Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziwumgogodla we-inthanethi yethu yomhlaba wonke. Zinesibopho sedatha yamazwe ngamazwe amaningi, zinika amandla umhlaba wethu oxhunyiwe.

I-United States isebenzisa lezi zintambo ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile njengokubhanga nokusakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, iziteshi zokufika zekhebula ezigudla ugu lwethu zibalulekile ezindleleni zokuxhumanisa nokuphepha kwezwe.

Namuhla, lezi zintambo zasolwandle zincane futhi ziqine kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ubunjiniyela obuqinile kanye nezigqoko zokuvikela ziyazivikela ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu zolwandle.

Izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zihlala zidlula amasathelayithi ngesivinini, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuzinzile, ngisho nangesikhathi seziphepho noma izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu ukufaka nokunakekela lezi zintambo. Lo msebenzi udinga ukubambisana, ukuhlela okuningiliziwe, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kuncishiswe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yemvelo kanye nokuvikela imvelo yasolwandle ebucayi.

Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sedatha esheshayo, ukutshala imali kumakhebula ahlakaniphile naqinile kuzobaluleka ukusekela ikusasa ledijithali laseMelika kanye nokuxhumana komhlaba wonke.

Ikhebula le-fiber optic elingaphansi kwamanzi liyintambo encane kakhulu, eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki. Lithwala izintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphansi kolwandle, ezithumela izimpawu zokukhanya ukuze zidlulisele idatha phakathi kwamazwe namazwekazi. Lezi zintambo zidlula izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phezu kolwandle futhi zihambisa cishe amaphesenti angama-99 ethrafikhi ye-inthanethi phakathi kwamazwekazi.

I-Nemours Children's Health, esetshenziswa amadolobha amakhulu ukwenza izingcingo, ukuthumela ama-imeyili nokusakaza amavidiyo ngokushesha, okusiza abantu bazizwe bexhumene kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Onjiniyela bathembele ezingqimbeni zangaphandle eziqinile ukuvikela izintambo emanzini anosawoti aqothulayo kanye nokuphila kolwandle okumangalisayo. Lokhu kuvimbela noma yikuphi ukusebenzisana okubi, kugcina ubuqotho nokusebenza kwezintambo.

Ikhebula ngalinye liyakwazi ukudlulisa idatha eningi ngesivinini sombani, okuvumela abaseMelika ukuxhumana, ukusebenza, nokuthola ulwazi emabangeni amade. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizochaza ubunjiniyela balezi zintambo. Landela ukuze uthole umqondo wemiphumela yazo ebonakalayo empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nokuxhumana kwethu komhlaba wonke.

Ziyini Izintambo Ze-Fiber Ezingaphansi Kwamanzi?

Izintambo zefayibha ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ezaziwa ngokuthi izintambo zasemanzini, zingamaqhawe angadunyiswanga omhlaba wethu oxhunyiwe. Lezi zintambo zithwala cishe yonke idatha yedijithali eshintshaniswa phakathi kwamazwekazi, cishe u-99% empeleni. Intambo ngayinye iqine kakhulu, yakhelwe ukubekezelela izimo ezimbi kakhulu izinkulungwane zamamayela ngaphansi kolwandle.

Izintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka nge-inthanethi esheshayo - zixhumanisa abantu, izimakethe kanye namazwe emhlabeni jikelele.

1. Ukuchaza Lezi Zindlela Zokuphila Ezingaphansi Kolwandle

Lezi zintambo ziyinhliziyo eshayayo yokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kanye nefoni emhlabeni jikelele. Zisebenza njengemigwaqo emikhulu engabonakali, zivumela ulwazi ukuthi lugijime lusuka eNew York luye eLondon luye eTokyo futhi lubuye ngokushesha.

Izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zaqala ngawo-1850 nge-telegraph, futhi manje zisebenzisa imicu yengilazi emincane ehambisa idatha njengokukhanya. Zithembeke kakhulu futhi zinamandla amakhulu kuneziphuphutheki. Ikhebula elilodwa le-fiber optic lingadlulisela ama-terabit amaningi ngomzuzwana, kanti ama-satellite anqunyelwe cishe engxenyeni eyodwa kwenkulungwane yalowo mthamo.

