muka aratau kotahi vs muka maha-aratau Ko ngā momo muka whatu matua e rua e whakamahia ana hei tuku raraunga i ngā tawhiti roa me ngā tawhiti poto. Ka whakamahia e te muka aratau kotahi he matua iti, ā, ka tukuna tika te mārama ki raro i te matua, he mea tino pai mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti i ngā tere teitei. He nui ake te matua o te muka aratau maha, ka horahia te mārama i ngā ara maha, ā, he pai mō ngā tawhiti poto pērā i roto i te whare, i te puni rānei. He painga motuhake tō ia momo, pērā i te utu, te whānui o te hononga, me te tawhiti. Hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te muka tika, ka whakaatuhia e ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei ngā mōhiohio māmā, ngā whakataurite whakamahinga, me ngā tātari utu. Ko te whāinga kia māmā, kia mārama hoki te whakatau ki te katoa.

Aratau Kotahi me te muka Aratau Maha

Aratau kotahi me te aratau maha ngā taura muka whatu He tino rerekē te kawe mārama, ā, ka pā ki ō rātou āhuatanga me ngā tono pai. He iti te matua o te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi, tata ki te 9 maikorona, e ārahi ana i te aratau mārama kotahi ki ngā tawhiti roa. He rerekē, ko te muka maha-aratau, me ngā rahi matua o te 50, 62.5 maikorona rānei, ka taea te hora i ngā aratau mārama maha i te wā kotahi. Ka mahi te aratau kotahi i ngā roangaru roa ake, engari ka noho te maha-aratau ki ngā mea poto ake, e whakaatu ana i ō rātou kaha ahurei mō ngā tono rerekē.

1. Aratau kotahi: waea tawhiti, pou tuarā o te pokapū raraunga, whatunga tāone nui.

2. Aratau Maha: whatunga o te puni, waea hanga whare, hononga tūmau poto-tae.

1. Te Diameter Matua

Ko te matua o te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi he 9µm noa iho, e āhei ai te haere tika o te mārama me te iti o te pekepeke. Mā tēnei ara whaiti ka whakarei ake i te pono o te tohu puta noa i ngā whānuitanga nui, engari me whai taputapu motuhake me te whirihoranga tino tika. He rerekē, he nui ake te matua o ngā taura muka whatu aratau maha—62.5µm mō OM1 me te 50µm mō OM2, OM3, OM4, me OM5. Ko te diameter o ngā momo e rua he 125µm, e tiaki ana i a rātou, e whakarite ana hoki kia ōrite te whakahaere. Mā te matua aratau maha nui ake ka taea te pekepeke o te mārama i roto i ngā ara maha, he pai mō ngā tawhiti poto engari ka arahi pea ki te paninga tohu, ki te marara rānei i ngā roanga roa.

2. Pūtake Mārama

Ko te muka aratau kotahi te tikanga e haere tahi ana me ngā pūtake mārama taiaho. Ka tukuna e ngā taiaho he hihi raina, kaha - he mea tino pai mō te tuku tawhiti. Ko te muka aratau maha te nuinga e whakamahi ana i ngā LED, he iti ake te utu me te ngāwari ki te whirihora engari he nui ake te marara me te mahi pai i ngā tawhiti poto.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā taiaho, ka nui ake te haere o ngā hononga aratau kotahi, engari ka nui ake te utu o ngā taputapu, ā, ka hiahiatia he ringa hangarau. Ka whakaitihia e ngā rama LED o te aratau maha ngā whakapaunga me te whakahaere i te tāutanga, engari ka whakawhāitihia te tawhiti me te tere. Koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i te moemoeā nui o te ānini, me te moemoeā e tutuki ana, mō ngā whatunga nui, mō ngā puni whānui rānei.

