Iintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zingumqolo we-intanethi yethu yehlabathi. Zinoxanduva lobuninzi bedatha yamazwe ngamazwe, zinika amandla kwihlabathi lethu elidibeneyo.

I-United States isebenzisa ezi ntambo kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokubhankisha kunye nokusasaza. Ngenxa yoko, izitishi zokufikela kwiintambo ezikwiindawo zethu zibalulekile kwiindawo ezithe tyaba kunxibelelwano lwesizwe kunye nokhuseleko.

Namhlanje, ezi ntambo zolwandle zincinci kwaye zomelele ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ubunjineli obuqinileyo kunye neeshelufu zokukhusela ziyazikhusela kwiindawo ezishushu zolwandle.

Iintambo zenqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle zihlala ziphumelela ngaphezu kweesathelayithi ngesantya, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko, ziqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo noluzinzileyo, nokuba ngexesha leenkqwithela okanye iintlekele zemvelo.

Okumangalisa ngakumbi kukubeka nokugcina ezi ntambo zisemgangathweni. Lo msebenzi ufuna intsebenziswano, ucwangciso oluneenkcukacha, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ukunciphisa naziphi na iziphumo eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela iinkqubo zendalo zaselwandle ezibuthathaka.

Ngenxa yophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yedatha ekhawulezayo, ukutyala imali kwiintambo ezikrelekrele neziqinileyo kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuxhasa ikamva ledijithali laseMelika kunye nonxibelelwano lwehlabathi.

Intambo ye-fiber optic engaphantsi kwamanzi ngumsonto obhityileyo kakhulu, oguquguqukayo owenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki. Ithwala iintambo ze-fiber optic phantsi kolwandle, ezithumela imiqondiso yokukhanya ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kwamazwe kunye namazwekazi. Ezi ntambo zijikeleza amawaka eekhilomitha phezu kolwandle kwaye zihambisa phantse i-99 ekhulwini yethrafikhi ye-intanethi phakathi kwamazwekazi.

I-Nemours Children's Health, esetyenziswa zizixeko ezikhulu ukwenza iifowuni, ukuthumela ii-imeyile kunye nokusasaza iividiyo ngoko nangoko, inceda abantu bazive benxibelelene ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Iinjineli zixhomekeke kwiileya zangaphandle eziqinileyo ukukhusela iintambo emanzini anetyuwa arhabaxa kunye nobomi bolwandle obumangalisayo. Oku kuthintela naluphi na unxibelelwano olubi, kugcina ukuthembeka nokusebenza kweentambo.

Intambo nganye inako ukudlulisa idatha eninzi ngesantya sombane, nto leyo evumela amaMerika ukuba anxibelelane, asebenze, kwaye afumane ulwazi kumgama omde. Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kufumanisa ubuchwephesha bezi ntambo. Landela ukuze ufumane ingqiqo yemiphumo yazo ebonakalayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nonxibelelwano lwethu lwehlabathi.

Zithini Iintambo Zefayibha Ezingaphantsi Kwamanzi?

Iintambo zefayibha ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba ziintambo zasemanzini, zezona ngqwele zingaziwayo kwihlabathi lethu elidibeneyo. Ezi ntambo zithwala phantse yonke idatha yedijithali etshintshiselwana phakathi kwamazwekazi, phantse i-99% eneneni. Intambo nganye yomelele kakhulu, yenzelwe ukunyamezela iimeko ezinzima amawaka eekhilomitha phantsi kolwandle.

Iintambo ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle aziboneleli nje nge-intanethi ekhawulezayo – ziqhagamshela abantu, iimarike kunye namazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

1. Ukuchaza ezi ndlela zokuphila phantsi kolwandle

Ezi ntambo ziphambili kakhulu kwiintambo ze-intanethi kunye neefowuni kwihlabathi liphela. Zisebenza njengeendlela ezingabonakaliyo, zivumela ulwazi ukuba luhambe ukusuka eNew York ukuya eLondon ukuya eTokyo kwaye lubuye ngephanyazo.

Iintambo zenqanawa ezingaphantsi komhlaba zaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1850 nge-telegraph, kwaye ngoku zisebenzisa iifayibha zeglasi ezibhityileyo ezihambisa idatha njengokukhanya. Zithembeke ngakumbi kwaye zinamandla amakhulu kuneesathelayithi. Intambo enye ye-fiber optic inokudlulisa ii-terabits ezininzi ngomzuzwana, ngelixa iisathelayithi zilinganiselwe kwi-1/2000 yaloo mandla.

