Ko te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha ngā momo taura muka whatu e rua e tino kitea ana. Kua hangaia ia aratau mō ngā mahi motuhake i roto i ngā whatunga raraunga.

He tino iti te uho o te muka aratau kotahi. Mā te tuku mārama tika ki raro i te roanga o te muka, ka taea e te muka aratau kotahi te haere i ngā raraunga i tawhiti me te iti o te ngaronga.

I tētahi atu taha, he matotoru ake te uho o te muka maha-aratau e taea ai te whiti haere o te mārama. Nā tēnei hoahoa he tino pai mō ngā hononga poto, pērā i ngā whatunga kei roto i ngā whare wānanga, i ngā pakihi rānei.

I te US, he ōrite te kitea o ia momo i roto i ngā raina ipurangi matua o te tāone, i ngā pokapū raraunga, me ngā whare tari arumoni. Anei ngā mea me mōhio koe kia kitea ai te rerekētanga.

He rite tonu te whai hua o te mārama ki te utu me ngā taiao whakamahinga tino pai, me te ārahi i te tangata ki te mea e tino tika ana mō rātou. Anei te whakamārama ngāwari mō ngā rerekētanga o te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha.

E whakamāramahia ana i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei ō rātou rerekētanga matua ki te titiro a te tangata whānui.

He aha te taura muka whatu?

Taura muka whatu Ko tētahi o ngā mea nui rawa atu i roto i te ao raraunga ko te whakawhiti raraunga. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga hei tohu mārama mā roto i ngā miro karāhe angiangi rawa, kirihou rānei. Kei waenganui o ia taura he uho. He 8 ki te 10 maikorona noa iho te whānui mō te aratau kotahi, ā, tata ki te 50 maikorona mō te aratau maha!

Kātahi ka takaihia te uho ki tētahi paparanga whakakikorua. Mā tēnei paparanga ka tika, ka pono hoki te haere o ngā tohu mārama, ahakoa he maha ngā maero te tawhiti. Kāore ngā waea parahi tuku iho e tuku raraunga mā te hiko, he rerekē ki ngā waea muka whatu. He nui ngā painga o tēnei whakawhiti ki te mārama—he tere ake, he kaha ake, he pono ake hoki.

Kei ngā wāhi katoa te muka, mai i ngā hononga ipurangi o te ao ki ngā whatunga umanga puta noa i te whare. E rua ngā momo matua: te aratau kotahi, mō ngā haerenga roa pēnei i ngā hononga tāone-ki-te-tāone, me te aratau maha, mō ngā haerenga poto i roto i ngā whare, i ngā puni rānei.

Te Haerenga Raraunga Tere Mārama

Ka tere te haere o te mārama mā roto i ngā taura muka whatu i te tere o te mārama, he tere rawa atu i tā te parahi e taea ai te whakarato. Ka taea e ngā raraunga te rere mai i te pūwāhi A ki te pūwāhi B me te kore e mutu. He mea whakamiharo te iti o te whakaroa, ā, he painga whakataetae mārama!

Whakaarohia te rere o tō whakaaturanga tino pai ki te HD, te kōrerorero ataata rānei me tētahi atu puta noa i te motu, me te kore e pāngia e tētahi whakaroa. Ko te mana o te tere o te mārama e āhei ai ēnei whatunga ki te noho tere me te pono, ahakoa te pikinga o te tono.

He aha i pai ake ai te muka i te parahi tawhito?

Ka taea e ngā taura muka whatu te tuku raraunga nui atu i ngā taura parahi. He nui te whānui o te hononga, ā, ka taea e koe te tuku i ngā mea katoa mai i te īmēra ki ngā terabyte me te kore e whakaaro tuarua. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kāore te muka whatu e ngaro te tohu pērā i te parahi—ahakoa mō ngā wā roa.

Kāore he āwangawanga mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i ētahi atu taura, taputapu rānei. Nā te pono o tēnei mea e pai ai te muka mo ngā mahi arumoni me ngā mahi noho.

Te Wetewete i te Muka Aratau Kotahi

Ko te muka aratau kotahi te pūtake o ngā whatunga o ēnei rā e tuku ana i ā tātou raraunga i waenga i ngā tāone, i ngā whenua, āe—tae atu ki ngā whenua whānui. Ko tōna hoahoa i arotahi ki te māmā me te whānuitanga. He rerekē ki te muka aratau maha, ka taea e te muka aratau kotahi te horapa i te ara mārama kotahi, te "aratau" rānei i tōna roanga.