3. Tepe Whānui

Kāore rawa te muka aratau kotahi e eke ki te tuanui whānui. Nā tōna matua whaiti ka iti te ngaronga mārama, te marara rānei, ka taea ai e ia te whakatutuki i te hiahia i te pikinga o ngā kawenga raraunga. Ka nui ake te ngaronga me te horapa o te muka aratau maha, nō reira ka heke tōna whānui i te tawhiti. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā taiao pēnei i te rorohiko kapua, i ngā pokapū raraunga o nāianei rānei, he nui ngā mōhiohio e tere ana te tuku.

Ko te aratau kotahi te whiringa ā-mua, he maha ngā mokamoka aratau e aro nui ai ki ngā oma poto, tere hoki.

4. Te Tawhiti e Taea ana

Ka taea e te aratau kotahi te hipoki i te 160km, ka mahi mō ngā raina waea nui, puta noa i ngā whatunga tāone rānei. Ko te tere o te aratau maha ka eke ki te 550 mita i te 1Gbps, he pai mō ngā waea i roto i te whare.

Ka huri te tawhiti i te whakamahere whatunga. Mā te tawhiti e taea ai te toro atu, he nui ake ngā taputapu me ngā pūrua mō te aratau maha, ko te tikanga o te aratau kotahi he iti ake ngā mutu, ā, he maeneene ake ngā tohu.

Ka hono tika te tawhiti ki te ngaronga o te tohu.

Ngā oma roa? Ka toa te aratau kotahi.

5. Te Utu Katoa

He iti ake te utu o te hanga muka aratau kotahi, engari he nui ake te utu o ngā whakawhiti raraunga – i ētahi wā ka eke ki te rima ngā wā ka nui ake. Ka piki ake pea tēnā, inā koa mō ngā whakahoutanga nui, ngā hanganga hou rānei. Heoi anō, he pai te utu mō te aratau kotahi mō ngā whatunga nunui, mō ngā whatunga ā-mua rānei.

Ehara i te mea ko te utu anake o te taura te utu whānui. Whakaarohia te whakatakotoranga/taputapu me ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei i mua i te whiriwhiri.

He pai ngā penapena tuatahi a te Multimode mō ngā tahua iti, engari ko te tipu mō te wā roa ka pā kino ki te aratau kotahi.

Te Anatomi o te Muka

Ko ngā taura muka whatu, tae atu ki te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi me te taura muka whatu aratau maha, ka whakakotahi i te matua, te hipoki, me ngā paparanga tiaki hei kawe i ngā mōhiohio me te mārama. He mea nui te mārama ki te hanganga o ēnei momo muka mō te hunga e whakatū ana, e pupuri ana rānei i tētahi whatunga e tere haere ana, nā te mea ka whakatau i te mahi, te pakari, me te taunga pai rawa atu.

Hanga ā-tinana

Ko ngā taura muka whatu aratau-kotahi me te aratau-maha e whakamahi ana i te matua karāhe kua takaihia ki te whakakikorua, engari ko te rahi te wāhi e rerekē ai. Ko te matua o te taura muka whatu aratau-kotahi he 8.3 ki te 10 maikorona te whānui—ko te tikanga he 9 μm—ko te matua ia o te taura muka whatu aratau-maha he nui ake i te 50, i te 62.5 μm rānei. Ka pupuri tonu ngā momo e rua i te whakakikorua i te 125 μm, ka mau te mārama ki roto, ka pupuri hoki i te māramatanga o te tohu. Ka karapotia ēnei wāhanga e ngā koti tiaki hei tiaki i te karāhe mai i te wai, te paru, me ngā pānga ka puta i raro i te whenua, i roto rānei i ngā tuanui taka. He pakari ētahi koti mō ngā āhuatanga o waho, ko ētahi he mea hanga hei ātete i ngā mura o roto.