2. Zingaphi Iintambo Ezijikeleza Iglobhu?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintambo zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kwama-400 ezigubungela ihlabathi liphela. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezi mithambo zibalulekileyo zidibanisa uMntla Melika neYurophu, iAsia, kunye neAfrika.

Abadlali abakhulu ngabantu abaqhelekileyo abarhanelwa—uGoogle, uFacebook, kunye neenkampani zonxibelelwano ezindala.

Iintambo ezintsha zivela minyaka le njengoko imfuno ikhula.

3. Ubukhulu beCable: Intsomi vs. Inyani

Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo kukuba ezi ntambo zinkulu kakhulu. Enyanisweni, zisondelelene nobubanzi bepayipi yegadi—ubukhulu obuziisentimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Oko kwahluke kakhulu kwiintambo zetelegraph zokuqala, ezazizinkulu kakhulu.

Iintambo ezintsha nezincinci zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izixhobo ezomeleleyo ezizivumela ukuba zinciphe kakhulu ngelixa zigcina amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

4. Iintambo eziphantsi koLwandlekazi?

Ukuze benze oku, iinqanawa ezikhethekileyo ezaziwa ngokuba zii-cable-layers zibeka ezi ntambo phantsi kolwandle. Kufuneka ziphephe iintaba-mlilo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, iintlambo, kunye nezilwanyana.

Njengoko iinjineli zijonga indawo ebekwe kuyo intambo nganye zisebenzisa uluhlu lweesensa, amaqela anokujonga naluphi na utshintsho okanye umonakalo ovela kwiankile yenqanawa okanye kwinyikima. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo isoloko ixhalabisa kwaye, ngocwangciso olufanelekileyo kunye nombono ochanekileyo, ingancitshiswa.

5. Ubude obupheleleyo: Imithambo yeDatha yoMhlaba

Xa zidibene, ezi ntambo zigubungela umgama ongaphezulu kwe-1.2 yezigidi zeekhilomitha—oko kwanele ukuba zijikeleze ihlabathi izihlandlo ezingama-30.

• ULWANDLE-ME-WE 3: 39,000 km

• Isango laseAsia-Amerika: 20,000 km

• I-TAT-14: 15,428 km

Ezi ntambo zinde zivumela neendawo ezikude ukuba ziqhagamshelane nehlabathi liphela.

6. Iindawo eziphambili zokufikela kwiintambo zaseMelika

Iindawo eziphambili zokufikela kwiintambo ze-US Izikhululo ezinkulu zokufikela e-US zikwimimandla equka iNew York, iFlorida, iCalifornia, kunye ne-Oregon. Ezi ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe sethu, kwaye zidibanisa i-US neYurophu, iLatin America, kunye ne-Asia.

Zinceda ukugcina ilizwe linxibelelene nehlabathi.

Iintambo zoLwandle zithumela njani ulwazi?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic eziphantsi kwamanzi zingundoqo wonxibelelwano lwethu lwehlabathi. Zinwebeka ezantsi kolwandle, zithumela idatha ngokuzolileyo phakathi kwelizwekazi ukuya kwelinye ilizwekazi. Ezi ntambo zithumela ulwazi zisebenzisa iintambo zeglasi okanye zeplastiki, apho ulwazi luhamba khona njengeempumlo zokukhanya. Le ndlela ilula kwaye ayinalahleko.

Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ulwazi oluninzi luhambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye luhambe imigama emide ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu okanye ukonakala! Iifayibha ze-optical zingcono kakhulu kuneentambo zobhedu! Zithwala idatha eninzi, zisebenzisa amandla amancinci, kwaye zimelana namandla olwandle olunetyuwa noluhambayo olutya imiqondiso.

Isayensi yeDatha yesantya sokukhanya

Njengoko ukukhanya kudlula kwezi fibers, kwenza oko nge-optical illusion enobuchule eyaziwa ngokuba yi-total internal reflection. Oku kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba isignali ihlale ingashukumi kumgama omde kakhulu. Iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle zenziwe ngeefibers zeglasi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Olu yilo kunye nobunjineli buthetha ukuba imiqondiso inokusondeza ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 (iikhilomitha ezingama-62) ngaphambi kokuba ifune ukunyuswa yi-repeaters. Ezi repeaters zezona zinceda ekwenzeni ukukhanya kukhanye kangaka. I-Wavelength division multiplexing inyusa izinto, ivumela amakhulu emiqondiso ukuba ahambe ngefayibha efanayo ngemibala eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya.