2. Zingaki Izintambo Ezidlula I-Globe?

Kuze kube manje, kunezintambo zangaphansi kolwandle ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Ngempela, iningi lalezi mithambo ebalulekile lixhumanisa iNyakatho Melika neYurophu, i-Asia kanye ne-Afrika.

Abadlali abakhulu yibo abasolwa njalo—i-Google, i-Facebook, kanye nezinkampani zokuxhumana ezindala.

Izintambo ezintsha ziyavela minyaka yonke njengoba isidingo sikhula.

3. Ubukhulu Bekhebula: Inganekwane vs. Iqiniso

Umbono ongemuhle ukuthi lezi zintambo zinkulu kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ziseduze nobubanzi bepayipi lengadi—ubude obungamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu. Lokho kuhluke kakhulu ezintanjeni zokuqala ze-telegraph, ezazizinkulu kakhulu.

Izintambo ezintsha nezincane zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinto eziqinile ezizivumela ukuthi zibe zincane kakhulu ngenkathi zigcina amandla nokusebenza kahle.

4. Izintambo Eziphansi Kolwandle?

Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu, imikhumbi ekhethekile eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-cable-layers ifaka ama-cable phansi kolwandle. Kudingeka igweme izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, izigodi, nezilwane.

Njengoba onjiniyela beqapha ukubekwa kwekhebula ngalinye besebenzisa izinzwa eziningi, amaqembu angaqapha noma yikuphi ukushintsha noma umonakalo ovela ehangeni lomkhumbi noma ukuzamazama komhlaba. Umthelela wemvelo uhlala uyinkinga futhi, ngokuhlela okufanele nokubona kusengaphambili, kungancishiswa.

5. Ubude Obuphelele: Imithambo Yedatha Yomhlaba

Uma zihlanganisiwe, lezi zintambo zimboza amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.2—lokho kwanele ukuzungeza umhlaba wonke izikhathi ezingu-30.

• I-SEA-ME-WE 3: 39,000 km

• Isango lase-Asia-America: 20,000 km

• I-TAT-14: 15,428 km

Lezi zintambo ezinde zivumela ngisho nezindawo ezikude kakhulu ukuthi zixhumane nomhlaba wonke.

6. Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokufika Kwezintambo Zase-US

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokufika Ngekhebula Lase-US Iziteshi ezinkulu zokufikela zase-US zitholakala ezifundazweni ezihlanganisa iNew York, iFlorida, iCalifornia, kanye ne-Oregon. Lezi zindawo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwezwe lethu, futhi zixhumanisa i-US neYurophu, iLatin America, kanye ne-Asia.

Zisiza ukugcina izwe lixhumene nomhlaba.

Izintambo Zolwandle Zithumela Kanjani Ulwazi?

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziwumgogodla wangempela wenethiwekhi yethu yokuxhumana yomhlaba wonke. Zinwebeka phansi kolwandle, zidlulisela idatha buthule phakathi kwezwekazi nezwekazi. Lezi zintambo zithumela ulwazi kusetshenziswa imicu yengilazi noma yepulasitiki, lapho ulwazi luhamba khona njengemifudlana yokukhanya. Le ndlela ilula futhi cishe ayinakulahlekelwa.

Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ulwazi oluningi luhambe ngokushesha futhi luhambe amabanga amade ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu noma okungekho nhlobo! Imicu ye-optical ingcono kakhulu kunezintambo zethusi! Iphatha idatha eningi, isebenzisa amandla amancane, futhi imelana namandla okudla izimpawu olwandle olunosawoti noluhambayo.

Isayensi Yedatha Yesivinini Sokukhanya

Njengoba ukukhanya kwehla kule micu, kwenza lokho nge-illusion ehlakaniphile eyaziwa ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi isignali ihlale ingashintshi emabangeni amade kakhulu. Izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zenziwe ngemicu yengilazi esezingeni eliphezulu.

Lo mklamo kanye nobunjiniyela kusho ukuthi amasignali angasondeza amakhilomitha angaphezu kwe-100 (amamayela angu-62) ngaphambi kokudinga ukukhuthazwa okuvela kuma-repeater. Lawa ma-repeater yiwona asiza ekwenzeni ukukhanya kukhanye kangaka. I-Wavelength division multiplexing inyusa izinto, ivumela amakhulu amasignali ukuthi ahambe ngefayibha efanayo ngemibala ehlukene yokukhanya.