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whai pānga ana ki te hanganga o ngā taura muka whatu. Ko ngā matua aratau-kotahi he angiangi ake ka iti ake te whakaata me te marara o te mārama i roto i te matua, ka taea ai ngā tohu te haere tawhiti atu i mua i te pakaru. He rerekē, ko ngā muka aratau-maha, me ō rātou matua whānui, ka taea te hopu i te mārama nui ake engari ka raru pea ngā tohu i te wā e tuku ana. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā momo muka, he mea nui kia whakaarohia te taiao tāutanga—ko ngā whakatakotoranga o waho me whai koti pakari ake, haumaru-wai, ko ngā tāutanga o roto ia ka whai hua pea i ngā hoahoa ātete ahi, i ngā taura ngāwari rānei.

Te Whakawhanuitanga o te Mārama

Ka pupuri te muka aratau-kotahi i te mārama ki te ara whaiti kotahi, e āhei ai te rere o ngā mōhiohio me te kore e pokanoa. Koia te take ka taea e ngā tohu te whakawhiti i ngā tawhiti roa — whakaarohia ngā taura waea whakawhiti whenua — me te kore e memeha, e pōrearea rānei. Ka tukuna te mārama e te muka aratau-maha i roto i ngā ara maha i te wā kotahi. Ka taea e ia ara, ia aratau rānei, te kopikopiko i tētahi ara rerekē, nō reira ka taea e te tohu te horapa me te whakaroa i a ia e marara ana.

Koia te take he kōwhiringa te aratau kotahi mō ngā hononga tere-teitei, tawhiti-roa. Ka ārai tōna uho i te marara o te momo, ka hoatu he whānui whānui mutunga kore. He tere ake te whakatinana i te aratau maha mō ngā oma hanga poto engari kāore e taea te neke ake i te aratau kotahi mō ngā oma raraunga nui. Mā te mārama ki te horapa o te mārama i roto i te muka ka taea e ngā kaiwhakauru me ngā tohunga hangarau te arotau i te tere me te mārama o te tohu ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e rātou.

Te Kōwhiri i tō Muka

He mea nui te whiriwhiri i tō taura muka whatu. He whakaritenga motuhake tō ia whatunga, nō reira he mea nui te whakarite i ngā momo muka ki ō whāinga, pērā i te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi, te taura muka whatu aratau maha rānei!

• Te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana e tō whatunga kia haerea

• E hiahiatia ana te whānui o te arai raraunga, te tere raraunga rānei

• Te tahua mō te muka me ngā taputapu

• Kei hea, ā, me pēhea te whakamahi i te muka

• Te hiahia mō te tipu ā muri ake nei, mō ngā whakapai ake rānei

Mō ngā Pokapū Raraunga

Ko ngā oma poto i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga me whakamahi muka maha-aratau. Ko tōna matua nui ake (te nuinga o te wā 50 ki te 100 maikorona) ka whakangawari i ngā hononga me te whakaiti i te utu. Ka taea e te maha-aratau te whakamahi i ngā tere teitei mō ngā whata tūmau me ngā hononga rokiroki. He pai te mahi tahi me ngā puna mārama iti te utu pērā i ngā rama LED me ngā VCSEL.

He rawe te muka aratau maha mō ngā oma tae atu ki te 500–600 mita, ā, he iti tonu te utu ahakoa te pikinga o ngā tere raraunga whatunga. Mō ngā hononga roa o ngā whare raraunga, o ngā whare rānei, ka riro mā te muka aratau kotahi. He nui ake te utu o te aratau kotahi, nā te mea he nui te utu o ngā whakawhiti raraunga, engari he mea tika mō ngā hononga e horapa ana ki te kāreti, ki te tāone rānei. Whakapaia tō whakaritenga ā muri ake nei mā te whakarite kia tere ake, kia hou ake rānei ngā taputapu ā muri ake nei.

Mō ngā puni

Ko ngā whare wānanga he tata tonu ngā whare, he maha ngā momo muka. He ngāwari ki te urutau, e tautoko ana i te huihuinga o ngā tono (pēnei i te raraunga, te reo, me te ataata), ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i te pikinga o te tono whānui ina nui haere ngā taputapu e hono mai ana.