Oku kuvumela intambo ukuba isebenze kakuhle, idlulise idatha ithwele imithwalo enzima ngaxeshanye. Ukuthembeka kwesignali kubalulekile. Nje ukuba isignali iqale ukunyamalala, idatha iyalahleka. Ngobunjineli obucokisekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, inkqubo isebenza njengomatshini onamafutha amaninzi.

Ngaphakathi kwiLeya yeCable yeSubmarine

Ngaphakathi kwiCable yeSubmarine

Umaleko ngomaleko, intambo nganye ineeleya ezininzi ezomeleleyo. Embindini yifayibha ye-optical, egqunywe ngejeli yokukhusela kunye neplastiki. Ijikelezwe yiyo, iingcingo zentsimbi kunye neesheya ezingangeni manzi zikhusela ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo.

Isikrweqe sangaphandle, esidla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi, sikhusela intambo kwiintlanzi ezirhabaxa, ii-ankile, kunye neenqanawa zokuloba. Umaleko ngamnye unegalelo kumandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo inokumelana namanzi olwandle anzulu, aguquguqukayo.

Amandla Okuthwala Idatha Amangalisayo

Iintambo ezintsha ziyakwazi ukudlulisa ulwazi ngesantya se-160 terabits ngomzuzwana. Oko kwanele ukuba neefowuni zevidiyo ngaxeshanye okanye iimuvi zisasazwe ngaxeshanye kuye wonke umntu kwizigidi. Zidibene neentambo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele ngakumbi njengeWavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), iintambo zanamhlanje zinolwazi oluninzi kunangaphambili.

Olu lwandiso lwanele ukuhlala phambili kunemfuno yethu ekhulayo yokufikelela kwi-intanethi ngokukhawuleza nangokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ekubeni umthamo weentambo kufuneka uhlale uhambelana nemfuno ekhulayo yabasebenzisi, ukuphuculwa akukude kangako.

Kutheni iZitishi zokuLanda iiCable zibalulekile?

Izitishi zokufikela kwiintambo ziindawo apho ulwandle ludibana khona nomhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, zizisa ihlabathi elimangalisayo elingaphantsi kwamanzi leenethiwekhi zentambo kwi-intanethi yasekuhlaleni. Ezi ndawo ziqhagamshela iinethiwekhi zehlabathi kwaye zilawula imithombo emikhulu yedatha.

Iindawo zabo zokufikela zikhethwa ngononophelo ngenxa yokhuseleko kunye nokungafuneki kwakhona, ngoko ke ukuba enye indawo isengozini okanye iyawa, ezinye ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkonzo. Izikhululo zokufikela zinemisebenzi enzima—ukunika amandla iintambo, ukugcina ubumsulwa besignali, ukukhusela kwizivuthuvuthu, iinyikima nezinye iingozi.

Kutheni Iintambo Zidla Ngokusebenzisa IiSatellite ZikaTrump?

Ngeendlela ezininzi, ezi ntambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zithathe indawo yeesathelayithi njengesiseko sendlela yethu ye-intanethi yehlabathi, zidibanisa ihlabathi ngokuzolileyo nangokungenamthungo. Ezi ntambo zilele nzulu kakhulu phantsi kolwandle, ukusuka kwilizwekazi ukuya kwelinye. Kwabaninzi bethu, kulula ukuzityeshela, kodwa ziphethe phantse i-99 yepesenti yayo yonke idatha yamazwe ngamazwe. Xa uzibeka nxamnye neesathelayithi, iingenelo zezi ntambo ziqala ukwanda ngokukhawuleza.

Isantya kunye noBuchule obungalinganiyo

Iintambo zenqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle zidlulisela ulwazi ngesantya esingenakukhuphiswana ngaso neesathelayithi. Umzekelo, iintambo zanamhlanje ezingaphantsi kolwandle zinokuthutha izigidi zeebhiliyoni zolwazi ngaxeshanye—ngokuqhwanyaza nje kweliso. Intambo yokuqala ngo-1956 yayiluphuculo olukhulu.

