Kua noho te taura muka whatu hei poutokomanawa mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou, e tautoko ana i te ipurangi tere-nui, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā pokapū raraunga, te hanganga 5G, te aunoatanga ahumahi, me ngā tāone atamai. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura parahi tuku iho, ka nui ake te whānui o te hononga o ngā taura muka whatu, ka iti ake te ngaronga tohu, ka roa ake te tawhiti tuku, ā, ka pai ake te ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko.

Ko tētahi o ngā pātai e pātaihia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga, ngā kaimahi kirimana, me ngā kaihoko ko:

Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o te taura muka whatu?

I te nuinga o te wā, ka roa te wā e mau tonu ai te taura muka whatu kua tāutahia, kua tiakina hoki. 25 ki te 50 tau, neke atu rāneiHeoi, ko te roa o te ora tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te momo taura, te taiao tāutanga, te kounga o ngā rauemi, ngā āhuatanga pāmahana, te tiaki makuku, te ahotea miihini, me ngā mahi tiaki.

Hei tauira:

• Tērā pea ka roa te taura muka whatu o roto 20–30 tau i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaeretia.
• Ka roa pea te taura muka whatu o waho 30–50 tau.
• Ka taea e te taura muka whatu tanumia tika me te tiaki ā-wai me te tiaki ā-whare matatau te neke atu i te 50 tau i roto i ngā taiao e tika ana.
• Ko ngā taura muka whatu e tāutahia ana ki ngā taiao ahumahi, ki raro whenua rānei, me whakakapi i mua ake pea.

Mā te mārama ki te roa o te ora o ngā taura muka whatu ka āwhina i ngā kaipupuri whatunga ki te whakatau haumi pai ake, me te karo hoki i ngā utu whakakapinga kore e hiahiatia.

He aha te roanga o te ora o te taura muka whatu?

Ko te roanga o te ora o te taura muka whatu kei waenganui i te 25 me te 50 tau.

Kāore ngā taura muka whatu e kawe i ngā tohu hiko, he rerekē ki ngā taura parahi. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i ngā pāoro o te mārama mā roto i ngā muka karāhe. Nā te mea kāore ngā muka karāhe e pangia e te waikura pērā i ngā ara iahiko parahi, ka taea e ngā taura muka te pupuri i te mahi pumau mō ngā tekau tau ina tiakina tika.

Ko ngā wāhanga matua e whakatau ana i te roa o te ora o te taura muka whatu ko:

1. Matua muka whatu
2. Koti taura
3. Ngā mema kaha
4. Ngā rauemi ārai wai
5. Hanganga ārai
6. Kounga tāutanga

Ka taea e tētahi taura muka whatu kounga teitei i hangaia mō ngā mahi o waho te mahi pono tonu mō ngā tekau tau.

Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu mā te Momo Taura

He rerekē te roa o te ora e tumanakohia ana mō ngā hoahoa taura muka whatu rerekē.

1. Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu o Waho

Kua hangaia ngā taura muka whatu o waho kia tū atu ki ngā wero taiao pēnei i te ua, te hihi o te rā, te huringa pāmahana, te hau, me te pēhanga tinana.

Te roanga o te ora:

30–50 tau

Ko ngā momo taura muka whatu o waho e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:

• Taura muka whatu ADSS
• taura muka whatu GYTS
• ME te taura muka whatu
• Taura muka ārai GYTA53
• Taura muka whatu tanumia tika
• Taura muka whatu OPGW

Kei roto i ēnei taura ngā āhuatanga tiaki pēnei i:

• Ngā koti polyethylene (PE) ātete-UV
• Ngā rauemi ārai-wai
• Ngā hoahoa ngongo wetekina
• He pukupuku rīpene maitai
• pukupuku konumohe
• Whakakaha miro aramid

Hei tauira, ko te taura ADSS kua tāutahia ki ngā pou tuku hiko ka taea te mahi mō ngā tau neke atu i te 25 ina whiriwhiria te hoahoa taura me te taputapu tāutanga tika.