Kōwhiria te taumata tika mō tō whirihoranga—OM3, OM4, OM5 rānei mō ngā tere me te oma tae atu ki te 2 km! Whakaarohia me pēhea te whakawhānui ake i tō whatunga. Mā te muka, kua whakatakotoria inaianei ka taea te tango tohu tere ake i muri mai, ka penapena wā me te moni ā muri ake nei.

Mō te Haerenga Roa

Ko ngā whatunga tawhiti-roa—tāone, i waenga rānei i ngā tāone hei tauira—e whakawhirinaki ana ki te muka aratau kotahi. Ko tōna whānui matua iti e pupuri ana i ngā tohu kia tata, e toro atu ana ki te 40 kiromita me te iti rawa o te ngaronga. Me whai i ngā taputapu whakawhiti motuhake kua arotauhia mō te whānuitanga o ēnei oma.

He pai te aratau kotahi mō ngā whatunga tuara me ngā whatunga tereina, ko te tere me te pono te mea nui. He nui ake te utu i te tīmatanga engari he penapena i runga i te iti o ngā pūorooro, ngā whakapainga rānei a muri ake nei. I te whakamahere, whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga o nāianei me ngā mea ka taea e te whatunga te whakahaere i roto i ngā tau e rima, tekau rānei.

Ngā Utu Huna

Ko ngā whakatinanatanga o ngā taura muka whatu, tae atu ki ngā taura muka whatu maha-aratau me te taura muka whatu kotahi-aratau, ehara i te mea he utu tāpiri noa iho i te tīmatanga. He maha ngā utu huna ka puta ake i te wā o te kaupapa, i ngā tau rānei i muri mai, ka pā nui ki te tahua whānui.

Utu Pūwhakawhiti

He mea nui ngā taputapu whakawhiti hei tuku i ngā tohu mārama ki te tomo me te puta i ngā taura muka. Mō ngā muka aratau-kotahi, he nui ake te utu o ngā taputapu whakawhiti i ngā momo aratau-maha. Nā te mea he tino motuhake ngā taiaho e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taputapu whatu aratau-kotahi hei tuku tohu tae atu ki ētahi kiromita te roa. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu o te taura, ko ngā taputapu whatu te mea tino whai hua mōu.

He iti ake te utu mō ngā whakawhiti maha-aratau engari he poto ake te tawhiti e mahi ana, he rau mita te nuinga. Ki te whiriwhiri koe i ngā muka maha-aratau teitei ake mō te toro atu, te whānui rānei o te hononga, ka tere te memeha o ngā penapena whakawhiti. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā whatu hototahi—mā te whakamahi i te momo hē ka puta he hoko taputapu tāpiri, he taura whakatikatika aratau rānei, ka puta he utu huna i ia taura. Mā te whakamahere mō ngā whakapainga roa, te tawhito me te whiriwhiri i ngā whatu OEM ka āwhina i te pupuri i ēnei utu kia kore e neke.

Pūkenga Tāutanga

Ehara i te mea he mahi noa te mono i ngā taura ki te ipurangi, engari me mahi ngā ringa toi. He angiangi, he pakarukaru hoki ngā miro muka, nō reira, mā te hē o te nekehanga ka pakaru te hononga, ka ngaro rānei te tohu. Ka rite te tāutanga kino ki te mamae o te upoko, te hinganga o ngā tohu, me te ngaronga o te wā i te huarahi.

E mōhio ana ngā tohunga hangarau mātau ki te hono, te hono, me te tiaki i ēnei taura. KŪPONO): He nui ake te utu mō te whakangungu, engari ka whai hua mā te iti ake o ngā motuhanga me te roa ake o te ora o te taura. I a koe e whakatakoto ana i te tahua, he mea whakaaro nui kia whakaurua te utu mō ngā kaiwhakauru kounga teitei, kaua ko ngā taputapu anake.

Ngā Utauta Whakamātautau

Rārangi arowhai mō ngā taputapu whakamātautau:

• Mita mana whatu: ine i te kaha o te tohu, he mea nui mō te aratau kotahi me te aratau maha.