Ka tino whakaitihia e tēnei tikanga hoahoa māmā te hekenga o te tohu. Kāore i te miharo he mea tino pai mō ngā tono tawhiti pēnei i ngā whatunga metro, ngā whatunga urunga, me ngā hanganga tuara e pupuri ana i te hononga i waenga i ngā tāone nui rawa atu o Moroko pēnei i a Casablanca me Marrakech.

Te Whakamārama i tōna Uho Iti

Ko te tino makutu o te muka aratau kotahi kei roto i te iti rawa o tōna pūtake. E 9 maikorona noa iho te whānui—he angiangi ake i te whenu makawe tangata—he kotahi noa te aratau mārama ka taea te haere. Mā tēnei ara iti nei ka kore te mārama e pekepeke ki roto, he mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te māramatanga o ngā raraunga puta noa i ngā roanga whānui.

Mā te iti o te marara o te mārama, me te kore rawa o te marara o te huarahi, ka taea e ngā tohu te haere i ngā tawhiti roa me te kore e ngaro te pono. He maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūnaha tereina metro me ngā whatunga waea ā-motu i konei i Moroko ki tēnei pono mō ā rātou hononga tuara tohatoha.

Aratau Takitahi: Ngā Kaha Matua

He tino pai te muka aratau kotahi ina hiahiatia he whānui o te hononga raraunga, i tawhiti. Nā tōna kaha ki te neke tere i ngā raraunga maha, he mea tino pai mō te ipurangi tere, te whakawhiti waea pūkoro, me ngā hononga kapua. Mā te whakamahinga o ngā taiaho kaha, pērā i te momo DFB, FP rānei, ka tika te tuku tohu.

Mā tēnei hangarau ka āwhina i te pupuri i te iti o te ngoikore o te tohu—kāore e memeha te tohu, tae atu ki ngā rau maero! Koia te take he poutokomanawa mō te ipurangi o te ao i ēnei rā me ngā huarahi matihiko o Moroko.

Aratau Takitahi: Ngā Tohu hei Whakaaroaro

Heoi anō, kāore te aratau kotahi e kore he ngoikoretanga. Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana e koe—pērā i ngā transceiver whatu—he nui ake te utu, i ētahi wā tae atu ki te rima ngā wā i te aratau maha. Me whakamahi te pa o te taote pokanga me te tika rite ki te taiaho hei tāuta, nā te mea kāore te matua iti e āhei ki te piko.

Ka uaua te mahi tiaki i ngā taiao maroke, kino rawa rānei, ā, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he wā tiaki me te whakangungu mō ngā kaimahi o tēnei rohe.

Te Wetewete i te Muka Aratau Maha

He wāhanga nui o ngā whatunga hapori me ngā whatunga ā-tāone te muka maha-aratau. Ka whiriwhiria e te tangata mō ngā tawhiti poto, pērā i te hanga i ngā whatunga ā-roto, i te hononga pokapū raraunga rānei. He nui ake te matua muka maha-aratau i te matua kotahi-aratau—ko te tikanga he 50/125, he 62.5/125 maikoromita rānei.

Nā te nui o tēnei matua, ka taea te tuku atu i ngā tohu mārama neke atu i te kotahi i te wā kotahi. Nō reira, ka taea e te nui o ngā mōhiohio te haere i ngā tere teitei puta noa i ngā wāhi poto ake. Tērā pea ka kite koe i te muka maha-aratau i roto i ngā taiao e kikī ana ngā taputapu—pērā i ngā rūma tūmau, ngā papa tari, ngā whare āhua-kāreti rānei.

He Whakamārama mō tōna Matua Whānui

Ko te ngākau o te muka maha-aratau ko tōna uho. Ahakoa 50µm, 62.5µm rānei, he whānui rawa atu i te aratau kotahi. Mā tēnei uho whānui ka taea e ngā tohu mārama maha, ngā aratau rānei, te haere i te wā kotahi.

He aha te rongo pai mō te muka maha-aratau? Ka taea e koe te neke i te tini raraunga i te wā kotahi. He rerekētanga kei reira: ka taea e ngā tohu te tukinga tetahi ki tetahi, ka puta he hapa i ngā huarahi roa. Koia te take he pai rawa te muka maha-aratau mō ngā hononga poto ake, he 2-5 kiromita te roa, iti iho rānei.

