I-ONU, okanye i-Optical Network Unit, iguqula imiqondiso yefayibha ibe zizixhobo zedatha ezinokusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye eofisini. Ii-routers zidlulisela idatha kwiinethiwekhi kwaye zinceda izixhobo ekwabelaneni ngoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olufanayo. Iiswitshi ziqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi yendawo, zivumela ukuba zinxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Isixhobo ngasinye sihlukile ngomsebenzi waso: Ii-ONU ziqhagamshela kwimigca yefayibha, ii-routers zikhokela ithrafikhi ye-intanethi, kwaye iiswitshi zidibanisa izixhobo ezininzi kwindawo enye. Ukuze wenze izigqibo ezikrelekrele zenethiwekhi, kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba yintoni nganye eyenza ngcono. Icandelo elilandelayo liza kuchaza umahluko ophambili kunye nezicelo zesixhobo ngasinye.

Ukucacisa isixhobo ngasinye

Izixhobo zenethiwekhi yefayibha zinokubonakala zifana, nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ngamnye wahlukile kakhulu. Ukuqonda okwenziwa sisixhobo ngasinye kuya kukunceda ukuba wenze ngcono inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya okanye yeshishini. Nantsi ingqwalasela ekhawulezileyo yento eyenza isixhobo ngasinye sibaluleke kwiseti ye-fiber optic:

• I-ONU: Iqhagamshela ikhaya lakho okanye iofisi yakho kwinethiwekhi ye-fiber optic kwaye itshintsha imiqondiso yokukhanya ibe yimiqondiso yedijithali yezixhobo zakho.

• I-Router: Ilawula idatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yasekuhlaleni kunye ne-intanethi, ilungisa ithrafikhi, kwaye igcina inethiwekhi yakho ikhuselekile.

• Tshintsha: Idibanisa izixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekuhlaleni, ithumela idatha apho kufuneka iye khona ngaphakathi kwindawo yakho.

I-ONU

I-ONU (iYunithi yeNethiwekhi ye-Optical) isembindini welungiselelo ngalinye le-fiber-to-the-home. Umsebenzi wayo kukusebenza njengomlamli phakathi kwezixhobo zakho kunye nenethiwekhi enkulu ye-optical engaphezulu. Le bhokisi ifumana imiqondiso yokukhanya ekhawulezayo evela kumgca we-fiber kwaye iyiguqule ibe yimiqondiso yedijithali enokusetyenziselwa iikhompyutha zakho, iifowuni kunye neeTV ezikrelekrele. Ngaphandle kwe-ONU, akukho nanye kwizixhobo zakho ezilungele i-intanethi ebinokukwazi ukunxibelelana nenethiwekhi ye-fiber.

Ii-ONU zihlala zizityebi kwizibuko—ezinye zi-Ethernet kuphela, ezinye zongeza nge-interface yelizwi okanye yeTV. Kwi-PON eninzi, ikhaya ngalinye okanye ishishini line-ONU yalo. Oku kuvumela ababoneleli ukuba bafikelele ngokukhawuleza nangokungaguquguqukiyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngaxeshanye. Ii-ONU zibalulekile ekuboneleleni ngoqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo noluthembekileyo, nokuba yindlu ephakamileyo okanye yosapho olunye.

I-router

I-router ligosa lezothutho eliphambili lenethiwekhi. Ifaka ikhowudi yolwazi oluvela kwi-ONU kwaye igqibe ukuba sesiphi isixhobo esifumana ntoni. Ii-routers zisebenza kwiLayer 3, zihambisa idatha ngokusekelwe kwiidilesi ze-IP kwaye ziqondisa ipakethi nganye kwindawo eya kuyo, nokuba yilaptop okanye ifowuni yakho.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-router. Ezixhaphakileyo emakhaya zii-router ze-Wi-Fi, ezikuvumela ukuba uzulazule ngokukhululekileyo. Kwiiofisi, uza kubona ii-router ezineentambo ezisebenza ngethrafikhi eninzi. Ii-router zinokwenza okungaphezulu nje kokudlulisela phambili. Zinceda ekukhuseleni inethiwekhi yakho ngee-firewall kwaye zinokufihla izixhobo zakho kwimingcipheko yangaphandle nge-NAT. Iiprotokholi ze-routing kwezi zixhobo zinceda ekugcineni inethiwekhi yakho isebenza kakuhle kwaye izinzile ngokukhetha rhoqo indlela efanelekileyo yedatha yakho.