• Pūtake mārama: ka tirohia te haere tonu o te taura.

• Ine whakaata rohe-wā whatu (OTDR): te kimi hapa, te whakatau tata i te roa o te taura.

• Kimi hapa tirohanga: ngā wāhi pakaru me ngā piko.

• Karu tirotiro: kia ma ai ngā hononga.

Ehara i te mea utu nui te hoko, te reti rānei i ēnei taputapu. Ehara te whakamātautau i te mea kotahi noa te otinga—me whakamātautau tonu ngā whatunga kia mau tonu ai te pono me te tere. Mā ngā taputapu tika ka māmā ake te kimi wawe i ngā raruraru, ā, ka piki ake pea ngā utu, inā koa mō ngā whirihoranga muka nui, muka whakaranu rānei.

Kei tua atu i ngā Kaupapa Taketake

Ehara i te mea ko te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi anake te mea e pā ana ki te muka whatu aratau maha, engari ko te mārama ki te tere, te tawhiti, me te mārama o te haere o tō tohu. Mā te ruku hohonu ki ngā taipitopito hangarau o te horapa me te whakarea ka rite koe ki te whakatau whakaaro nui ake i te wā e hoahoa ana i tētahi pokapū raraunga hou, e whakapai ake ana rānei i tētahi hanganga whatunga o te puni.

Te Mararatanga Aratau

Ka puta te mararatanga aratau i roto i ngā muka maha-aratau nā te mea kāore te mārama e haere tika ana—ka whakaata i ngā ara rerekē, i ngā momo rānei, i roto i te matua nui o te muka. Mā ēnei ara rerekē ka tae mai ngā pāorooro mārama i ngā wā rerekē, ka pania te tohu, ka whakawhāiti i tōna toronga me tōna tere, inā koa i ngā tere teitei ake. Hei tauira, e 33 mita anake te tawhiti o te muka maha-aratau OM1 i te 10G, 82 mita noa iho te tawhiti o OM2—he tuanui tika mō ngā whakarei kaha.

• Kōwhiria ngā muka aratau maha kounga teitei (OM3, OM4, OM5 rānei) kia nui ake ai te whānui o te hononga me te toronga.

• Whakamahia ngā kōwae whakatikatika tohu hei horoi i ngā pāorooro.

• Rāhuitia te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā hononga tere-nui, tawhiti-roa.

• Ka poto te taura mō ngā tāutanga OM1 me OM2 tawhito nā te pao o te manawa.

Mena kei te mahi koe i tētahi mea i tua atu i te whatunga tari kuware, me kimi he wāhi mō te modal dispersion i roto i tō rārangi arowhai.

Te Mararatanga o te Tae

Ka ara ake te mararatanga o te tae, nā te mea kāore ngā tae katoa (ngā roangaru) o te mārama e tere haere ana i roto i te karāhe i te tere kotahi. I ngā oma roa, inā koa i roto i te muka aratau kotahi, ka hua ake tēnei i te horapa o te tohu – ka taea e ngā pao te rere tahi, ka uaua ake te wetewete i ngā raraunga i te pito kē. He āwangawanga nui ake tēnei i a koe e tere haere ana, e tawhiti atu rānei, whakaarohia ngā hononga muka whakawhiti-whenua.

Mā te uho iti o te muka aratau kotahi (8–10 maikorona) ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mararatanga aratau, engari kei te mau tonu te mararatanga chromatic. Mō ngā whatunga tawhiti, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihangarau ngā muka whakaōrite-marara, ka taea te toro atu ki tua atu i te 200 kiromita. Ka whakamahia e rātou ngā taiaho whānuitanga roa-ngaru whaiti me ngā taputapu whakaōrite hiko hei pupuri i ngā tohu kia ma.