Mō ngā peke poto ake—ki raro ki te 300 mita i te 100Gbps me te 600 mita i te 10Gbps—ka whakaratohia e te aratau maha te tere tino pai.

Aratau Maha: Ngā Kaha Matua

Nā te iti o te utu tīmatanga o te Multimode me te māmā o te tāutanga ka pai ake ki ngā whatunga iti. Nā te nui o te matua ka taea te hototahi ki ngā taputapu iti ake te utu, ka whakaiti i ngā utu haumitanga tīmatanga.

He tino pai te mahi a ngā momo pēnei i a OM3 me OM4 i roto i ngā taiao e hangai ana ki te taiaho, e āhei ai te whakatinanatanga o ngā tere raraunga tere ake, tere ake hoki. He maha ngā whare i Moroko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te aratau maha hei hono i ngā papa me ngā parirau, e whakamahi ana i te OM1 mō ngā hiahia taketake, i te OM3 rānei mō ngā hononga tere ake.

Aratau Maha: Ngā Tohu hei Whakaaroaro

Ko te ngoikoretanga o te tapahi i te taura? Kāore e taea e te aratau maha te whakataetae ki te aratau kotahi i roto i te tawhiti, i te whānui rānei. Nā te nui o te ngaronga tohu, kāore e pai mō ngā hononga tawhiti.

Ka puta he raruraru o te whakapōturitanga o te tohu mēnā ka nui rawa atu. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te poto o te hononga, ko te pai!

Aratau Takitahi vs. Aratau Maha: Upoko-ki-Upoko

Aratau kotahi me te aratau maha, he tirohanga poto. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā muka aratau kotahi me te aratau maha mā te whakamahi i te mārama. He rerekē ā rātou huarahi me ā rātou whakamahinga pai i runga i te hoahoa taketake, te rere o te tohu, me ētahi atu āhuatanga mahi. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i waenga i a rātou, ehara i te whārite pāngarau noa iho. Hei whakamutunga, ko te mea nui ko te mea e pai ana mō te mahi, te wāhi me te tahua.

1. Hoahoa Matua: Te Rerekētanga Matua

Ko te hoahoa matua te wehewehenga nui. He tino iti te matua o te muka aratau kotahi, 8-10 maikorona noa iho. Mā tēnei ka taea e te ngaru mārama kotahi anake te heke tika ki raro i te taura, ka whakarato i tētahi tohu ma, kāore e mutu te horapa.

Nā te nui ake o te matua o te Multimode—50, 62.5 maikorona rānei—ka taea e ia te kawe i te māramatanga nui ake i te wā kotahi. Ka huri haere aua hihi, ka hua ake he marara atu, me te pōuriuri hoki i ngā oma roa.

Mō ngā pokapū raraunga nui, mō ngā hononga whakawhiti-tāone rānei, ka taea e taua matua angiangi te whakahaere i te mahi me te iti ake o te uaua. I roto i te tari, i te kura rānei e aro ana ki te whakaputa, ko te ngāwari o te whakamahi, te mono me te whakamahi a te aratau maha te mea tino pai.

2. Ara Tohu: Te Haerenga o te Mārama

Ka haere tika te mārama i roto i te muka aratau kotahi ki raro i waenganui, ka mau tonu he tohu tino parakore i ngā tawhiti roa.

I roto i te aratau maha, ka haere te mārama i roto i aua ara rerekē katoa, ka puta ai he mararatanga aratau — arā, he tohu e tae mai ana i ngā wā rerekē. Koia te take ka taea e te aratau kotahi te peke tawhiti i waenga i ngā tāone, engari he pai te aratau maha mō ngā peke poto mai i te whare ki te whare.

3. Toro atu me te Tere: Haere ki tawhiti, haere tere rānei?

Ka tae te tereina kotahi kiromita—tae atu ki te 200 km—me te iti o te hekenga, nō reira he pono mō ngā hononga tuarā me ngā pūnaha tereina rohe nui.

He tere rawa atu hoki te Multimode, engari mō ngā tawhiti poto noa iho, iti iho i te 5 km te nuinga. He pai mō ngā LAN o te puni, mō ngā whata honohono rānei i roto i te rūma kotahi! He mea nui te tere, engari he mea nui anō hoki te taunga tika.

4. Te Pūmanawa Raraunga: Te Tauwehenga Whānui

Koia te take ka kitea e koe te aratau kotahi e whakamahia ana i runga i ngā paipa whānui 100G, 400G, neke atu rānei.