Utshintsho

Iswitshi idibanisa zonke izixhobo zakho—iilaptop, iiprinta, ii-smart home hubs—ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi. Ixhomekeke kwiintambo ze-Ethernet uninzi lwexesha, nangona ezinye iiswitshi eziphezulu zibonelela ngezinye iindlela ezingenazingcingo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: iiswitshi ezingalawulwayo, ozifakela nje kwaye uzisebenzise, ​​kunye neeswitshi ezilawulwayo, ezikuvumela ukuba ulawule ithrafikhi, ubeke izinto eziza kuqala, okanye wahlule inethiwekhi yakho ibe ngamacandelo. Iiswitshi zisebenza kwiLayer 2, nangona iintlobo ezithile ezilawulwayo zifikelela kwiLayer 3 kwimisebenzi efana nokuhambisa phakathi kweeVLAN. Ngokuthumela idatha kuphela kwisixhobo esilungiselelwe ukuyifumana, iiswitshi zinceda ekuthinteleni ukuxinana nokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo ngasinye sifumana i-bandwidth efunekayo. Iiports ezingaphezulu zikuvumela ukuba ufake izixhobo ezingaphezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinto.

Umahluko ophambili: I-ONU vs i-Router vs i-Switch

Iinethiwekhi zefayibha zisebenzisa indibaniselwano yezixhobo—i-ONU, i-router, kunye neswitshi—ukuthutha idatha ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo. Ngayinye inendima yayo eyahlukileyo, isebenza kwiileya ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi, kwaye inefuthe kwindlela abasebenzisi abaqhagamshela ngayo kwaye bahlala bekhuselekile. Nantsi ingqwalasela emfutshane yendlela ezihlangana ngayo:

1. Umsebenzi oPhambili

Ii-ONU ngokuyintloko ziyindlela yokuxhawulana phakathi kwekhaya lakho okanye iofisi kunye nomgca wefayibha womboneleli. Indima yazo ephambili kukuguqula imiqondiso yokukhanya kwefayibha ibe yinto eqhelekileyo—njengeelaptops okanye iifowuni—enokusetyenziswa. Ezinye ii-ONU zikwaphethe imiqondiso ye-Wi-Fi, yelizwi, okanye yeTV.

Ii-routers zithwala umthwalo omkhulu wendlela yokuhambisa idatha phakathi kwezixhobo zakho zasekuhlaleni kunye nehlabathi langaphandle. Zisebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP, zichonga apho ipakethi nganye yedatha kufuneka ithunyelwe khona kwaye zigcina yonke into ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba kukho izixhobo ezininzi eziqhagamshelweyo ngexesha elinye.

Kwelinye icala, iiswitshi zizilwanyana ezithuleyo ngasemva. Ziqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi efanayo yasekuhlaleni—cinga ngeeprinta, iiPC, kunye neekhamera kwinkampani. Iiswitshi azilawuli ithrafikhi yangaphandle—zigcina isantya kunye nobulula bethrafikhi ngaphakathi kweendonga zakho.

Xa zizonke, aba bantu benza inethiwekhi enokufikelela kwi-intanethi, igcine izixhobo zasekuhlaleni zimanyene, kwaye iqhagamshelane nehlabathi phakathi kobhedu kunye nefayibha.

2. Umaleko weNethiwekhi

Ii-ONU zisebenza ikakhulu kwiileya zonxibelelwano lwe-physical kunye nedatha, zenza umsebenzi wokuguqula isignali kunye nemisebenzi yokudibanisa imigca esisiseko.