Namhlanje, isantya sidlule kakhulu kwi-280 megabytes ngomzuzwana, njengoko i-TAT-8 yabonisayo ngo-1988. Ngolu hlobo lwesantya, ungonwabela iifowuni zevidiyo ezicacileyo, ukhuphelo olukhawulezayo olukhawulezayo, kunye nokudlala imidlalo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Njengoko abantu abaninzi emakhaya kunye namashishini exhomekeke kwi-intanethi ekhawulezayo nezinzileyo, imfuno yeentambo ezinomthamo ophezulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngokungafaniyo neesathelayithi, ezine-bandwidth encinci kunye nesantya esicothayo ngenxa yomgama, iintambo ziphatha idatha eninzi ngokulula.

Ukuthembeka Okuhlala Kuhleli, Okuhambelana Nemozulu Yonke

Iisathelayithi zihlala zibuthathaka xa kukho imozulu embi okanye xa ligqunywe lifu elingqingqwa. Iintambo, ngokwahlukileyo, zigqunywe phantsi kolwandle—ngaphantsi komhlaba malunga nemitha enye ukuya kwezimbini ubunzulu—nto leyo ezinika izixhobo zokuzikhusela eziqinileyo. Kwanakwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, xa izivuthuvuthu okanye iinkanyamba zitshabalalisa umbane kunye neentambo, zihlala zisebenza.

Iintambo zigcina abantu kunye namashishini kwi-intanethi. Xa kuvela iintlekele zemvelo, ziintambo eziqhubeka nokusebenza, njengoko kubonisiwe ngexesha leSuperstorm Sandy.

Uqoqosho olungcono kwiDatha yoBuninzi

Akukho nto ingako itshintshileyo kwinkqubo yokufaka iintambo — yinkqubo efanayo esetyenziswe kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Inzuzo inkulu kakhulu — iibhiliyoni. Iintambo zibiza kancinci ixesha elide ukuhambisa idatha eninzi, kwaye zinokuphuculwa ukuze zikwazi ukujongana nethrafikhi engaphezulu ngaphandle kokutshintsha yonke into.

Eso sisizathu esiphambili sokuba bakwazi ukugcina amaxabiso e-intanethi esezantsi. Kwiibhanki, kwizibhedlele, okanye nakubani na ofuna uqhagamshelo oluhlala luhleli noluzinzileyo, iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle zezona ziphumeleleyo. Iintambo kunzima ukuzibamba okanye ukuzitshintsha, nto leyo ebanika ukhuseleko olungaphezulu kuneesathelayithi.

Ubomi beDijithali baseMelika: Bubotshelelwe kwiLwandle

Ngaphantsi nje komphezulu wolwandle, iintambo ze-fiber optic zilawula uninzi lobomi bedijithali baseMelika. Ezi ntambo zeglasi ezithambileyo ziyindlela enkulu evumela uqoqosho lwelizwe ukuba luchume, idibanisa iibhanki, izibhedlele, amashishini kunye neentsapho. Kungenxa yokuba phantse i-99% yazo zonke iitrafikhi ze-intanethi zamazwe ngamazwe zihamba ngezi ntambo.

Bathwala amashumi ee-terabits ngomzuzwana, beqinisekisa ukuba imali yethu, izimvo zethu kunye nemiyalezo yethu iyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukukhuthaza ihlabathi laseMelika elikwi-Intanethi

Enyanisweni, iintambo ezisetyenziswa emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba zisisiseko SOKUQINISEKISA kwihlabathi ledijithali laseMelika. Ngalo lonke ixesha umntu oqhelekileyo ejonga iakhawunti yakhe yebhanki, e-odola ukutya kwi-intanethi okanye esasaza umboniso, idatha ikhawuleza kakhulu kwezi ntambo. Amashishini akwiiplatifomu zorhwebo lwe-elektroniki kunye nezinye iinkonzo ze-intanethi axhomekeke kunxibelelwano olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo.

Ngenxa yezi ndlela zingaphantsi kolwandle, abantu abakwiindawo ezikude zaseAlaska bafumana ukufikelela kwi-intanethi okuphuculweyo. Needolophu ezincinci ezikwindawo enzulu yaseMelika ziyakhuthazwa! Icandelo lezobuchwepheshe ukusuka eSilicon Valley ukuya eAustin lixhomekeke kwezi ntambo zomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, izivumelwano zehlabathi, kunye nokwabelana ngee-apps okanye izixhobo ezintsha.

I-US iqhagamshelana njani kwihlabathi liphela?