Te Whakareatanga Wehenga Roangaru

Mā te whakareatanga wehewehenga roangaru, te WDM rānei, ka whakanui ake i te kaha o te muka mā te tuku i ngā tohu maha i runga i ngā roangaru rerekē kia horapa i runga i te taura muka whatu maha-aratau kotahi i te wā kotahi. He rite ki te huri i tētahi rori kotahi hei huarahi maha-ara, ka taea ai e koe te whakanui ake i tō taura muka whatu kua tāutahia, ka penapena i te wāhi me te moni. He mea nui tēnei whai huatanga i roto i ngā whatunga metro, i ngā whatunga tuara rānei, ina kore e taea te whakatakoto i ētahi atu taura muka whatu tuku iho.

Ehara te WDM i te mono-ā-taka; he mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā taiaho, ngā whakakaha, me ngā tātari e tika ana e hangai ana ki ngā roangaru tika. Mā tēnei ka kore ngā tohu e totohu, e ngaro rānei, ka taea ai te whakanui ake i ngā kaha o te whānui o te raraunga mēnā e tika ana.

Te Tirohanga ki Mua

Mā te matatau ki ēnei ariā—te marara aratau me te chromatic, te WDM, me ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te taura muka whatu maha-aratau me te taura muka whatu kotahi-aratau—ko te tikanga ehara i te mea ko ngā taura anake e tīpakohia ana e koe, engari kei te tito koe i tētahi whatunga he tere, he koi, ā, he rite mō ngā mea ka puta mai.

Te Whakatūpato i tō Whatunga mō te Ao Whānui

Kāore e tawhiti atu i tō hinengaro te tipu ā muri ake nei i te wā e hanga ana i tētahi whatunga. Kāore he tangata e hiahia ana ki te haehae i ngā taura, ki te whakawhiti taputapu rānei i ia tau torutoru, nō reira he mea nui te whakamahere. He mea nui te āheinga ki te whakawhanui—he rite ki te hoko whare me ētahi rūma tāpiri, kia whai wāhi ai koe ki te tipu. Me tautoko e ngā whatunga he nui ake te haere o ngā waka, ngā taputapu hou, me ngā tere tere ake i te heke mai. Koia te mea nui ko te whiriwhiri i ngā taura muka whatu me ngā taputapu e kore e tere te tawhito.

He kōwhiringa pai te muka hei tiaki i tō whatunga ā muri ake nei, nā te mea ka taea e ia te tuku raraunga he nui atu i te parahi. Me nui te kaha o te whānui o te hononga ki te rerema, te kapua, me ngā whakawhiti kōnae nui. Kāore he uaua ki te whakahaere i ēnei e te muka. Mō ngā pakihi nui, ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā whare wānanga rānei, ka iti ake te āwangawanga mō ngā arai kei te heke mai, inā koa ka whakamahia ngā taura muka whatu aratau kotahi.

He pai ake te mahi a te muka aratau-kotahi mō ngā oma roa. Ka kitea i roto i ngā whatunga puta noa i te tāone, i te hono i ngā whare tari, i ngā pokapū raraunga nui rānei he nui ngā āputa i waenga i ngā whatanga. Ka taea e ia te tuku tohu ki ngā wāhi katoa tae atu ki te 40 kiromita me te kore āwhina. He mea nui tēnei mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki tētahi whatunga kotahi hei hipoki i tētahi kāmpus, hei hono rānei i ngā wāhi tawhiti. Anei te raruraru, he nui ake te utu tīmatanga mō ngā taputapu aratau-kotahi, engari i te wā roa, inā koa mō ngā oma roa me ngā tere nui ake, he maha ngā wā ka utua e ia anō.

He pai ake te muka maha-aratau ki te pēke moni mō ngā oma poto—i roto i te whare, i runga rānei i te papa. Kāore e taea te haere tawhiti, te tuku rānei i te nui o ngā mōhiohio. Ka taea e ngā momo hou pēnei i te muka OM5 te āwhina—me te tautoko i te whānui o te hononga tae atu ki te 28000 MHz/km—engari ahakoa tērā, kāore i hangaia mō ngā hononga whakawhiti-tāone. Aratau maha mō ngā peke poto me ngā whirihoranga ngāwari, aratau-kotahi mō āu mahere nui.