IiRouters zihlala kumaleko wenethiwekhi, apho zichonga khona ukuhanjiswa kwepakethi, zilawula iidilesi ze-IP, kwaye zahlula iinethiwekhi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

Iiswitshi zisebenza kumaleko wekhonkco ledatha, kodwa ezinye zinokwenza uthutho oluqhelekileyo phakathi kweeVLAN kwiMaleko 3. Oko kukuthi, iiswitshi zibalulekile kunxibelelwano olukhawulezayo lwesixhobo ukusuka kwisixhobo ukuya kwisixhobo.

Umaleko ngamnye unomsebenzi wawo. Ii-ONU zijongene nokudlulisa imiqondiso, ii-routers zisasaza idatha phakathi kweenethiwekhi, kwaye iiswitshi ziphucula unxibelelwano lwasekuhlaleni.

3. Ulawulo lweTrafikhi

Ii-ONU ziguqula imiqondiso ye-optical ibe yeyombane ukuze izixhobo zakho zikwazi ukuyitolika. Azibeki phambili ithrafikhi okanye zabe i-bandwidth, ziyithumela nje.

Ii-routers ziyazahlula ngokuphatha ithrafikhi kuzo zombini iindlela. Ziyalathisa ithrafikhi, zikhethe indlela efanelekileyo, kwaye zisebenza ukuthintela iingxaki, ingakumbi xa abasebenzisi abaninzi bekwi-intanethi.

Iiswitshi zijongana nazo zonke iingxaki phakathi kwezixhobo zasekuhlaleni. Zisusa i-latency, zithumela idatha kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba iiprinta zakho, iiPC kunye neefowuni zinokunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza.

Ii-routers zijongana nombono ophezulu. Iiswitshi kunye nee-ONU zigcina ithrafikhi yendawo icocekile kwaye ikhawuleza.

4. Indima yoKhuseleko

Ii-routers zisebenzisa ii-firewalls, i-NAT kunye ne-VPN ukukhusela iinethiwekhi.

Ii-ONU kunye neeswitshi zinokhuseleko oluncinci okanye azinalo kwaphela.

Iiswitshi zinokumisela ii-VLAN kwaye zivale ii-ports ukuze kukhuseleke.

Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kwi-router, hayi kakhulu kwiiswitshi kunye nee-ONU.

5. Indawo Ebekwe Ngayo

Ii-ONU zifumaneka kwindawo yokugcina ifayibha, ngokuqhelekileyo zikufutshane nendawo yokungena kwentambo.

Ii-routers zihlala apho zinokufikelela khona wonke umsebenzisi—ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ekhayeni okanye eofisini.

Iiswitshi zihlala kwiindawo zokunxibelelana okanye kwiikhabhathi zocingo.

Indawo ozibeka kuyo ichaphazela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yakho.

Indlela Abasebenzisana Ngayo

Inethiwekhi yefayibha enamafutha amaninzi idibanisa amandla e-ONU, i-router, kunye neswitshi ukuhambisa idatha evela kumboneleli ukuya kwizikrini zakho. Zonke izixhobo zinendima yazo, ukuguqula imiqondiso, ukuqondisa ukuhamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ifika ikhuselekile kwaye iphilile. Le ntsebenziswano yiyo enikezela nge-intanethi ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo kumakhaya nakumashishini kwihlabathi liphela.

Uhambo lweDatha

Idatha iqala uhambo lwayo njengoko ukukhanya kubetha kumgca wefayibha. I-ONU, ekwicala lesiseko somsebenzisi, ifumana ezi bethayibha kwaye iziguqule zibe ziimpawu zombane. Oku kufana ne-decoder eguqula ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye, ngoko ke inethiwekhi yakho yendawo 'inokuqonda' ukuba ithini ifayibha.