Lokhu kuvumela ikhebula ukuthi lisebenze kahle, lidlulise idatha lithwale imithwalo esindayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ubuqotho besiginali bubalulekile. Uma isiginali isiqala ukunyamalala, idatha iyalahleka. Ngobunjiniyela obucophelelayo nokuqapha okuqhubekayo, uhlelo lusebenza njengomshini onamafutha amaningi.

Ngaphakathi Kwesendlalelo Sekhebula Lomkhumbi Ongaphansi Kolwandle

Ngaphakathi Kwentambo Yomkhumbi Ongaphansi Kolwandle

Ingqimba ngengqimba, ikhebula ngalinye liqukethe izendlalelo eziningi eziqinile. Isikhungo salo yi-optical fiber, embozwe ngejeli evikelayo nepulasitiki. Izungeze lokho, izintambo zensimbi kanye nezigxobo ezingangeni manzi zivikela umswakama kanye nengcindezi.

Isivikelo sangaphandle, ngokuvamile esenziwe ngensimbi, sivikela intambo koshaka abadla kakhulu, amahange, kanye nemikhumbi yokudoba enama-trawler. Ingqimba ngayinye inikela ngamandla, iqinisekisa ukuthi intambo ingakwazi ukumelana namanzi olwandle ajulile, aguquguqukayo.

Amandla Okuthwala Idatha Amangalisayo

Izintambo ezintsha ziyakwazi ukudlulisa ngesivinini sama-terabits angu-160 ngomzuzwana. Lokho kwanele ukubiza ama-video call noma ukusakazwa kwama-movie ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke umuntu ezigidini. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kakhulu njenge-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), izintambo zanamuhla ziphethe ulwazi oluningi kunanini ngaphambili.

Lokhu kwanda kwanele ukuhlala phambili kunesidingo sethu esikhulayo sokufinyelela i-inthanethi okusheshayo nokusabalele emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba umthamo wekhebula kumele uhlale uhambisana nesidingo sabasebenzisi esikhulayo, ukuthuthukiswa akukaze kube kude.

Kungani Iziteshi Zokufika Zekhebula Zibalulekile?

Iziteshi zokufika zekhebula ziyizinkundla lapho ulwandle luhlangana khona nomhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, ziletha umhlaba omangalisayo ongaphansi kwamanzi wamanethiwekhi ekhebula kwi-inthanethi yendawo. Lawa ma-hub axhuma amanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke futhi aphatha ukusakazwa kwedatha okukhulu.

Izindawo zabo zokufikela zikhethwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuphepha kanye nokuphindaphindeka, ngakho-ke uma indawo eyodwa isengozini noma iwela, ezinye ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokunikeza isevisi. Iziteshi zokufikela zinemisebenzi enzima—ukunika amandla izintambo, ukugcina ubumsulwa besignali, ukuvikela ezivunguvungwini, ukuzamazama komhlaba nezinye izingozi.

Kungani Izintambo Zivame Ukuba Amasathelayithi KaTrump?

Ngezindlela eziningi, lezi zintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithathe indawo yama-satellite njengomgogodla wethrafikhi yethu ye-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, zixhumanisa umhlaba buthule futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Lezi zintambo zilele ekujuleni kolwandle, kusukela ezwekazini kuya kwelinye izwekazi. Kwabaningi bethu, kulula ukuzikhohlwa, kodwa ziphethe cishe amaphesenti angama-99 ayo yonke idatha yamazwe ngamazwe. Uma uzihlanganisa nama-satellite, izinzuzo zalezi zintambo ziqala ukwanda ngokushesha.

Isivinini kanye Nomthamo Ongalingani

Izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zidlulisa ulwazi ngesivinini amasathelayithi angenakukwazi ukuncintisana naso. Isibonelo, izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zanamuhla zingathutha izigidigidi zezingcezu zolwazi ngesikhathi esisodwa—ngokuphazima kweso. Intambo yokuqala ngo-1956 yayiyintuthuko enkulu kakhulu.