Kaua e pohehe—ehara te aratau maha i te mea mangere! He hototahi ki ngā paerewa 40G me te 100G. Ina pērā, ka ārai te mararatanga aratau i te haere tawhiti, i te tere rānei.

Ngā Taupānga Whānui:

• Aratau kotahi: Whatunga Metro, tawhiti, pou tuarā pokapū raraunga

• Aratau Maha: Whatunga tari, LAN o te puni, muka-ki-tepu

5. Ngā Roanga Ngaru: Te Mārama ki ngā Tae Mārama

Ka whakamahia e te aratau kotahi ngā taiaho e mahi ana i runga i te 1310 nm, i te 1550 nm rānei. Ka tukuna e ēnei he tohu mārama, tawhiti engari me nui ake ngā taputapu utu nui.

Ka whakamahia e te Multimode ngā LED, ngā VCSEL rānei, he roangaru kei te 850, kei te 1300 nm rānei—he iti ake te utu, engari kāore e haere tawhiti rawa. Ngā Roanga Ngaru: Te Mārama ki ngā Tae Mārama Ko te kōwhiringa roanga ngaru ka whakatau i te nui o tō tahua me tō tahora.

Te Whakarite Tahua mō tō Kaupapa muka

He mahi whakamataku te whakatakoto tahua mō tētahi kaupapa muka, ā, he maha ngā wāhanga me whakarite pērā i te panga kōrero. Ko ia whakatau, ahakoa he taura muka, he taputapu rānei, ka pā ki tō utu me tō hokinga mai katoa.

Tīmatahia me te whakaaro ki te mutunga. Tīmata mā te whakaaro ki ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e tō whatunga i tēnei rā, engari ki ngā mea ka hiahiatia ā muri ake nei. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te momo muka e tāutahia ana e mātou me te tawhiti katoa ki te whakatau i te pire whakamutunga. He rerekētanga nui anō hoki te nui o ngā raraunga me neke e koe!

Ngā Utu Taura me ngā Taputapu o Mua

Kua rongo pea koe he nui ake te utu o te muka aratau-kotahi i te tīmatanga. He nui ake te utu o te taura i te nuinga o te wā, ā, pērā anō hoki mō ngā taputapu whakawhiti. Nā te mea kua hangaia ngā taputapu aratau-kotahi mō ngā kawe roa me ngā kawenga raraunga nui.

Whakaarohia he kāmpus whare wānanga e hono ana i ngā whare noho tawhiti—koinei te tino painga o te aratau kotahi. He iti ake te utu o te muka aratau maha, inā koa te momo 50/125. He pai mō te whakamahi i roto, inā koa mō ngā oma poto ka toro atu i waenga i ngā rūma i roto i te whare kotahi.

He iti ake te utu o ngā tuku whakawhiti maha-aratau, he mea e kukume ana i te tini o te tangata e whakatū ana i ngā whatunga iti ake. Ina piki ake te roa me te tere o te taura, ka piki ake te utu o te pūnaha katoa.

Tāutanga: Ngā mea hei tumanako atu

Ahakoa te momo muka, he mea nui te whakahaere tika i te mara i te wā tāutanga. Ka uaua ake te muka aratau-kotahi, nā te mea he angiangi ake te uho, e hiahia ana ki ngā ringaringa matatau me ngā taputapu motuhake.

Ko ngā taputapu tāutanga ka uru ki ngā maripi, ngā mea hono, ngā mea whakamātautau, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā wero o te kukume taura mā roto i ngā pakitara, i raro rānei i te whenua mō ngā momo e rua. Ka uru ki ngā wāhi piri, ki ngā kokonga mārō pea, ā, i ētahi wā he huarere kino.

Ka piki ake te utu mahi mēnā ka pā mai tētahi, tētahi huinga rānei o ēnei āhuatanga, inā koa mēnā ka pā mai he raruraru uaua.

Te Tiaki me te Uara mō te Wā Roa

He painga tō te muka muka aratau-kotahi, arā, he iti ake te tiaki mō te wā roa, ā, he nui ake te wāhi hei tipu. He pai mō ngā rā kei te heke mai mēnā he pūmanawa tō whatunga ki te tipu. Mā te haumi i mua ka nui ake te moni ka penapenahia mō te wā roa.

Mā te kore e aro ki ngā tirotiro me ngā mahi tiaki o ia rā, ka nui ake pea ngā utu whakatikatika ā muri ake nei. Nā te piki haere o ngā tono mō te whatunga, kaua e whakaarohia te maha o ngā aratau hei mea whakamutunga. Mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i te aratau maha, me whakakapi wawe ngā taputapu i te wā i whakaritea.