Nje ukuba iguqulwe, i-router ithatha indawo. Bubuchule bolungiselelo, ilawula idatha kwiiwebhu. Njengoko i-router ihlola ipakethi nganye, iqwalasela apho kufuneka ifike khona, ijonga itafile yayo yokuhambisa ukuze ikhethe indlela esebenza kakuhle. Ezinye ii-routers zinokucoca ithrafikhi kwaye zisebenzise iinkonzo zokhuseleko, ziqinisekisa ukuba idatha efanelekileyo kuphela idlula kuyo.

Emva koko kulandela utshintsho. Ixhomekeke kwi-router, ilawula izixhobo kwi-LAN yakho – iiprinta, ii-workstations okanye iifowuni ze-IP, umzekelo. Utshintsho lwe-Layer 2 luyigcina ikwindawo, idlulisela idatha ngaphakathi kwecandelo elinye. Ukuba unesimo esikhulu, utshintsho lwe-Layer 3 lunokuhamba phakathi kwee-VLAN ezahlukeneyo. Zonke ziyasebenzisana ukukunika ukufikelela okukhawulezayo nokukhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okanye ingxaki. Indlela esuka ekukhanyeni ukuya kwisixhobo iyaguquguquka, iguqula inkqubo yetekhnoloji entsonkothileyo ibe yisixhobo esilula se-quotidian.

Izixhobo eziDibeneyo

Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo – oko kukuthi, ii-ONT-modem-router combos – zitshintsha umdlalo kubasebenzisi abaninzi. Ezi yunithi ezizimeleyo zombini bezikade zingamabhokisi ahlukeneyo – ngoku, ukuseta kulula kakhulu. Kubasebenzisi basekhaya kuthetha ukuba iintambo ezincinci, ukungabikho koxinzelelo oluninzi kunye nokufakelwa okulula kwe-plug-and-play.

Eyona nto iphambili apha kukulula. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi intambo exhumayo okanye ukhathazeke ngokuhambelana kweempawu phakathi kweempawu. Njengesiqhelo, nangona kunjalo, ukutshintshiselana. Ibhokisi yonke-kwinye ilula, kodwa ikuthintela ekulungiseni useto okanye ekuhlaziyeni izinto ngazinye. Ukuba unqwenela ulawulo olupheleleyo okanye ukusebenza kakuhle, iiyunithi ezizimeleyo zisenokulawula kakuhle.

Ukufaneleka nako kubalulekile. Ayizizo zonke izixhobo ezidibeneyo ezisebenza nazo zonke iinkonzo zefayibha okanye ezixhasa iimpawu eziphambili ezifana neeVLAN okanye imithetho yokuhambisa eyenzelwe wena. Soloko uhlola oko kucetyiswa ngumboneleli wakho kunye noko kufunwa yinethiwekhi yakho phambi kokuba uthenge.

Ukukhetha isixhobo sakho

Isixhobo sakho senethiwekhi yakho yefayibha simalunga nokuqonda into oyifunayo kwi-intanethi yakho, inani labasebenzisi okanye izixhobo onokuba nazo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lokuhlola olunokukunceda ukhokele isigqibo sakho:

• Qinisekisa ukuhambelana ne-ISP yakho kunye nohlobo lwefayibha (GPON, EPON)

• Cinga ngenani lezixhobo ezisebenzisa intambo kunye neentambo oza kuzixhuma.

• Qinisekisa ukuba ufuna i-Wi-Fi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, okanye i-router eyahlukileyo.

• Khangela ubuncinci iiport zeLAN ezine ukuze ukwazi ukuguquguquka.

• Jonga iimpawu ezifana neQoS zokusasaza ngaphandle kwe-buffer okanye i-VPN ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kude.

• Cinga ngemigangatho engenazingcingo—khetha inkxaso ye-802.11ac okanye ye-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) engaphezulu kwe-1200 Mbps.

• Inani lee-antenna libalulekile (3-4 liqhelekile), kodwa ukugqunywa kwesignali kuchaphazeleka yitship.