Namuhla, isivinini sesidlule kakhulu ama-megabyte angu-280 ngomzuzwana, njengoba i-TAT-8 yabonakala ngo-1988. Ngalolu hlobo lwesivinini, ungajabulela izingcingo zevidiyo ezicacile, ukulanda okusheshayo okukhulu, kanye nokudlala imidlalo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Njengoba abantu abaningi ekhaya kanye namabhizinisi bethembele ku-inthanethi esheshayo nezinzile, isidingo sezintambo ezinamandla aphezulu siyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngokungafani namasathelayithi, ane-bandwidth elinganiselwe kanye nesivinini esisheshayo ngenxa yebanga, izintambo zisingatha idatha eningi kalula.

Ukuthembeka Okungaguquguquki, Okusekelwe Kuzo Zonke Izimo Zezulu

Amasathelayithi avame ukuba buthaka uma isimo sezulu sibi noma uma kunefu elijiyile. Amakhebula, ngokuphambene nalokho, agqitshwe ngaphansi kolwandle—ngaphansi komhlaba cishe ngemitha elilodwa kuya kwamabili ukujula—okunikeza izivikelo zomzimba eziqinile. Ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho iziphepho noma iziphepho ziqeda ugesi nezintambo, zivame ukusebenza.

Amakhebula agcina abantu namabhizinisi ku-inthanethi. Lapho kuvela izinhlekelele zemvelo, yizintambo eziqhubeka nokusebenza, njengoba kuboniswe ngesikhathi se-Superstorm Sandy.

Umnotho Ongcono Wedatha Eningi

Akukho okuningi okushintshile enkambisweni yokubeka izintambo — inqubo efanayo esetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Inzuzo inkulu kakhulu — izigidigidi. Izintambo zibiza kancane isikhathi eside ukuhambisa idatha eningi, futhi zingathuthukiswa ukuze ziphathe ithrafikhi eningi ngaphandle kokushintsha konke.

Leso yisizathu esiyinhloko esenza bakwazi ukugcina amanani e-inthanethi ephansi. Kumabhange, ezibhedlela, noma kunoma ubani omunye odinga ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo nokuzinzile, izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle yizo eziphumelelayo. Izintambo kunzima ukuzibamba noma ukuziphazamisa, okuzinika ukuphepha okwengeziwe kuneziphuphutheki.

Impilo Yedijithali yase-US: Iboshwe Emanzini

Ngaphansi nje kolwandle, izintambo ze-fiber optic zilawula ingxenye enkulu yempilo yedijithali yase-US. Lezi zintambo zengilazi ezithambile ziyindlela evumela umnotho wezwe ukuthi uchume, zixhumanisa amabhange, izibhedlela, amabhizinisi kanye nemindeni. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi cishe ama-99% azo zonke iziteshi ze-inthanethi zomhlaba wonke zihamba ngalezi zintambo.

Baphatha amashumi e-terabits ngomzuzwana, beqinisekisa ukuthi imali yethu, imibono yethu kanye nemiyalezo yethu kuyaqhubeka nokugeleza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukukhuthaza Umhlaba We-inthanethi WaseMelika

Eqinisweni, izintambo zasolwandle ziyinsika YANGEQINISO yomhlaba wedijithali waseMelika. Njalo lapho umuntu ojwayelekile ehlola i-akhawunti yakhe yasebhange, e-oda ukudla ku-inthanethi noma esakaza umbukiso, idatha iyashesha ngalezi zintambo. Amabhizinisi asezinkundleni zokuxhumana nge-inthanethi kanye nezinye izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi athembele ekuxhumaneni okusheshayo nokuthembekile.

Ngenxa yale mizila engaphansi kolwandle, abantu ezindaweni ezikude zase-Alaska bathola ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kwi-inthanethi. Ngisho namadolobhana amancane asenkabeni yezwe laseMelika athola ukuthuthuka! Umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe kusukela eSilicon Valley kuya e-Austin uncike kulezi zintambo zomsebenzi wansuku zonke, amadili omhlaba wonke, kanye nokwabelana ngezinhlelo zokusebenza noma amathuluzi amasha.

I-US Ixhumana Kanjani Emhlabeni Wonke?