Iintambo ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle zelizwe lethu azipheleli nje kuphela kunxweme lwaseMelika. Zifikelela eYurophu, eAsia, eMzantsi Melika, nakwezinye iindawo. Olu thungelwano luvumela amashishini aseMelika ukuba akhuphisane, oosopolitiki baseMelika bakwazi ukunxibelelana, kunye neentsapho zaseMelika ukuba ziphinde ziqhagamshelane nabantu ezibathandayo kwamanye amazwe.

Iiprojekthi ezifana nentambo yeMAREA eya eSpain kunye nekhonkco laseHawaii eliya eNew Zealand zigcina i-US ixhunyiwe kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Intambo entsha iyawa phantse rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezintathu. Xa oko kusenzeka, urhwebo kunye nobudlelwane bezopolitiko bunokuma, nto leyo ebonisa indlela ezibaluleke ngayo ezi ndlela.

Isiseko se-5G kunye neTekhnoloji yexesha elizayo

Ezi ntambo zibalulekile ekuxhaseni i-5G, izixhobo ezikrelekrele, kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Zivumela ukusasazwa kweenethiwekhi zeselula ezikhawulezayo kwaye zisisiseko se-intanethi ekhulayo yezinto. Ukubeka ezi ntambo ziqinileyo akuyonto ilula.

Iinqanawa ezikhethekileyo zokufaka iintambo, ezinee-spools ezingaphakathi ezindizayo ezinokuthwala iintambo ze-fiber optic ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-5,000 ngobukhulu, ziyawulawula lo msebenzi. Nangona ziqinile, iintambo zisengozini yeenqanawa, iinyikima okanye iingozi. Sekunjalo, intambo nganye entsha itsala imisebenzi emitsha kunye notyalo-mali—okunyusa uqoqosho loomasipala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7%.

Ulwandle Olunzulu: Ikhaya Elinzima Lentambo

Ulwandle olunzulu luyindawo enzima kuyo nayiphi na into yomntu. Iintambo ze-fiber optic ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle zifakwa kwindawo emnyama kakhulu emhlabeni. Zijongana noxinzelelo oluphindwe kayi-1,000 kunoko sikuvayo kwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye zisebenza emanzini angaphantsi kwe-zero, anokuqandisa ulusu ngemizuzwana nje.

Apha ngaphandle, kwanezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo kunzima ukuzenza. Iintambo zinwebeka ngaphezu kwamawaka eekhilomitha, zidibanisa amazwekazi. Zisoloko zisengozini, ukusuka kwiminenga yokuloba erhuqa umgangatho wolwandle, ukuya kwiiankile eziwela phantsi, ukuya emhlabeni wonke oshukumayo ngexesha lenyikima.

Kwisithuba seenyanga ezisithoba kuphela, izixhobo zokuvavanya ezazibanjwe kwintambo ye-10,000-km zifumanise iziganeko ezingama-30 zokukhukhumala kwesivuthuvuthu kunye noninzi lweenyikima eziphakathi ukuya kwezinkulu kule planethi. Loo nto iyenzeka ngentsasa eqhelekileyo ngoLwesibini kumgangatho wolwandle.

Umngeni Wokubeka Iintambo

Ukubeka iintambo apho kufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo. Iinqanawa ezikhethekileyo zenza umsebenzi, zixhotyiswe ngobuchwephesha obubeka iintambo kakuhle kwiinduli ezisemazantsi olwandle. Abasebenzi kufuneka bajonge indlela ukuze babone iingozi baze babhale iindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Yonke iprojekthi ifuna iqela—iinjineli, iingcali zokusingqongileyo, kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni bonke besebenzisana. Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na intambo ichukumise ulwandle, abantu bajonga imekobume ukuze bakhusele ubomi obungaphantsi.

Ukukhusela iMigca Yethu Yedatha Yangaphantsi Kolwandle

Yiyo loo nto iintambo zinikwa iqokobhe elixhobileyo ukuze lizikhusele kwiindawo ezinzima, kodwa elo linyathelo nje lokuqala. Iindawo zokukhusela ziyakwalela ukuloba nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.

Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ibeka esweni ezi ntambo, isasaze idatha kunye nezisombululo ezinokubakho xa kuvela iingxaki. Ekubeni ukuqhawuka kwentambo kube kanye kunokulibazisa ukuthengiselana kwe-intanethi okanye iibhanki zehlabathi kangangeentsuku, yonke imizuzu ibalulekile.