• Cinga kwangaphambili—gcina indawo yezixhobo ezingaphezulu okanye isantya esikhawulezayo.

• Xuba kwaye udibanise: ONU + Router, okanye wongeze iSwitch ukuba kuyimfuneko.

IiNethiwekhi zaseKhaya

• Kwinkoliso yamakhaya, i-router ye-Wi-Fi ene-plug-and-play iseti yeyona ifanelekileyo.

• Khetha i-router eneendawo ezine zeLAN ubuncinane ezine zeeTV ezikrelekrele, ii-game consoles okanye iiPC zedesktop.

• Ukuba uzele zizixhobo, iswitshi ingagcina uqhagamshelo olunezintambo luqinile kwaye lukhawuleza.

• Skena inkxaso ye-Wi-Fi 6 ukuze ufumane isantya esingcono kunye nokugubungela okuphuculweyo.

• Ngenxa yokusasaza, imidlalo, kunye nokusebenza kude konke oku kukhuthaza inethiwekhi yakho—i-QoS inokunceda ukugcina izinto zihamba kakuhle.

• Cinga ukuba unqwenela i-ONU Wi-Fi okanye i-router eyahlukileyo. I-ONU Wi-Fi ibonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo, kodwa izixhobo ngazinye zibonelela ngolawulo oluthe kratya.

Usapho olusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi—iilaptop, iifowuni, iibhokisi zokusasaza—lufuna i-router enee-antenna eziqinileyo kunye netshiphu egcina isantya xa wonke umntu ekwi-intanethi. Kumakhaya akrelekrele aneentambo ezininzi kunye neemfuno zentambo, ukwandisa iswitshi kunokwenza ubomi bube lula ngokusasaza uqhagamshelo.

Amashishini Amancinci

Ishishini elincinci lifuna i-router enamandla ukuxhasa abasebenzisi abaninzi kunye ne-traffic eninzi. Iiswitshi zixhasa iiprinta, iifowuni ze-VoIP, kunye nendawo yokugcina ekwabelwana ngayo, ukuze ukwazi ukwabelana ngeefayile ngokulula kwaye unxibelelane.

Ii-ONU zibalulekile xa unqwenela uqhagamshelo lwefayibha olungaguqukiyo. Zisebenza njengoqhagamshelo kwi-ISP yakho kwaye zinokudityaniswa nee-routers okanye iiswitshi. Cinga ngokukhula—khetha izixhobo ezikunika abasebenzisi abongezelelweyo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo njengoko ishishini lakho likhula.

Ukubala kobubanzi kuyabala. Khetha izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba wandise ngeeports ze-LAN ezongezelelweyo, iindawo zokufikelela ezingenazingcingo, okanye isantya esikhawulezayo njengoko iimfuno zakho zisanda. Izinto ezifana ne-VPN kunye ne-QoS zifanelekile kwimisebenzi yeshishini ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.

IiNethiwekhi zeKhampasi

Iinethiwekhi zekhampasi zinzima, zigubungela izakhiwo ezininzi kunye namakhulu ezixhobo. Ii-routers zezinga le-enterprise ziyimfuneko yokusingatha imithwalo yezithuthi kunye nokugcina abasebenzisi beqhagamshelwe.

Iiswitshi zidibanisa iilabhoratri, iiofisi kunye neeklasi, zidibanisa yonke into ukusuka kwiikhompyutha ukuya kwiindawo zokufikelela. Ii-ONU zibonelela ngonxibelelwano lwefayibha olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo kuzo zonke izakhiwo okanye amasebe, zigcina abafundi kunye nabafundisi beenkonzo benxibelelene.

Musa ukungazisebenzisi kakhulu iimpawu zokhuseleko. Khangela iiswitshi kunye nee-routers ezine-firewalls ezinamandla kunye nolawulo lolawulo kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni ukugcina inethiwekhi isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula.