Izintambo zezwe lethu ezingaphansi kolwandle azigcini nje kuphela ogwini lwaseMelika. Zisabalala ziye eYurophu, e-Asia, eNingizimu Melika, nokuningi. Le nethiwekhi ivumela amabhizinisi aseMelika ukuthi ancintisane, osopolitiki baseMelika bakwazi ukuxhumana, kanye nemindeni yaseMelika ukuthi ixhumane kabusha nabathandekayo bayo kwamanye amazwe.

Amaphrojekthi afana nekhebula le-MAREA eliya eSpain kanye nesixhumanisi saseHawaii neNew Zealand agcina i-US ixhunywe emnothweni womhlaba. Ikhebula elisha liyawa cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukuhweba kanye nezingxoxo kungama, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zindlela zibaluleke kangakanani.

Ukusekela i-5G kanye ne-Future Tech

Lezi zintambo ziyisihluthulelo sokusekela i-5G, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile, kanye nezinye izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Zivumela ukuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi eselula asheshayo futhi ziyisisekelo se-inthanethi ekhulayo yezinto. Ukubeka lezi zintambo eziqinile akuyona into elula.

Imikhumbi ekhethekile yokufaka izintambo, enezimbobo ezingaphakathi engakwazi ukuthwala izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingafika kumathani angu-5,000 ngobukhulu, ilawula umsebenzi. Nakuba ziqinile, izintambo zisengozini yokuhlaselwa yimikhumbi, ukuzamazama komhlaba noma izingozi. Noma kunjalo, ikhebula ngalinye elisha liheha imisebenzi emisha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali—okukhulisa umnotho womasipala ngamaphesenti angu-7.

Ulwandle Olujulile: Ikhaya Elinzima Lekhebula

Ulwandle olujulile luyindawo enzima kunoma iyiphi into yomuntu. Izintambo ze-fiber optic zangaphansi kolwandle zifakwa endaweni emnyama kakhulu emhlabeni. Zibhekana nokucindezeleka okuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 kunalokho esikuzwayo ezingeni lolwandle futhi zisebenza emanzini angaphansi kwe-zero, angaqandisa isikhumba ngemizuzwana nje.

Lapha ngaphandle, ngisho nemishini engcono kakhulu ikuthola kunzima ukuyenza. Izintambo zinwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, zixhumanisa amazwekazi. Zihlala zisengozini, kusukela emanetheni okudoba ahudula phansi kolwandle, kuya ezintanjeni eziwela phansi, kuya emhlabathini onyakazayo ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba.

Esikhathini esisodwa sezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye nje, izinzwa eziboshwe ngekhebula elingamakhilomitha ayi-10,000 zithole izehlakalo ezingu-30 zokukhukhuleka kwesiphepho kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okuphakathi kuya kokukhulu kule planethi. Lokho kumane nje kuyinto evamile ngoLwesibili ekuseni phansi kolwandle.

Inselele Yokubeka Amakhebula

Ukubeka izintambo phansi lapho kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Imikhumbi ekhethekile yenza umsebenzi, ifakwe ubuchwepheshe obubeka izintambo kahle emithambekeni yolwandle enamadwala. Abasebenzi kumele bahlole indlela ukuze babone izingozi futhi bahlele izindawo eziphephile.

Yonke iphrojekthi idinga ithimba—onjiniyela, ochwepheshe bezemvelo, kanye neziphathimandla zendawo bonke besebenzisana. Ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi ikhebula ithinte phansi kolwandle, abantu bahlola imvelo ukuze bavikele impilo engaphansi.

Ukuvikela Imigqa Yethu Yedatha Yangaphansi Kolwandle

Yingakho izintambo zinikezwa igobolondo elivikelwe ukuze lizivikele ezindaweni ezinzima, kodwa leso yisinyathelo sokuqala nje. Izindawo zokuvikela ziyakwenqabela ukudoba nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kuzo zonke izindawo ezibalulekile.

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziqapha lezi zintambo, zisabalalise idatha kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona lapho kuvela izinkinga. Njengoba ukunqamuka kwekhebula okukodwa kungabambezela ukuthengiselana kwe-inthanethi noma kwamabhange izinsuku eziningi, umzuzu ngamunye ubalulekile.

Ukulunywa Oshaka: Iqiniso Noma Inganekwane?

Nakuba wonke umuntu ethanda indaba emayelana noshaka abaluma izintambo, ingozi yangempela iphansi kakhulu. Iqiniso - Yebo oshaka bazolunywa ngendlela exakile, kodwa yimishini yabantu ebangela umonakalo omkhulu.

