunga me whai mahi teitei ake, me whai parenga pakari hoki, nā reira he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te taura muka whatu tika. He mea nui anō hoki te tawhiti; ko ngā tawhiti e hiahiatia ana he taura muka whatu takirua hei pupuri i te ngaronga tohu iti. Mā te whiriwhiri i te taura muka whatu tika mō tō taiao ka ārai i ngā raruraru ā muri ake nei.

Ngā Tono mō te Taupānga

Ko ētahi taiao e hiahia ana ki ngā whakautu ahurei. E aro nui ana ngā pokapū raraunga ki te wāhi, nō reira ko ngā taura LC takirua ngā mea tino pai. Ka taea e ngā whirihoranga waea te whakamahi i ngā hononga FC mō ngā hononga mārō, ahakoa ka pakaru. Ka whakamahia ngā taura papaki me te whakakanapa APC ki ngā wāhi e tika ana te parakore o te tohu, pērā i ngā hononga ataata.

He āhuatanga motuhake kei ia mahi: te tere, te ngaronga, te taunga, te tipu rānei ā muri ake nei. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he taura takirua me ngā taunga kikī mō ngā whatunga tere ake. I te tere haere me te iti haere o ngā taputapu, me tumanako ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā taura whakapiri. Mā te mōhio ki ngā mea hou ka taea e koe te hokohoko atamai!

Whakamutunga

Hei whiriwhiri i te taura muka tika, me hoki ki ngā kaupapa taketake. Mō: taura muka sc lc fc st apc/upc momo taura simplex/duplex. He pai ia taura mō te mahi me te momo taputapu. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura simplex i te huarahi kotahi, engari ka tukuna ngā raraunga duplex i ngā huarahi e rua. Ka whai wāhi hoki ngā momo Polish. Ka whakaratohia e te APC me te UPC ngā taumata tohu rerekē me te whakaiti. He pai te aratau kotahi OS2 mō ngā oma roa. Ka tautuhia e ia kōwhiringa te mahi me te haumarutanga o tō whatunga. Hei tauira, me whai taura LC duplex te hōhipera he maha ngā taputapu mō te mahi pono. I tetahi atu taha, me whai taura OS2 aratau kotahi me te SC/APC te pokapū raraunga he roa ngā whata mō te tere mōrahi. He whakaritenga motuhake kei ngā whirihoranga katoa. Inaianei tirohia ō taputapu. Pātai atu mēnā kua mau. Tukua tō whatunga kia mahi māu.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te taura muka papaki?

Ka hono te taura muka whatu, inā koa he taura muka whatu me ngā hononga i ia pito, i ngā taputapu whatunga hei tuku raraunga tere mā roto i ngā pao māmā.

He aha te tikanga o ngā kupu SC, LC, FC, me ST i roto i ngā taura muka?

Ko te SC, LC, FC, me te ST he momo hononga muka whatu, he mea hanga ia mō ngā tono motuhake, hei whakarite i ngā hononga haumaru me te pumau i roto i ngā taura papaki muka rerekē.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā taura muka simplex me ngā taura muka duplex?

Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura muka simplex i te kotahi anake te huarahi, engari ka taea e ngā taura muka whatu takirua te tuku raraunga tere mā te tuku i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rua i te wā kotahi.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā hononga APC me ngā hononga UPC?

Ko ngā hononga APC, e mōhiotia ana mō ō rātou pito koki, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakaata, ka pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā taura papaki muka whatu mahi teitei. He rerekē, he pito papatahi ngā hononga UPC, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino hira te whakaata tohu.

He aha te tikanga o te muka aratau kotahi OS2?

Kua hangaia te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi OS2 mō te tuku raraunga tawhiti, tere-tiketike, kia iti ai te ngaronga tohu, kia pai ai hoki mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero nui.

Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā taura muka simplex me ngā taura muka duplex?

Kōwhiria he muka whatu māmā mō ngā hiahia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi-ara, pērā i ngā pūoko. Kōwhiria he taura muka whatu takirua mō te whakawhiti raraunga rua-ara, he mea nui mō te nuinga o ngā hononga whatunga.

Āhea ahau me whakamahi i ngā hononga APC hei utu mō te UPC?

Kōwhiria ngā hononga APC mō ngā hononga tika, tawhiti rānei, nā te mea ka whakaitihia te whakaata tohu i roto i ngā tono taura papaki muka whatu.