Inethiwekhi yekhampasi isebenza ngokucwangcisa. Khetha izixhobo zakho ukuze zande njengoko ufuna ukuguquka ngaphandle kokuphinda uzithenge zonke.

Ukusebenza kunye nokukhula

Ukusebenza kunye nokukhula kuchaza ukuqina kwayo nayiphi na inethiwekhi yefayibha. Zimisela indlela esebenza ngayo inethiwekhi phantsi kwenani elikhulayo labasebenzisi, ukwanda kobuninzi bedatha, kunye nokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isantya, ukubambezeleka, iindlela zokuphucula kunye nolawulo lwebhendiwidth zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezinokugcina izixhobo zakho eziqhagamshelweyo zisebenza kakuhle.

1. Ii-ONU zibonelela ngeso sigaba sokugqibela see-fiber links, ngoko ke isantya sazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo kuchaphazela amava omsebenzisi wokugqibela. Ii-routers ziqondisa kwaye zahlule i-traffic, zinegalelo ekugcineni wonke umntu kwi-intanethi ekhawulezayo kwaye egudileyo. Itshintsha idatha phakathi kwezixhobo zasekuhlaleni—ezinye zikuvumela ukuba ubeke phambili i-traffic ukuze ulawule ngakumbi. Ulawulo lwe-bandwidth luyimfuneko kwiinethiwekhi ezixineneyo okanye ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukukhula kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukwazi ukongeza abasebenzisi okanye izixhobo ngaphandle kokuncipha, ngoko ke iiprotokholi ezifana ne-LACP zibalulekile. Ukuvavanya iimfuno ezikhawulezileyo nezexesha elizayo kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuxhasa izicwangciso zakho zexesha elide.

IiMetriki zesantya

Ii-ONU zingumlamli phakathi komgca wefayibha kunye nekhaya okanye ishishini, kwaye zihlala zilawula isantya ukusuka kwi-1 Gbps ukuya kwi-10 Gbps nangaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sefayibha. Ii-routers nazo kufuneka ziqhubeke, ngakumbi njengoko amakhaya kunye neeofisi ziqhubeka nokulayisha izixhobo—ii-routers eziphambili ngoku zine-25G okanye ii-100G links, okuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuxinana. Iiswitshi zikhanya kwisantya sendawo: Iiswitshi zeLayer 3, umzekelo, zinokuhambisa ithrafikhi ngaphakathi endaweni yokuyithumela yonke kwi-router, enciphisa amaxesha okulinda. Imilinganiselo yesantya, efana ne-throughput kunye nesantya se-port, ibonisa ukuba abasebenzisi bokwenyani baya kuba nakho ukusebenza mihla le.

Impembelelo yokuLibaziseka

I-latency ephantsi igcina imidlalo ekwi-intanethi ithambile kwaye iifowuni zevidiyo zicacile. Ii-ONU zinokuzisa i-latency ethile ukuba ayihambelani kakuhle nenethiwekhi yefayibha, kubasebenzisi abaninzi umahluko mncinci. Ii-routers zibaluleke ngakumbi ekugcineni i-latency ephantsi kuba zichonga apho ipakethi nganye ithunyelwa khona kwaye ngesantya esingakanani. Iiswitshi zisebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokutshintsha okuncinci ukuze kuncitshiswe i-latency. Ukutshintsha ukugcina nokudlulisa kunciphisa isantya esithile ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwedatha. Kwiinethiwekhi ezixineneyo, i-millisecond nganye ibalulekile, ngakumbi kumaqela asebenza ngexesha langempela okanye abafundi abakude.