Lokhu kuziphatha kusekelwa kakhulu ezinye izifundo, ezithole ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle zivame ukugwema izintambo. Noma kunjalo, onjiniyela bayaqhubeka nokuvala izintambo ezigoqweni eziqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe.

Ukulinganisela Ubuchwepheshe Nempilo Yasolwandle

Nakuba yonke iphrojekthi kumele igweme futhi inciphise ukulimala kwezilwane zasolwandle, ngokusebenzisa imizila ehlukile kanye nemishini enciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezindawo zemvelo, amaqembu abeka isibonelo esibalulekile.

Imithetho kanye nabaqaphi baqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwekhebula kuyahambisana nolwandle.

Ukulungisa Amakhefu Amamayela Ngaphansi Kwamanzi

Uma sekutholakale ukuphuka kwekhebula, kuthunyelwa iqembu lamarobhothi nemikhumbi. Bayayithola, bayiphakamise, futhi bayilungise, ngezinye izikhathi ezimweni ezinzima zamanzi.

Njengoba lezi zintambo zibalulekile ekuxhumeni umhlaba wethu, ukulungiswa okusheshayo kubalulekile.

Yini elandelayo nge-Undersea Internet?

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphansi kwamanzi empeleni ziyinsika ye-inthanethi yomhlaba, futhi ikusasa lazo libonakala ligcwele abantu. Inani lezintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle liyakhula, kanti ezingaphezu kuka-574 ziyasebenza futhi zihlelwe ngo-2024. Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo somhlaba wonke siyanda ngesivinini esikhulu! Lokhu kukhula kuvela ekusakazweni kwevidiyo okwengeziwe, ukusabalala kwezinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nokucindezela ukuletha i-inthanethi esheshayo ezindaweni ezikude.

Njengoba i-5G iqhubeka nokukhula, ngo-2025 cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu emhlabeni ziyobe sezixhunyiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuzolandela ini, kusobala ukuthi abadlali bomphakathi nabangasese babhekene nobunzima bokufunda.

Amakhebula Ahlakaniphile, Aqinile Kakhulu

Ngokubeka eceleni ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, izintambo ziya ngokuya ziqina. Imiklamo emisha ithuthukisa ukuqina kwazo, ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zolwandle—ukuxokozela, ukuma komhlaba okungaphansi kolwandle ngamatshe, nokuningi—ngisho nokuvikelwa ekuzamazameni komhlaba. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile buyindlela yanamuhla, evumela izintambo ukuthi ziqaphe isimo sazo futhi zixwayise abaqhubi ngezinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Ezinye zalezi zintambo ezintsha zingase zithinteke ngisho nasekushintsheni kwamanzi noma phansi kolwandle. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlala njalo, okusiza izintambo ukuthi zihlale ziphambili kunezidingo ezikhulayo.

Ukuqamba Okusha Okuthuthukisa Ukugeleza Kwedatha

Isivinini sedatha asigcini nje ngokwanda; sikhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Izintambo zakamuva zisebenzisa imicu ye-multi-core—ama-core amane noma ngaphezulu—okusho ukuthi ikhebula elilodwa lingathwala idatha eningi kunanini ngaphambili, ngisho nangaphansi kolwandle. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buyasiza ekutholeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zenethiwekhi.

Izinto eziqinile nezilula zivumela izintambo ukuthi zithwale amasignali kude kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Lokho kuzosho ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokungcono kithi sonke, ekugcineni.

I-Geopolitics Yokugeleza Kwedatha

Ubani ongumnikazi futhi osebenzisa lezi zintambo kubalulekile. Izintambo zinomthelela omkhulu kwezombusazwe zomhlaba kanye nokuzimela kwedijithali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizwe noma inkampani, wonke umuntu udinga izindlela eziphephile nezithembekile zokuhambisa idatha yakhe.

Ukulawula umzila wekhebula kuhumusha ukulawula okukhulu ukuthi ubani onokufinyelela ku-inthanethi esheshayo nethembekile.

