Izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni Iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene njenge-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting), i-figure-8, kanye nezintambo eziboshwe ngentambo. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokulengisa intambo phakathi kwezingodo, ukumelana nemimoya enamandla, kanye nokuzivikela emanzini naselangeni. Izintambo ze-ADSS zisebenzisa izinto eziqinile kodwa ezilula futhi azidingi izintambo ezengeziwe zokusekela. Izintambo ze-Figure-8 zinentambo yensimbi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokulengisa. Izintambo eziboshwe ngentambo zinentambo eyengeziwe yokusekela futhi ziboshwe kuyo ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Kuhle ukwazi umehluko ukukhetha intambo efanele yomsebenzi wasedolobheni noma wasemakhaya. Ngezansi sihlola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi zibukeka kanjani, nokuthi ungazisebenzisela kuphi ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ze-Aerial Fiber Optic Cable

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-optical zasemoyeni, ziza ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukene ezenzelwe ukufeza izinjongo ezithile. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zixazululo zezintambo zasemoyeni zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zifaneleka kuphi kungasiza ekukhetheni ikhebula elifanele.

1. Ukuzisekela

Izintambo ezizisekelayo azidingi izintambo ezengeziwe ze-messenger noma ihadiwe yokusekela. Ziqinile ngamajakethi aqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nensimbi, ngakho-ke zilungele umoya, isichotho, kanye neziphepho ezisheshayo. izintambo zigijima ngqo ensikeni, kunciphisa ihadiwe, abasebenzi, kanye nesikhathi. Ukwakhiwa kwazo kuyamelana nokuwa futhi kugcina ukuqina komugqa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani noma cha. Uzozibona ezindaweni lapho kunesikhala esincane sehadiwe eyengeziwe noma lapho ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kungabizi kakhulu. Cabanga ngokuthunyelwa kwe-broadband yasemakhaya noma izinsiza zosizo zangemva kwesiphepho.

2. Intambo Yezitho Zomzimba

Izintambo zezintambo ze-catenary, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezixazululweni zezintambo ze-aerial, zihamba ngentambo ye-messenger. Intambo ye-aerial fiber optic ibopha intambo yensimbi, emunca ukucindezeleka futhi igcine intambo ingaphezulu komhlaba. Le ndlela iyasebenza ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu noma ezinde, lapho ukunamathela okuqondile kungenzeki khona. Amadivayisi okucindezela ayasetshenziswa lapha, alawula ukuwohloka futhi kuholele ekuncipheni kwezingcingo zesevisi kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye namaqembu ezokuxhumana asebenzisa izinhlelo zezintambo ze-catenary lapho edabula imifula, izigodi, noma izindawo ezingalingani.

3. Umfanekiso-8

Izintambo ze-Figure-8 zinesimo esikhethekile. Intambo ye-messenger igijima eceleni kwe-fiber, yenze "i-figure-8" uma ibukwa ohlangothini. I-messenger ingaba yinsimbi noma igqunywe ngomshise, inikeze amandla engeziwe.

• Nciphisa izingozi zokuwa komoya kanye nokuwa komoya

• Sheshisa ukufakwa njengoba kudingeka ukusekelwa okuncane

• Kuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle nge-UV kanye nezendlalelo ezivimba amanzi

• Kulula ukuyibona nokulungisa

Zivamile ezindaweni zokuxhumana zasemadolobheni, ezindaweni zokuthunyelwa kwe-FTTH kanye nasezintanjeni zokusabalalisa eziminyene.

4. Ukuzisekela Okuphelele Kwe-Dielectric

Izintambo ze-ADSS fiber optic azinazo nhlobo izinsimbi, ziqukethe izendlalelo zokuvikela eziqinile kuphela, okwenza zibe zilungele ukufakwa kwezintambo zasemoyeni eduze kwemigqa yamandla aphezulu, lapho umsindo kagesi ungadala khona umonakalo. Zilula kunezinketho zensimbi, kulula ukuzithutha, futhi ziyashesha ukuzisebenzisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezixineneyo noma ezindaweni ezinokuphazamiseka okukhulu, njengemigwaqo yedolobha kanye neziteshi ezizungezile.

5. Ucingo Oluphansi Olubonakalayo

Izintambo ze-OPGW, uhlobo lwekhebula le-optical lasemoyeni, zidlala indima ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukuthwala idatha kanye nezintambo zikagesi eziphansi. Zakhiwe ngensimbi ukuze ziqine futhi zifakwe ngaphakathi, zivikela ekukhanyeni futhi zigcina inethiwekhi ixhunyiwe. Izinsiza zisebenzisa i-OPGW ukuphepha kanye nedatha esheshayo emigqeni yokudlulisa emide, okwenza ukufakwa kwezintambo zasemoyeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukufaka i-OPGW kuhilela ukubhekana nezintambo ezibukhoma kanye namaqembu kagesi, ngakho ukuhlela kubalulekile.

Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Ukufakwa Kwe-Aerial?

Ukufakwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic lasemoyeniAma-s anikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokusabalalisa ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ukugoba imisele kunzima noma kungadingi izindleko eziningi. Ngokusebenzisa izinsika nezindlela ezikhona, lezi zixazululo zokufaka izintambo emoyeni zenza kube lula ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni ezinkulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizindawo zezintaba noma izindlela zasemadolobheni eziphithizelayo. Njengoba isidingo esikhulayo samanethiwekhi asheshayo futhi angabizi emhlabeni jikelele, ukufakwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic emoyeni kuba yindlela yokuthutha ekhethwayo yabahlinzeki benethiwekhi abaningi.

Isivinini Sokusetshenziswa

Ukufakwa emoyeni kusheshisa ukufakwa kwe-fiber optic, okwenza umthelela omkhulu ezikhathini zephrojekthi. Ukufakwa emoyeni akudingi ukumba noma ukuhambisa umhlaba, okungavimba iphrojekthi noma kudale izinkinga ngesimo sezulu, imigwaqo noma izinsiza. Esikhundleni salokho, izintambo zilengiswa ezigxotsheni ngaphezulu, kusetshenziswa lokho osekukhona kakade—cabanga ngamandla kanye nezintambo zocingo.

Ngale ndlela, ukuxhumana okusha kwe-gig kungafika emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ngezinsuku, hhayi amasonto. Isibonelo, lapho umphakathi ushintsha usuka ku-3G uye ku-4G noma ulungela i-5G, izintambo zomoya zingafakwa ngokushesha, zilethe ukuthuthukiswa kwensizakalo ngokushesha amakhasimende azizwayo.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko

• Asikho isidingo semishini esindayo noma imishini yokudonsa imisele eyinkimbinkimbi.

• Kudingeka abasebenzi abambalwa ekufakweni futhi kudingeka izimvume ezimbalwa.

• Ukuphazamiseka okuncane emigwaqweni noma endaweni, kuyilapho konga izindleko zokulungisa.

• Izintambo ezizisekelayo zisho izinto zokwakha ezimbalwa kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela.

Izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi nezinto zokwakha ziyinselelo enkulu uma kucatshangelwa ukufakwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic emoyeni. Abasebenzi ababhidlizi imigwaqo noma bathuthe amapayipi, ngakho-ke amaphrojekthi ashibhile kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Ukufakwa kwekhebula emoyeni kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba akugqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angagudluka noma agcwale. Ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu, njengokuhlanganisa sonke isifunda sasemakhaya, lokhu konga kuqoqana ngokushesha, kubeka i-fiber optic emoyeni njengokukhetha okuhlakaniphile kwezinhlangano ezinakekela isabelomali.

Ukufinyelela Kokulungisa

Ukufakwa kwefayibha yasemoyeni kulula kakhulu ukukulungisa noma ukuthuthukisa. Abasebenzi bangafinyelela izintambo kusukela phansi noma elolini elithwala ibhakede, okushesha futhi okuphephile kunokuhamba emigwaqweni ephithizelayo noma emasimini. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwamakhasimende lapho kulungiswa.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga kuyashesha ngoba izinkinga zibonakala kalula futhi zifinyeleleka kalula. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokusheshisa izinto noma sokuthuthukisa imishini, ukuthuthukiswa kungenziwa ngqo. Njengoba izintambo ziphezulu kangaka, azivamile ukulinyazwa ukwakhiwa noma izikhukhula, kunciphisa izingozi futhi kube lula ukulungisa.

Izinto Zokwakha Eziyinhloko

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni zakhiwe izendlalelo eziningi, ngayinye ekhethiwe ukuthuthukisa ukuqina, ubuqotho besignali, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Phakathi nendawo kukhona i-core, eyakhiwe yi-silicon dioxide emsulwa (i-SiO2). Lapho ukukhanya kushesha khona, idatha iyandiza. I-core ye-fiber yemodi eyodwa ingama-microns angu-9 ububanzi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokusetshenziswa kwebanga elide. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-fiber yemodi eminingi, ene-core efika kuma-microns angu-62.5, ivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kugxume ngama-engeli amaningi, okwenza kufaneleke kangcono ukugijima okufushane. I-cladding imboza i-core, ibamba ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwayo ngokuba ne-refractive index ephansi engu-1.47 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-core engu-1.49 ku-1300nm. Okulandelayo yi-coating, i-armor enezendlalelo ezimbili evikela intambo ezinkingeni nasemafolweni. Uzungeze konke lokhu, uzothola amalungu amandla kanye nejakethi yekhebula, kokubili okubalulekile ekufakweni kwekhebula lasemoyeni. Isendlalelo ngasinye sinenjongo, sihlanganisa ukwenza ikhebula le-fiber optic lasemoyeni liqine ngokwanele ukulenga phakathi kwezigxobo, isimo sezulu esivunguvungwini, nokugcina idatha igeleza.