Iindlela zoPhuculo

Ugqatso lobuchwepheshe luyaqhubeka, ngokukhawuleza. Ii-ONU zinokufuna utshintsho njengoko isantya sefayibha sisanda. Ii-routers ezikwaziyo ukwandiswa, ezinee-ports zemodyuli kunye nenkxaso yemigangatho emitsha, ziyakhusela inethiwekhi kwixesha elizayo. Ii-switches ezixhasa iinkqubo kunye nesantya esingaphezulu zinokukhula ngeshishini okanye isikolo. Ukukhangela ii-routers ezilungele i-5G okanye ii-switches zefayibha ezineendawo zokwandisa kunokusindisa iintloko ezibuhlungu. Ukugcina iindaba zobuchwepheshe, nokukhetha izixhobo ezilula ukuziphucula, kuqinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi yakho iya kuhlala iqinile njengoko iimfuno zitshintsha.

Ulawulo lweBhendiwidth

Iiswitshi ezilawulwayo zikuvumela ukuba ubeke phambili okanye ubeke imithetho malunga nokuba ngubani ofumana ipesenti engakanani ye-bandwidth, nto leyo ilungele ubulungisa xa kukho abantu abaninzi kwi-intanethi. Uninzi lwee-routers zibonelela ngokutshintsha kwethrafikhi/umgangatho wolawulo lwenkonzo. Ulawulo oluhle lwe-bandwidth luthintela isixhobo esinye ekubambeni ezinye. Oku kubalulekile kwiiofisi, izikolo okanye kumakhaya axakekileyo.

Ngaphaya Kweziseko

Izixhobo zenethiwekhi yefayibha ezifana nee-ONU, ii-routers, kunye neeswitshi zonke zineendleko ezinxulumene noko kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa. Ukukhetha esifanelekileyo kungaphezulu nje kwexabiso lesitikha. Endaweni yoko, abasebenzisi kufuneka baqwalasele indlela ezi zixhobo ezihambelana ngayo neenjongo zexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

Iindleko Zokusebenza

Iindleko zokuqalisa ii-ONU zinokuba zinkulu, kuba isiphelo sefayibha ngasinye sifuna iyunithi yaso. Ii-routers, ezinee-two-port configurations zazo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezingaphezulu, zinokubonelela nge-invoyisi yokuqala esemgangathweni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi ze-MAN okanye ze-WAN. Iiswitshi - ezinee-ports ezifikelela kuma-52 - zihlala zinyuka ixabiso njengoko iinethiwekhi zikhula, kodwa zinokulawula uqhagamshelo olunentambo oluninzi kwisixhobo ngasinye.

Izixhobo ezikrelekrele zibiza kancinci ekuhambeni kwexesha. Umzekelo, i-router yethrafikhi elawulwa ngobuchule efumanisa iindlela ezilungileyo nezingabizi kakhulu inokunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iiswitshi ezisebenzayo nezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi nazo zinegalelo ekunciphiseni iindleko. Sekunjalo, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokuphucula lubalulekile. Itekhnoloji yefayibha iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukutshintsha okanye ukufaka izixhobo kugcina iinethiwekhi ezingenamthungo. Kububulumko ukuqwalasela iindleko zokwenyani ngonyaka, kungekuphela nje ekuqaleni.

Iimfuno zoLondolozo

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile. Ii-ONU zifuna ukujongwa rhoqo kwamandla esignali kunye nempilo yefayibha. Ukuze zihlale zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhuselekile, ii-routers zifuna uhlaziyo lwe-firmware kunye nama-patches okhuseleko. Iiswitshi zifuna uvavanyo lwee-port kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifuna ukutshintshana ngeentambo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.

Iingcali zenethiwekhi ziyinxalenye enkulu yale nto. Zibamba iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe nkulu, zilungisa iingxaki, kwaye zigcina unxibelelwano lwesixhobo. Ishedyuli efanelekileyo yokulungisa yandisa ubomi besixhobo kwaye inciphisa iindleko ezingalindelekanga. Hlela ukujonga, gcina iingxelo, uhlaziye xa kuyimfuneko- le mikhwa ilula igcina iintloko kamva.