2. Te Roa o te Taura muka whatu o raro whenua

He maha ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamahi ana i ngā taura muka whatu i raro i te whenua nā te mea he pai rawa atu te tiakitanga ā-tinana o ngā taura kei raro i te whenua.

Ka roa te mau o tētahi taura muka whatu i raro i te whenua kua tāuta tika:

30–50 tau

Ko te roa o te ora e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Te hohonutanga o te tanumanga
• Ngā āhuatanga o te oneone
• Te pānga ki te wai
• Te tiaki i ngā kiore
• pukupuku taura
• Ngā paerewa tāutanga

Ko ngā taura muka whatu e tanumia tika ana he tikanga kei roto ko te tiakitanga tāpiri pēnei i:

• He pukupuku rīpene maitai
• Pūtu waea maitai
• Puranga PE takirua
• Hangarau ārai wai, hangarau ārai wai maroke rānei

Ka āwhina ēnei āhuatanga ki te aukati i:

• Te urunga o te makuku
• Te pakaru o te kino
• Ngā whakaekenga a ngā kiore
• Te kino o te pēhanga oneone

Heoi, mā te tāutanga kino o te taura i raro i te whenua ka tino whakapoto i te roa o te ora.

3. Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu o Roto

Kei roto i ngā taura muka whatu o roto ngā mea e tāuta ana:

• Ngā Whare
• Ngā pokapū raraunga
• Ngā Tari
• Ngā rūma whakawhitiwhiti kōrero

Nā te mea he iti ake ngā taumahatanga taiao o roto, ka roa te ora o ēnei taura:

20–30 tau, neke atu rānei

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te roa o te ora o te muka o roto ko:

• Piko taura
• Te werawera
• Te kino o te tinana
• Ngā tikanga tāutanga ngoikore

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā taura muka o roto o ēnei rā ngā koti LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen), e whakarato ana i te mahi haumaru pai ake i roto i ngā whare arumoni.

Ka pirau te taura muka whatu i roto i te wā?

Ae, ka taea e te taura muka whatu te pirau i roto i te wā, engari he tino puhoi te tukanga pirau.

He tino pumau te muka karāhe. Ko te nuinga o ngā pakaru ehara i te mea nā te matua muka whatu engari nā ngā rauemi o waho e karapoti ana.

Ko ngā tino take o te pakaru o te taura muka whatu ko:

1. Te kino o te makuku

Ko te wai tētahi o ngā tūmomo mōrearea nui ki ngā taura muka whatu.

Ina uru te makuku ki roto i te taura:

• Ka piki ake pea te whakaitiiti o te whatu
• Ka heke pea te kaha o te muka
• Tērā pea ka heke te mahi a te hononga
• Tērā pea ka pāngia te pono mō te wā roa

Ko ngā taura muka whatu o waho kounga teitei e whakamahi ana i ngā hoahoa ā-wai hei ārai i te kino o te makuku.

Ngā tauira:

• Ngongo wetewete kī tonu i te tiēre
• Rīpene ārai-wai maroke
• Miro ārai-wai

2. Te kino o te hihi UV

Ka pāngia tonutia ngā taura o waho e te rā.

Ka taea e te hihi ultraviolet te kino haere i te kiri o waho, ka puta:

• Te pakaru o te koti
• Te koroheketanga o ngā rauemi
• Te whakaiti i te tiaki ā-mīhini

Ko ngā taura muka whatu o waho e whakamahi ana i ngā koti PE ātete-UV hei whakapai ake i te roa.

3. Ngā Huringa Pāmahana

Ka pāngia te mahi a te taura e te tino pāmahana.

Ko ngā raruraru noa e pā ana ki te pāmahana ko:

• Te whānui me te whakawhāiti
• Te whakanui ake i te whakaiti
• Te koroheketanga o te koti
• Te ahotea ā-mīhini

Ko te nuinga o ngā taura muka whatu o waho kua hangaia kia mahi i roto i te tata ki:

-40°C ki te +70°C

Ka taea e ngā taura muka ahumahi motuhake te tautoko i ngā awhe pāmahana whānui ake.