Ehara i te mea ko ngā taura anake te mea nui ki te whakamahere i ngā tere teitei ake. Kōwhiria ngā whakawhiti me ngā pana e hangai ana ki ō hiahia ā muri ake nei. Kia tūpato ki te ngaronga me te ngoikore o te tohu—ka kino ēnei ki te tere o te whatunga, ā, ka heke iho. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taura muka whatu maha-aratau kounga me ngā hononga tika ka mau tonu te pono o te tohu.

He mea nui tonu te utu. He iti ake te utu o te aratau maha mō ngā oma poto, engari ka nui ake te ohanga o te aratau kotahi ina piki ake ō hiahia. Mā te whakatau tika ka penapenahia ngā mamae me te moni mō te wā roa.

Whakamutunga

He tino painga ngā muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha. He pai te aratau kotahi mō ngā tere tawhiti me ngā tere tere. He pai te aratau maha mō ngā oma poto me ngā whakaritenga utu iti. He mārama ngā painga o ngā momo e rua mō ngā whirihoranga rerekē. Ehara i te mea he hangarau noa te muka, engari ko te huarahi e hono ai, e tohatoha ai tātou. He tari iti, he kāreti nui, he pakihi tīmatanga tere tipu rānei, ka whakaatuhia e ia wāhi he huringa hou. Ka whai wāhi katoa ngā utu, ngā taputapu me ngā mahere whakawhānui. I te tirohanga whakamua, ka huri ngā taurite muka i ia taahiraa. Hei kimi i te mea tino pai mōu, whakaarohia ō whakaritenga, ā, anga atu ki ngā pātai uaua. Kei te hiahia koe ki te ako atu, ki te hiahia āwhina rānei ki te whiriwhiri i te muka tika? Whakapā mai, ā, ka kōrero mātou mō te mea e pai ana ki a koe.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha?

He iti te matua o te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi mō te tuku raraunga tawhiti, tere-nui, ko ngā taura muka whatu aratau maha ia, he nui ake te matua, he pai mō ngā tawhiti poto me ngā otinga utu-whai hua.

Ko tēhea momo muka te mea pai mō te tuku raraunga tawhiti?

He mea tino pai te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti, e tautoko ana i ngā tawhiti roa me te iti ake o te whakaiti i te kaha o te taura muka whatu aratau maha tuku iho.

He iti ake te utu o te muka aratau maha i te muka aratau kotahi?

He pono, he iti ake te utu o ngā taura me ngā taputapu muka whatu aratau maha, engari ka rerekē pea ngā utu mō te wā roa i runga i te kaha o te whānui o te whatunga.

Ka taea e au te whakapai ake i te muka aratau maha ki te muka aratau kotahi me te ngāwari?

Ka uaua haere ngā taura muka whatu aratau kotahi me ngā taura muka whatu aratau maha e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu rerekē, nō reira mā te whakaaro whakamua ka ārai i ngā whakapainga utu nui.

Ko tēhea momo muka he māmā ake te tāuta me te tiaki?

He māmā ake te whakamahi i te taura muka whatu aratau maha, ā, he iti ake te utu ki te whakatinana, inā koa mō ngā tawhiti poto ake.

Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha mō taku whatunga?

Whakaarohia ō hiahia mō te tawhiti, ngā whakaritenga tere, me te tahua moni ina whiriwhiri ana i waenga i te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi mō ngā tono roa, tere-nui me ngā taura muka whatu aratau maha mō ngā whakatinanatanga poto ake, iti ake te utu.

He pai ake te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā rā kei te heke mai i te muka aratau maha?

Mā te taura muka whatu aratau kotahi ka nui ake te tauine mō ngā kaha whānui me ngā whakaritenga tawhiti ā muri ake nei, ka waiho hei kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mō te whakapakari i tō whatunga ā muri ake nei.