Iindlela Zekamva

I-Fiber optics ikhawuleza ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ii-ONU ezintsha kunye neeswitshi zinokusebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye zisebenzise idatha engaphezulu. I-AI iqalisa ukunceda ii-routers ekwenzeni izigqibo ezikhawulezayo nezikrelekrele malunga neendlela zedatha. Ii-Smart switches zinokubona imiba ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzisi baqaphele.

Ukwazi ezi nguqu kugcina iinethiwekhi ziqinile. Lindela imigangatho nezixhobo ezizayo, kwaye ucwangcise uphuculo oluhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zexesha elide. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezinokuvela kuya kuzihlawulela ngexesha nemali eyongiweyo kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zenethiwekhi yefayibha kuba lula kakhulu wakuba uqonda umsebenzi wecandelo ngalinye. I-ONU iqhagamshela ikhaya lakho kumgca wefayibha. I-router isasaza i-intanethi kwigumbi lakho. Iswitshi idlulisela ithrafikhi kwindawo efanelekileyo. Bonke bangcono kumsebenzi wabo. Umzekelo, iswitshi igcina iofisi enkulu icula. I-router ifanele amakhaya okanye iivenkile ezincinci. Ukufumana ibhalansi yezi zinto ngokuchanekileyo kunokwandisa isantya kwaye kunciphise ukubambezeleka. Awudingi ulwimi oluphezulu ukuze uqaphele utshintsho. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci, olufana nokutshintsha iswitshi esidala, lunokubonisa ukunyuka kwesantya okungenakuphikiswa. Masakhe inethiwekhi ethambileyo! Qala kancinci kwaye ufumane ukunyuka ngoko nangoko.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni indima ephambili ye-ONU kwinethiwekhi yefayibha?

Njengoko igama lisebenza, i-ONU sisixhobo esidibanisa inethiwekhi ye-fiber optic nezixhobo zomsebenzisi. Esiguqulela isignali ye-optical kwisignali yombane kwaye sibonelela ngokufikelela kwi-intanethi ekhayeni lakho okanye kwishishini lakho.

I-router yahluke njani kwi-ONU?

I-router ihambisa ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ONU, ayiguquli imiqondiso ye-optical kodwa iqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi kwi-intanethi.

Ndifanele ndiyisebenzise nini iswitshi yenethiwekhi?

Sebenzisa iswitshi xa ufuna ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi ezineentambo kwinethiwekhi yasekuhlaleni. Ilawula ngobuchule ithrafikhi yedatha phakathi kwezixhobo ezifana neekhompyutha, iiprinta kunye neeseva.

Ndingayisebenzisa i-ONU njenge-router okanye iswitshi?

Hayi, i-ONU iguqula nje isignali. Ii-routers kunye neeswitshi zibonelela ngolawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye noqhagamshelo lwezixhobo. Zonke ezi zixhobo zidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwinethiwekhi.

Iirouters kunye neeswitshi zisebenza njani kunye kwinethiwekhi yefayibha?

Ii-routers zabelana nge-intanethi nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Iiswitshi zikhulisa inethiwekhi yakho ziye kwizixhobo ezininzi. Zikunye, ziseka inethiwekhi yendawo enokwandiswa nesebenzayo.

Yintoni endifanele ndiyiqwalasele xa ndikhetha phakathi kwe-ONU, i-router, kunye ne-switch?

Cinga ngeemfuno zakho zenethiwekhi. Ngoko ke, i-ONU vs i-router vs iswitshi - uyisebenzisa nini nganye? SEBENZISA i-ONU KWI-FIBER, i-ROUTER KWI-INTANETHI, TSHINTSHA KWIZIXHOBO EZININZI EZINXITYWEYO. Nganye ihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaba ii-ONU, ii-routers, kunye neeswitshi ziyahambelana noqhagamshelo lwefayibha olukhawulezayo?

Ewe, ii-ONU ezintsha, ii-routers, kunye neeswitshi zixhasa iinethiwekhi zefayibha ngesantya esiphezulu. Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo ngasinye siyahambelana neenkcukacha zomboneleli wakho wefayibha.