4. Te ahotea ā-ringa

He tairongo ngā taura muka whatu ki ngā kaha miihini nui rawa.

Ko ngā pūtake kino pea ko:

• Te nui rawa o te kume
• Pūtoro piko piripono
• Te pēhanga kuru
• Tāutanga hē

He mea tino nui te tāutanga tika, nā te mea ka pakaru pea te taura i te wā e whakatinanahia ana i muri i ngā tau maha.

Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te roanga o te tauera muka whatu

Ko te roa o te mahi a te taura muka whatu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga nui.

1. Te Kounga o te Taura me te Kōwhiringa Rauemi

Kāore e rite te kounga o ngā taura muka whatu katoa.

Ko ngā taura kounga teitei ake e whakamahi ana i:

• muka whatu kounga teitei
• Ngā koti kaha ake
• Ngā rauemi ārai wai pai ake
• Ngā pūnaha whakapakari pono

Tērā pea ka koroheke wawe ngā taura utu iti nā te mea:

• Ngā rauemi pūtu rawakore
• muka kounga iti
• Te ngoikore o te tiakitanga makuku

Mō te haumitanga whatunga mō te wā roa, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaihanga taura muka whatu pono.

2. Taiao Tāutanga

He nui te pānga o te wāhi tāutanga ki te roanga o te ora o te taputapu.

Tāutanga Ātea

Ka pāngia ngā taura muka rererangi e:

• Hau
• Te utaina o te huka
• Te mārama o te rā
• Ngā huringa pāmahana

Kua hangaia te taura ADSS me te taura muka figure-8 mō ngā tono rangi.

Tāutanga o raro whenua

Ko ngā mata o ngā taura o raro whenua:

• Pēhanga oneone
• Te pānga ki te wai
• Ngā kiore
• Ngā kino o te hanganga

He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā taura muka whatu ārai.

Tāutanga o roto

Ko ngā taura o roto e anga ana ki:

• Te nekehanga ā-tinana
• Wera
• Te ahotea piko

3. Te Kounga o te Tāutanga

Ahakoa te taura muka whatu pai rawa atu, ka pakaru wawe tonu mēnā ka tāuta hētia.

Ko ngā hapa tāutanga noa ko:

• Te nui rawa atu o te kume kume
• Te kore aro ki te radius piko iti rawa
• Te koretake o te tiaki hononga
• Te rokiroki taura hē
• Whakamutu hē

Ka taea e te tāutanga ngaio te whakaroa ake i te roa o te ora o te taura.

Me pēhea te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora o te taura muka whatu

Ahakoa ka roa ngā taura muka whatu mō ngā tekau tau, he mea nui te tāutanga me te tiaki tika kia roa ai te ora o ngā taura.

Anei ngā huarahi tino whai hua hei whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te taura muka whatu.

1. Kōwhiria te Momo Taura muka whatu tika mō te tono

Ko te whiriwhiri i te hoahoa taura tika tētahi o ngā mea tino nui e pā ana ki te pono o te taura mō te wā roa.

He rerekē ngā hanganga taura muka whatu e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taiao rerekē.

Mō ngā tono ā-rangi

Ngā taura e taunakitia ana:

• Taura muka whatu ADSS
• Pikitia 8 taura muka tautoko-whaiaro
• Taura OPGW

Kua hangaia ēnei taura kia tu atu ki:

• Te pēhanga o te hau
• Te utaina o te huka
• Te pānga o te UV
• Tāutanga roa-roa

He tino rongonui te taura ADSS nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he waea karere whakarewa, ā, ka taea te tāuta tata ki ngā raina hiko ngaohiko teitei.