Ukulunywa ZiiShark: Inyani okanye yintsomi?

Nangona wonke umntu ethanda ibali malunga nookrebe abaluma iintambo, umngcipheko wokwenyani uphantsi kakhulu. Inyani - Ewe oookrebe baya kulunywa ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kodwa zizixhobo zabantu ezibangela uninzi lwengozi.

Le ndlela yokuziphatha ixhaswa ngakumbi zezinye izifundo, ezifumanise ukuba izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle zidla ngokuphepha iintambo. Nangona kunjalo, iinjineli ziyaqhubeka nokuvala iintambo kwiishelufu eziqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafumaneka.

Ukulinganisela iTekhnoloji nobomi baseLwandle

Nangona yonke iprojekthi kufuneka iphephe kwaye inciphise ubungozi kwizidalwa zaselwandle, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezizezinye kunye nezixhobo ezinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yendalo, amaqela abeka umzekelo obalulekileyo.

Imithetho kunye nabahloli baqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kweentambo kulungelana nolwandle.

Ukulungisa iiMayile eziPhucukileyo phantsi kwamanzi

Xa kufunyenwe ukuqhekeka kwentambo, kuthunyelwa iirobhothi kunye neenqanawa. Ziyafumana, ziphakamise, kwaye zilungise ukuqhekeka, ngamanye amaxesha kwiimeko ezinzima zamanzi.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezi ntambo ekudibaniseni ihlabathi lethu, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile.

Yintoni elandelayo kwi-Undersea Internet?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zisisiseko se-intanethi yehlabathi, kwaye ikamva lazo libonakala lixinene. Inani leentambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle liyanda, kwaye zingaphezulu kwama-574 ezisebenzayo kwaye zicwangcisiwe ngo-2024. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yehlabathi iyanda ngesantya esiphezulu! Olu kukhula luvela kukusasazwa kwevidiyo ngakumbi, ukusasazeka kweenkonzo zelifu, kunye nokutyhalela ukuzisa i-intanethi ekhawulezayo kwiindawo ezikude.

Njengoko i-5G iqhubeka nokusasazwa, ngo-2025 phantse isibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi siya kuba siqhagamshelwe. Nokuba yintoni na elandelayo, kuyacaca ukuba abadlali bakarhulumente nababucala bajongene nomgudu omkhulu wokufunda.

Iintambo ezikrelekrele ngakumbi neziqinileyo

Ukubeka ecaleni ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, iintambo ziya ziqina ngakumbi. Uyilo olutsha luphucula ukuqina kwazo, ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zolwandle—ukuxinana, ukuma komhlaba ongaphantsi kolwandle ngamatye, nokunye—kwaye nokukhuselwa kwiinyikima. Ubuchwepheshe obukrelekrele buyindlela eqhelekileyo yanamhlanje, evumela iintambo ukuba zijonge imeko yazo kwaye zilumkise abaqhubi ngemiba ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke.

Ezinye zezi ntambo zintsha zisenokusabela nakwiinguqu emanzini okanye elwandle. Uphando oluqhubekayo luqinisekisa ukuba olu hlaziyo luhlala luhleli, nto leyo enceda iintambo ukuba zihlale ziphambili kuneemfuno ezikhulayo.

Izinto ezintsha ezikhuthaza ukuhamba kwedatha

Isantya sedatha asikonyuki nje kuphela, kodwa sikhula ngesantya esiphezulu. Iintambo zamva nje zisebenzisa iintambo ze-multi-core—ii-core ezine okanye ngaphezulu—oko kuthetha ukuba intambo enye inokuthwala idatha engaphezulu kunangaphambili, nokuba ivela nzulu ngaphantsi kolwandle. Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunceda ekufumaneni nasekusombululeni iingxaki zenethiwekhi.

Izinto eziqinileyo nezikhaphukhaphu zivumela iintambo ukuba zithwale imiqondiso kude kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Oko kuza kuthetha uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo nolungcono kuthi sonke, ekugqibeleni.

I-Geopolitics yokuhamba kwedatha

Kubalulekile ukuba ngubani na ophethe ezi ntambo. Iintambo zinempembelelo enkulu kwipolitiki yehlabathi nakwinkululeko yedijithali. Nokuba lilizwe okanye inkampani, wonke umntu udinga iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo zokuhambisa idatha yakhe.

Ukulawula indlela yekhebula kuthetha ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwi-intanethi ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo.