Ngā Tohutohu Atamai mō te Penapena Utu (Arotahi ki te US)

• Tikina he taputapu e rite ana ki ō hiahia—kaua e hoko nui rawa i te roanga o te hononga.

• Tāpirihia ngā rauemi me ngā kaimahi mō ngā utu pai ake.

Ki te taea, whakamaherehia ngā ara taura hei whakaiti i te roa me te maumau. Kōwhiria ngā taputapu whāiti hei whakapai ake i ngā mea kei te heke mai. Whakamahia ngā kaimahi kirimana ā-rohe e mōhio ana ki ngā ture me te whenua o te rohe.

Whakaritea he tahua mō te tiaki auau.

Kōwhiria tō Taurite muka tino pai

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te kimi i tō taura muka whatu tino pai, pērā i te whiriwhiri noa i tētahi, ā, ka kīia he pai—me whakaaro koe ki te mea e pai ana mō tō taiao me tō āhuatanga. He rerekē ngā painga o ngā muka aratau kotahi me ngā muka aratau maha. Ka rerekē ō whiringa i runga i te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana e koe hei tuku raraunga, te nui o te whānui o te hononga e hiahiatia ana e koe, me tō tahua.

He mea nui te rahi o te matua—he iti te matua o te muka aratau kotahi, he 9-micron te rahi, he pai mō ngā haerenga roa, ko te maha-aratau he rahi nui ake pērā i te 50, 62.5 microns rānei, ā, ka uru ki ngā haerenga poto i roto i te whare, i te puni rānei. Ko te whiriwhiri i te muka tika e ōrite ana ki ō whakaritenga whakahaere o ia rā te mea e tū ana i waenganui i te nekehanga raraunga ngāwari o tēnei rā me te moemoeā whakahaere utu nui āpōpō.

Ngā Whakamahinga Pai mō te Aratau Takitahi

He tino pai te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā hononga waea tawhiti me ngā hononga ipurangi puta noa i te tāone. He pai ake i te maha-aratau mō te tuku raraunga tawhiti. Mā te matua iti ka mau tonu te hononga o ngā tohu, ā, ka iti te ngaronga.

Hei tauira noa iho, ka hono ngā waea waea i Morocco i ngā tāone pēnei i a Casablanca me Marrakech mā te whakamahi i ngā raina aratau kotahi. Koinei anō te whiringa mō ngā pokapū raraunga tere-nui, kāore e tika kia heke te whānui o te hononga me te tere. Ae, tera pea he nui ake te utu i te tīmatanga. He iti rawa te ngaronga tohu me te kaha nui ake, he pai te utu ina hiahia koe ki ngā raraunga tere, pono hoki mō ngā tawhiti roa.

Ngā horopaki pai mō te aratau maha

Ko te muka maha-aratau mahi teitei te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā LAN tari, me ngā wāhi kei raro iho i te 500 mita te tawhiti o ngā hononga tūmau. Nā te nui ake o tōna matua ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti me ngā taura iti ake te utu, ā, ka taea te penapena nui mō ngā whakatakotoranga ki roto i ngā whare.

I roto i tētahi o ngā pokapū hangarau maha puta noa i Marrakech, ka whakaratohia e ngā taura maha-aratau OM3, OM4 rānei ngā whatunga tere-rahi ā-rohe. He iti noa iho te utu mō tēnei mahi! Mō ngā oma poto, ka nui te whānui o te hononga e tukuna ana e te maha-aratau, ā, ka iti ake ngā utu, ahakoa kāore e taea te pupuri i te aratau kotahi mō ngā hononga roa.

Whakamahere mō ngā Hiahia o Āpōpō

He mea noa te whakamahere i mua. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te whakamahinga raraunga, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te muka e āhei ai te whakawhānui ake ā muri ake nei. Ko te whānui ake o te whānui o te aratau kotahi he iti ake te utu mō ngā whakapainga i roto i te wā.

Ka taea te tāuta i ngā momo muka e rua me te whakaaro ki te whakawhānui ā muri ake nei. Ki te whakaaro koe ka nui ake ō hiahia i ngā tau e haere ake nei, ko te aratau kotahi te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu. Ko te ngāwari o te whakatinanatanga, pērā i te waiho i te ngoikore o ō taura, te whakamahi rānei i ngā hononga modular, ka whai hua nui ina tae ki te wā ki te whakawhānui.