Mō ngā tono o raro whenua

Ngā taura e taunakitia ana:

• taura muka whatu GYTS
• ME te taura muka whatu
• Taura muka whatu ārai GYTA53
• Taura muka whatu tanumia tika

Ka whakaratohia e ēnei taura he parenga ki:

• Te urunga o te wai
• Pēhanga oneone
• Te kino o te kiore
• Pānga o waho

Ko te tikanga, ka roa ake te ora o ngā taura muka whatu ārai i roto i ngā taiao kino o raro whenua.

Mō ngā Whatunga FTTH

Ngā taura e taunakitia ana:

• Taura taka FTTH
• Taura taka papatahi GJXFH
• Taura muka whatu GYFXTBY

Ko ngā taura FTTH he mea hanga mō:

• Ngā whare noho
• Ngā hononga muka-ki-te-kāinga
• Whakauru atu ki ngā whatunga

Ko te roanga o te ora o rātou i te nuinga o te wā:

20–30 tau

ina tāuta tika.

Ngā Tohu e Me Whakakapia te Taura Muka Whatu

Ahakoa he roa te ora o ngā taura muka whatu, tera pea me whakakapi i tētahi wā.

Ko ngā tohu e whai ake nei e tohu ana i te tawhito pea o te taura, te pakaru rānei.

1. Te whakanui ake i te Ngaronga Tohu

Ko tētahi o ngā tohu tino kitea o ngā raruraru taura muka ko te pikinga o te ngoikore o te māramatanga whatu.

Ko ngā tohu ko:

• Tere puhoi o te whatunga
• Ngā momotu hononga auau
• Te tawhiti tuku kua whakaitihia
• Te kore pumau o te tohu

Ka taea e ngā taputapu whakamātautau muka pēnei i te OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) te tautuhi:

• Ngā pakaru muka
• Ngā tohu mate nui
• Ngā hononga ngoikore
• Ngā raruraru hononga

2. Te Kino Tinana ki te Koti Taura

Tirohia te anga o waho i ia wā.

Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato ko:

• Ngā pakaru
• Ngā tapahi
• Whakakaha kua kitea
• Te turuturu o te wai
• Te kino o ngā kararehe

Ka taea e te koti pakaru te tomo o te makuku ki roto i te hanganga taura, ka tere ake te koroheketanga.

3. Hangarau muka tawhito

I ētahi wā, ehara i te mea nā te mea kua pakaru te taura muka, engari nā te mea kua piki ake ngā whakaritenga whatunga.

Hei tauira:

Ka taea e ngā whakaurunga tawhito te whakamahi i:

• Ngā taura muka iti
• Ngā paerewa muka tawhito
• Ngā hoahoa whānui iti

Tērā pea ka hiahiatia e ngā whatunga hou:

• Te nui ake o te maha o ngā muka
• muka aratau kotahi
• Te tuku whānui teitei ake
• He pai ake te mahi piko

I tēnei wā, he nui ake te ōhanga o te whakapai ake i te hanganga taura i te pupuri i ngā pūnaha tawhito.

Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu ki te Taura Parahi

He maha ngā kaipupuri whatunga e whakarite ana i te taura muka whatu ki te taura parahi ina whakamahere ana i ngā haumitanga hanganga.

He roa ake te roa o te mahi a te taura muka whatu, ā, he pai ake hoki te tauine i ngā wā kei te heke mai.

Koinei tētahi o ngā take e whakakapi tonu ai ngā kaiwhakahaere waea, ngā kaiwhakarato ipurangi, me ngā pokapū raraunga i ngā hanganga parahi ki ngā whatunga muka.

Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o ngā momo taura muka whatu rerekē?

He rerekē te roa o te ora e tumanakohia ana mō ngā hoahoa taura muka whatu rerekē.

Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu ADSS

Te roanga o te oranga: 25–40 tau

E whakamahia whānuitia ana te taura ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) i roto i ngā whatunga rererangi.