Ukukhusela iziseko zethu ezingaphantsi kwamanzi

Ukukhusela iintambo ekonakalisweni yeyona nto iphambili. Ukhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, uphononongo olongezelelekileyo, kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zonke zibe negalelo. Ukukhusela ezi ntambo zibalulekileyo kubalulekile ekugcineni idatha yethu isasazeka kwaye izigidi zabantu baseMelika ziqhagamshelwe kwaye zivelisa imveliso.

Ukurhoxisa iiCables ezindala ezingaphantsi kolwandle

Iintambo ezindala ezisele ziphelelwe lixesha azishiywa nje kuphela. Ukususwa kulungelelaniswa ngononophelo ngamaqela ukuthintela umonakalo kwizidalwa ezingaphantsi kolwandle. Ukususwa kweentambo ezindala, ezicothayo kuvula indlela yeentambo ezintsha nezikhawulezayo kwaye kunceda i-intanethi ihlale ingenamthungo kwaye ikhawuleza.

Isiphelo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zezona zenza i-intanethi ikhawuleze kwaye ithembeke, nangona inezivuthuvuthu ezinamandla okanye izidalwa zaselwandle ezishushu macala onke. Ezi ntambo zinkulu zinwebeka amawaka eemayile, zidibanisa uluntu oluncinci kunye neendawo ezinkulu zedolophu ezijikeleze unxweme lwase-US. Loo ntambo inye inokuthumela umnxeba omnye ukusuka eNew York City ukuya eTokyo okanye ivumele abantu baseCalifornia ukuba babukele iimuvi kwi-intanethi ngoko nangoko. Nangona kukho zonke izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, amanzi anetyuwa kunye noxinzelelo lolwandle olujulileyo kuseluvavanyo oluqhubekayo kwezi ntambo imihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, amaqela ayanyanzeleka ukuba asebenze iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokugcina lonke unxibelelwano lwehlabathi. Le teknoloji iyaqhubeka iphucuka, kwaye njengoko isenza, ezi ntambo ziya kuba zibaluleke ngakumbi. Ngaba unokucinga ngebali okanye umbuzo malunga nendlela i-intanethi efika ngayo kwidolophu yakho? Shiya izimvo zakho, uze uthabathe inxaxheba kwingxoxo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni intambo ye-fiber optic engaphantsi kwamanzi?

Yintoni intambo ye-fiber optic engaphantsi kwamanzi. Yolula ubude bomgangatho wolwandle, kwaye ithwala idatha ye-intanethi kunye nefowuni phakathi kwamazwekazi ngesantya sokukhanya.

Zinzulu kangakanani iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle ezibekwe elwandle?

Zinzulu kangakanani iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle ezingcwatywe elwandle? Olu bunzulu bunzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze bungatshabalali kwiinqanawa, iiankile kunye nobomi bolwandle.

Kutheni iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle zikhawuleza kuneesathelayithi?

Okokuqala, iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle zithumela idatha yethu ngemiqondiso yokukhanya, ehamba ngokukhawuleza kunamaza erediyo axhomekeke kwiisathelayithi. Oku kuthetha ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo kubathengi abakwi-intanethi.

Iintambo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zichaphazela njani ubomi bedijithali eMelika?

Ngaphezulu kwe-95% ye-intanethi kunye neefowuni zaseMelika eziya kwihlabathi liphela zidlula ezi ntambo. Zibalulekile kushishino lwamazwe ngamazwe, unxibelelwano, kwanakubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle zikhuseleka njani ekonakalisweni?

Xa zisondela emhlabeni, iintambo ziyaxhonywa zize zigqunywe phantsi kolwandle. Ngaphandle, zihlala phantsi kolwandle kodwa zenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukugqwala kunye neengozi zangaphantsi kolwandle.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa intambo iphukile?

Iinqanawa zokulungisa ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa intambo ukufumana indawo ephukileyo, zitsale intambo ibuyele kumphezulu, zize zilungise. Ukunciphisa inani labantu abangenalo unxibelelwano lwe-intanethi, uninzi lweziphazamiso zilungiswa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Liyintoni ikamva leentambo ze-intanethi ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle?

Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo ezindala, iintambo ezintsha zinesantya esiphezulu kwaye zithembekile kakhulu. Iinkampani sele ziceba unxibelelwano oluthe kratya ukuze zihlale zilungele imfuno enkulu ye-intanethi yehlabathi.