Huarere me te Kakahu: Te Pakari o te Muka

He mea nui te pakari, inā koa i te rangi wera, maroke o Moroko, i ngā tāone nui rānei e nui ana te haere o te tangata. Ka taea e ngā momo muka e rua te pumau, engari kāore e taea me te kore he koti me he paninga e tika ana hei ārai i te puehu, te wera, me te makuku.

Me whai koti pakari e tu atu ana i te rā me te onepu ngā taura o roto, ā, me tu atu hoki i ngā takahanga me ngā piko. Mā te whiriwhiri i te parenga tika ka roa ake te ora o tō muka, ā, ka iti ake hoki te utu o ngā whakatikatika.

Whakamutunga

He tino pai te muka aratau kotahi i runga ake i ngā mea katoa me ngā oma roa, ngā tere teitei, me ngā tohu tino mārama. Tērā pea ka pai tēnei mō ngā puni nui, ngā kaupapa whānui rānei o te tāone, pērā i te whakatakoto i ngā raina mai i tētahi taha o te tāone ki tētahi taha. He pai tonu te muka aratau maha mō ngā peke poto, ngā tahua iti, me te whakatakoto tere. Whakaarohia ngā puni pakihi iti, ngā taiwhanga rangahau mātauranga, te whakahou tere rānei i ngā whare. E rua ngā mahi a te hunga e mahi ana, engari ko te whiriwhiri tika ka whakawhirinaki ki ō hiahia, ki tō taiao, me tō tahua. I mātakitaki ahau i ngā whare takaro tawhito puta noa i Texas e whakakapi ana i ā rātou parahi ki te muka, ā, e whakapai ake ana i tō rātou wheako Wi-Fi i te pō kotahi. I mātakitaki ahau i ngā pūnaha hauora nui i New York e whakawhirinaki ana ki te aratau kotahi hei whakarite i ngā mōhiohio maeneene, kore e mutu. Arotakehia ō hiahia me tō tahua hei whakatau i tō hoa pai. Ki te tūtaki koe ki ngā raruraru i te huarahi, kia mahara ki te tono āwhina!

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha?

Ka whakamahia e te muka aratau kotahi he matua whaiti hei tuku raraunga i ngā tawhiti roa me te iti o te ngaronga tohu. He whānui ake te matua aratau maha, ā, he pai ake mō ngā tere raraunga teitei i ngā tawhiti poto i ngā hononga poto ake.

Ko tēhea momo muka te mea pai mō ngā tawhiti roa i te US?

Ko te muka aratau kotahi te kōwhiringa pai ake mō ngā tawhiti roa, neke atu i te 25 maero te nuinga. He pai tēnei huinga ataahua hei whakamana i ō tātou Tāone o Amerika me tō tātou ngākau o Amerika!

He iti ake te utu o te muka aratau maha i te muka aratau kotahi?

Ae, he iti ake te utu o te muka aratau maha me ōna taputapu e pā ana, ā, he kōwhiringa pai mō ngā kaupapa whatunga tawhiti poto.

Ka taea e au te whakamahi i te muka maha-aratau mō taku ipurangi kāinga i te US?

Ko te muka maha-aratau ka whakamahia mō ngā oma poto ake, i roto i te whare. Ko te muka aratau kotahi te whiringa tino noa i waenga i ngā ISP o Amerika mō ngā hononga ipurangi kāinga.

Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha?

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha Whakatauhia tō tawhiti, tō tere, me tō tahua. Kōwhiria te aratau kotahi mō ngā tawhiti roa me te whakarite mō ngā mea kei te heke mai. Kōwhiria te aratau maha ina hiahia koe ki ngā hononga poto, tere-nui, me te kore utu.

Ka pāngia te mahi a te muka e ngā āhuatanga taiao i te US?

Ka pāngia te mahi muka e ngā āhuatanga taiao o te US? Kōwhiria ngā taura ārai, ngā taura rānei e tika ana mō te huarere mō ngā whakaurunga o waho o te US.

He māmā noa iho te whakapai ake i te muka aratau maha ki te muka aratau kotahi i muri mai?

Ahakoa e taea ana te whakapai ake, ko te tikanga me whakawhiti ngā taura me ngā taputapu whakawhiti. He pai ake te whakamahere mō ngā kaupapa muka maha-aratau hei penapena i ngā whakapaunga whakapai ake i muri mai.