Ko tōna roanga ora e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Te roa o te whānuitanga
• Utaina hau
• Utaina hukapapa
• Taiao hiko
• Kounga tāutanga

Ngā Painga:

• Kāore he wāhanga whakarewa
• Mama
• Ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko
• He pai mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā ratonga hiko

GYTS Fiber Optic Cable Ora Ora

Te roanga o te ora: 30–50 tau

Ko te taura GYTS he taura muka whakarewa ngongo wetewete noa mō waho.

Ngā āhuatanga hanga:

• He pukupuku rīpene maitai
• Te whāriki o waho o te PE
• Hanganga ngongo wetekina
• Ngā rauemi ārai-wai

E whakamahia whānuitia ana mō:

• Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti
• Ngā whatunga raro whenua
• Te tuku i te tuara

Te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu Ārai GYTA53

Te roanga o te ora: 40–50 tau

Kua hangaia a GYTA53 mō ngā taiao uaua.

Kei roto i te nuinga o te wā:

• Parenga pūrua takirua
• pukupuku whakarewa
• Te ātete kaha ki te makuku

Ngā tono:

• Te tanumanga tika
• Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te maina
• Ngā whatunga ahumahi
• Ngā taiao o waho kino

Te Roa o te Taura OPGW

Te roanga o te ora: 30–50 tau

Ka whakakotahi te OPGW (Waea Whenua Whatu):

• Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu
• Te tiakitanga tuku hiko

Ka tāutahia ki runga i ngā raina tuku hiko ngaohiko teitei.

Ko tōna roanga ora e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Ngā āhuatanga o te raina hiko
• Te pānga o te uira
• Te utaina ā-mīhini
• Te tiaki i te waikura

Te Roa o te Taura Taka FTTH

Te roanga o te ora: 20–30 tau

Ka hono ngā taura taka FTTH i ngā kāinga me ngā whare ki ngā whatunga urunga muka.

Ko te roa o tā rātou ratonga e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Te whakaaturanga o roto/o waho
• Tikanga tāutanga
• Te tiaki UV
• Ngā āhuatanga piko

Me pēhea te whakamātautau i te taura muka whatu i tōna oranga katoa?

Mā te whakamātautau auau ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā raruraru i mua i te puta mai o te rahunga whatunga.

Ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau muka whatu noa ko:

1. Whakamātautau OTDR

Ko te whakamātautau OTDR tētahi o ngā tikanga tino nui mō te aromatawai i te mahi a te taura muka.

Ka taea e ia te kite:

• Ngā pakaru muka
• Te ngaronga o te hononga
• Ngā raruraru hononga
• Te tawhiti ki ngā hapa

He mea noa te whakamahi a ngā kamupene whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ngā whakamātautau OTDR mō te tiaki me te rapurongoā.

2. Whakamātautau Mana Whatu

Ka inehia e ngā mita mana whatu:

• Te kaha o te tohu
• Ngaronga whakaurunga
• Kounga tuku

Mā tēnei ka āwhina kia noho tonu te hononga muka ki roto i ngā taumata mahi e tika ana.

3. Tirotiro Tirohanga

Ka taea e ngā tirotiro auau te tautuhi:

• Ngā koti taura kua pakaru
• Ngā hononga wetekina
• Ngā āhuatanga tāutanga hē

Ka taea e te tiaki ārai te whakanui ake i te pono o te whatunga.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Roanga o te Taura muka whatu

Kia pēhea te roa o te mau o te taura muka whatu i raro i te whenua?

Ko ngā taura muka whatu o raro whenua ka roa tonu 30 ki te 50 tau.

Ko tō rātou roanga ora e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Te hanganga taura
• Parenga ā-wai
• Ngā āhuatanga o te oneone
• Kounga tāutanga

Ko ngā taura raro whenua kua whakakakahuhia ki te ārai mate ka whakarato i te tiakitanga roa ake.

Ka taea e te taura muka whatu te roa mō ngā tau 50?

Āe.

Ka taea e ngā taura muka whatu kounga teitei te mahi mō 50 tau, neke atu rānei i raro i ngā āhuatanga e tika ana.