Izinto Zejakethi

Amajakethi angewona awensimbi aklanyelwe izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni akhiwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE), i-polyurethane (PU), kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). I-PE iqinile, imelana nelanga, amanzi, kanye namakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic zangaphandle. Ezindaweni ezinokushisa okukhulu noma ukuchayeka elangeni, amajakethi amelana ne-UV abalulekile, njengoba evimbela ijakethi ukuthi lingaphuki, okugcina amanzi kanye nokungcola kuphuma, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zisebenza isikhathi eside. Amanye amajakethi ethu ayabiza kakhulu kodwa avame ukuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima. Ukukhetha ijakethi efanele kumayelana nokulinganisela isimo sezulu, ilanga, izilwane, kanye nesabelomali sakho.

Amalungu Amandla

Amalungu okuqina abalulekile ekufakweni kwekhebula lomoya, njengoba evimbela izintambo ukuthi zinganwebeki. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe ngensimbi noma i-fiberglass, insimbi inikeza amandla aphelele okugijima isikhathi eside, kuyilapho i-fiberglass ilula kodwa iqinile okugijima isikhathi esifushane. Lezi zingxenye zibalulekile ezixazululweni zekhebula lomoya, zigcina ikhebula liqonde futhi livikelekile emithwalweni yomoya noma yeqhwa. Ngokuvimbela ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, noma ukugoba ngokweqile, lo mklamo unciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa futhi uthuthukisa isikhathi eside.

Amapayipi e-Buffer

Amashubhu e-buffer azungeza imicu yengilazi ethambile yezintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni futhi azinikeze indawo yokushintsha ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Lo mklamo uvumela izintambo eziphezulu ukuba zigobe ngaphandle kokugoba, icebo elihlakaniphile lokuvikela imicu ekucindezelekeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwekhebula lasemoyeni phakathi kwezigxobo. Amashubhu angase abe nentambo eyodwa noma imicu eminingi, enezixazululo ezahlukene zezintambo zasemoyeni ezinezakhiwo zamashubhu ahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi zingaki imicu edinga ukuvikelwa nokuthi ikhebula kufanele liguquguquke kangakanani.

Ukuvimba Amanzi

Ukuvimba amanzi kubalulekile ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezimanzi zokufakwa kwekhebula lomoya. Kuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angene ekhebula lomoya le-fiber optic, okungase kubhubhise imicu. Kusetshenziswa ama-barrier gels, ama-powder, noma i-tape, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezimvula noma ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo zekhebula lomoya zigcina idatha igeleza, ngisho nangesikhathi sezulu sasendle.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokucatshangelwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwabantu

Ukufakwa kwefayibha yasemoyeni kuletha izinselele nezinqumo ezihlukile, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwekhebula lasemoyeni. Yonke iphrojekthi kumele ilinganise izindleko, indawo ezungezile, imithethonqubo, kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokuqhathanisa nezidingo zendawo kanye nezinhloso eziqhubekayo.

Izici Zemvelo

Umoya, iqhwa, ukushisa, kanye neziphepho konke kuthinta impilo kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi yezintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni. Ezindaweni ezinomoya, izintambo zingajika futhi zibangele ukucindezeleka, okwenza kube kubalulekile ukuthi izigxobo zezinsika kanye nokuwa kwekhebula kuhlelwe kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwekhebula lasemoyeni. Ukwakheka kweqhwa kwengeza isisindo, kudonse izintambo nezinsika, okungase kuholele ekuqhekekeni noma ekulahlekelweni kwesignali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usawoti ezindaweni ezisogwini noma umusi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kungalimaza amajakethi ekhebula. Izifundo zesayithi zisiza ukuhlonza lezi zingozi kusengaphambili. Iphrojekthi eyodwa esifundeni sezintaba, isibonelo, ihlangabezane nokudilika komhlaba kanye nokuqhekeka okubandayo. Ukusebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic ze-ADSS kwavumela ithimba ukuthi linqobe kokubili isimo sezulu kanye nendawo. Ukukhetha ikhebula le-optical lasemoyeni elifanele, elinikeza isivikelo esanele futhi elifanele izimo zendawo, kuphumela ekulungisweni okuncane kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwekhebula le-fiber optic, ngezinye izikhathi elihlala iminyaka engama-25.