Ukuvikela Ingqalasizinda Yethu Ecwiliswe Emanzini

Ukuvikela izintambo ekulimaleni kuyinto eza kuqala. Ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe konke kube negalelo. Ukuvikela lezi zintambo ezibalulekile kubalulekile ekugcineni idatha yethu igeleza futhi izigidi zabantu baseMelika zixhumene futhi zikhiqiza.

Ukuyeka Izintambo Ezindala Zangaphansi Kolwandle

Izintambo ezindala esezithathe umhlalaphansi azishiywa nje kuphela. Ukususwa kuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela amaqembu ukuvimbela umonakalo ezimpilweni zangaphansi kolwandle. Ukususa izintambo ezindala, ezihamba kancane kuvula indlela yezintambo ezintsha, ezisheshayo futhi kusiza i-inthanethi ukuthi ihlale ingenamthungo futhi ishesha.

Isiphetho

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingaphansi kwamanzi yizo ezenza i-inthanethi isheshe futhi ithembeke, naphezu kokuba neziphepho ezinamandla noma izidalwa zasolwandle ezishisayo nxazonke. Lezi zintambo ezinkulu zinwebeka amakhilomitha amaningi, zixhumanisa imiphakathi emincane nezindawo ezinkulu zasemadolobheni azungeze ugu lwase-US. Leyo ntambo eyodwa ingathumela ucingo olulodwa oluvela eNew York City luya eTokyo noma ivumele abantu baseCalifornia ukuthi babukele ama-movie ku-inthanethi ngokushesha. Ngisho nangayo yonke imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, amanzi anosawoti kanye nomfutho wolwandle olujulile kuseyisivivinyo esiqhubekayo kulezi zintambo nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, abasebenzi baphoqeleka ukusebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka nokugcina ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke. Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi njengoba buqhubeka, lezi zintambo zizoba zibaluleke kakhulu. Unombono wendaba noma umbuzo mayelana nokuthi i-inthanethi ifika kanjani edolobheni lakini? Shiya imibono yakho, bese uhlanganyela engxoxweni.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyini ikhebula le-fiber optic elingaphansi kwamanzi?

Iyini ikhebula le-fiber optic elingaphansi kwamanzi. Lelula ubude bomhlaba wolwandle, futhi lithwala idatha ye-inthanethi neyefoni phakathi kwamazwekazi ngesivinini sokukhanya.

Zijule kangakanani izintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle olwandle?

Zijule kangakanani izintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle ezigqitshwe olwandle? Lokhu kujula kujule ngokwanele ukugwema umonakalo ovela emikhunjini, ezikhonkwaneni, nasezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle.

Kungani izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zishesha kuneziphuphutheki?

Okokuqala, izintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle zidlulisa idatha yethu ngezibonakaliso zokukhanya, ezihamba ngokushesha kakhulu kunamagagasi omsakazo athembele kuwo amasathelayithi. Lokhu kusho ukwehlisa ukubambezeleka kanye nesivinini esisheshayo kubathengi abaku-inthanethi.

Izintambo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithinta kanjani impilo yedijithali e-US?

Ngaphezu kwama-95% ethrafikhi ye-inthanethi kanye nefoni yaseMelika eya emhlabeni wonke idlula lawa makhebula. Abalulekile ebhizinisini lamazwe ngamazwe, ekuxhumaneni, ngisho nasempilweni yansuku zonke.

Izintambo ezingaphansi kolwandle zivikelwa kanjani ekulimaleni?

Uma besondela ezweni, izintambo ziyavikelwa futhi zigqitshwe ngaphansi kolwandle. Ngaphandle, zihlala phansi kolwandle kodwa zakhiwe ukuze zimelane nengcindezi, ukugqwala, kanye nezingozi zangaphansi kolwandle.

Kwenzekani uma ikhebula liphuka?

Imikhumbi yokulungisa ekhethekile isebenzisa ikhebula ukuthola indawo ephukile, idonse ikhebula libuyele endaweni yalo, bese ilungisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe inani labantu abangenakho ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi, iningi lokuphazamiseka liyalungiswa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Liyini ikusasa lezintambo ze-inthanethi ezingaphansi kolwandle?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezindala, izintambo ezintsha zinesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Izinkampani sezivele zihlela ukuxhumana okwengeziwe ukuze zihlale ziphambili kunesidingo esikhulu se-inthanethi somhlaba wonke.