He maha ngā whatunga muka hou kua hangaia mō te roa o te ora ratonga neke atu i ngā tekau tau.

Ka pirau te taura muka whatu i roto i te wā?

Āe, engari tino āta haere.

He tino pakari te muka karāhe. Ko te nuinga o te pirau ka puta i roto i:

• Ngā koti o waho
• Ngā rauemi ārai wai
• Ngā mema kaha
• Ngā Hononga

Mā te tiaki tika ka tino whakaroa te koroheketanga.

Ka taea te whakamahi anō i te taura muka whatu tawhito?

I ētahi wā.

Mena ka paahitia e te taura te whakamātautau, ā, ka tutuki i a ia ngā whakaritenga whatunga, ka taea tonu e te taura muka o nāianei te mahi.

I mua i te whakamahinga anō, ka tirohia e ngā miihini:

• Te whakaitiititanga o te whatu
• Te haere tonu o te muka
• Āhua tinana
• Te āheinga whānui o te arai

Kia pēhea te auau o te whakakapinga o te taura muka whatu?

Kāore he maramataka whakakapinga pumau.

Kāore e hiahiatia te whakakapinga mō te nuinga o ngā taura muka whatu mō:

25–50 tau

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta te whakakapinga nā te mea:

• Te kino o te tinana
• Ngā whakaritenga whānui kua piki ake
• Ngā whakapai ake whatunga
• Ngā huringa taiao

Te Whakapaipai i tō Pūtea Whatunga muka hei Āwhina i a Āpōpō

He whakatau hanganga mō te wā roa te whiriwhiri i te taura muka whatu.

Ka taea e te whatunga muka kua hoahoatia pai te tautoko i ngā hangarau o muri mai tae atu ki:

• Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G
• Ngā pokapū raraunga matauranga horihori
• Rorohiko kapua
• Ngā tāone atamai
• Aunoatanga ahumahi
• Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT)

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura muka whatu, whakaarohia:

1. Momo muka

Mō te nuinga o ngā whatunga hou:

• muka aratau kotahi (OS2)
• muka G.652.D
• Muka kore-aronga piko G.657.A1/A2

e tīpakohia whānuitia ana.

2. Te Tatau o te Muka

Me whai whakaaro ki te hiahia ā muri ake nei.

Mā te tāuta i te maha o ngā muka i tēnei rā ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakapai ake a meake nei.

Ko ngā kōwhiringa noa ko:

• taura muka matua 12
• taura muka matua 24
• taura muka matua 48
• taura muka matua 96
• taura muka matua 144

3. Te Tiaki Taiao

Kōwhiria te tiaki taura kia rite ki ngā tikanga tāutanga:

Waho:

• Puranga ātete-UV
• Hoahoa ā-wai

I raro i te whenua:

• Hanganga pukupuku
• Te tiaki i ngā kiore

Rererangi:

• Te kaha kume teitei
• Ātete huarere

Whakatau: Kia Pēhea te Roa o te Taura Muka Whatu?

Nō reira, Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o te taura muka whatu?

Ko te whakautu:

Ko te roa o te nuinga o ngā taura muka whatu i waenga i te 25 me te 50 tau, ā, ka neke atu i te 50 tau te roa o ngā taura kounga teitei mēnā ka tika te tāutanga me te tiaki.

Ko te roanga ora tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Momo taura
• Taiao tāutanga
• Kounga rauemi
• Te pānga o te rangi
• Te ahotea ā-mīhini
• Ngā mahi tiaki

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura parahi, ka whakaratohia e ngā taura muka whatu:

• Te roa o te ora ratonga
• Te whānui o te hononga
• He pai ake te pono
• Ngā utu tiaki iti iho
• Te mahi whatunga mō te heke mai

Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere waea, ngā kaimahi kirimana, me ngā umanga, ko te haumi ki te taura muka whatu kounga teitei ehara i te mea he whakapai ake whatunga anake—engari he haumi hanganga mō te wā roa ka taea te tautoko i ngā hiahia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā tekau tau.