Izindlela Zokufaka

I-fibre yomoya ingafakwa ngentambo kusetshenziswa i-reel ehambayo noma izindlela ze-reel ezimile.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele Indlela yokuhambisa isondo ilungele ukugijima okude nokuqondile, kuyilapho isondo elingashukumi lisiza lapho isikhala silinganiselwe. Ukucushwa kwekhebula elingaphakathi komgudu kusebenzisa i-fiber evunguzayo noma ecindezelwayo futhi kulungele imizila eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwekhebula. Lapho ijubane libaluleke khona, izintambo zomoya ezifakwe intambo ngaphambili ziyashesha ukufakwa. Ukukhetha isu kuyindaba yendawo, izindleko, kanye nesikhathi. Ama-winches, ama-cable puller, kanye namamitha okucindezela, isibonelo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala ziqinile futhi ziphephile. Ubuciko obubi buholela ekugobeni, ekucindezeleni, noma ekuqhekekeni kwemigqa endleleni, ngakho-ke abasebenzi abanolwazi kanye nemishini yekhwalithi kubalulekile.

Izindinganiso Zokulawula

Ukulandela imithetho yendawo neyomhlaba wonke kuvikela ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokutholakala kwenethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwekhebula lomoya. Ukunamathela kula makhodi kuholela ekuncipheni kwamaphupho amabi angokomthetho noma okulungisa kanye nokusayinwa okusheshayo ngabahloli. Unganaki omunye wemithetho ebalulekile, futhi izintambo zomoya ze-fiber optic kungadingeka ziphinde zenziwe kabusha noma zihlukaniswe, okubiza amahora namadola.

Ukunciphisa Ukuwohloka Kwesignali

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni zibhekana nezingozi eziningi ezingonakalisa ikhwalithi yesignali, okuhlanganisa umoya, imvula, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoba nokwelula kungadala izinkinga, ngakho-ke ukukhetha ikhebula le-optical lasemoyeni elifanele kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwekhebula le-optical lasemoyeni elihlakaniphile kanye nokuqondisa ikhebula ngendlela efanele kusiza ukugcina izimpawu eziqinile naphezu kokweqisa kwemvelo.

Ukulahlekelwa Kokugoba

Ukulahleka kokugoba, noma ukuvuza, kwenzeka lapho ukukhanya kuphuma enkabeni ye-fiber ngenxa yokugoba okubukhali noma ukugoba okuncane, okuholela ezimpawini ezibuthakathaka noma ekuxhumaneni okuwile. Izintambo ezigobile, ngisho nezincane, zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile ophahleni noma ezinsikeni zokusetshenziswa. Kungcono ukunamathela ku-radius encane yokugoba yekhebula bese usebenzisa ama-curve athambile, hhayi ama-engeli aqinile. Ukufakwa kwekhebula akufanele kube nzima, ngezintambo eziboshwe kakhulu noma eziphoqelelwe emakhoneni.

Uhlu oluhle lokuhlola ukulahlekelwa kokugoba:

• Sebenzisa njalo irediyasi yokugoba ephakanyisiwe ngumenzi.

• Ungalokothi ubophe izintambo ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokugcina noma sokufaka.

• Sebenzisa i-fiber engazweli ukugoba ezindaweni lapho ukugoba okuqinile kungenakugwenywa khona, njengasezindaweni ezivalekile eziqinile.

• Ukunciphisa Ukuwohloka Kwesignali Vikela izintambo ezineziqondiso nezisekelo ukuze uvimbele ukugoba noma ukubhajwa.

Uma ufaka okukhona kakade, bheka izindawo ezicijile noma ama-acute gond bese ushintsha indlela noma ushintshe izintambo njengoba kudingeka. Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusiza ekuboneni lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zingalungiseki, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho ihlakaniphile.

Ukuncipha

Ukuncishiswa kwamandla esignali njengoba ihamba ngekhebula. Lokhu kungenxa yokusabalala kweRayleigh ngaphakathi kwefayibha nesixhumi noma ukulahleka kwe-splice. Ilanga nomoya kungacindezela izintambo futhi kusheshise lokhu kufiphala ezifakweni zasemoyeni.

Linganisa nge-optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR), ethola ukuncishiswa kanye nokuqhekeka. Ukuze ulwe nokuncishiswa, sebenzisa izintambo ezincishisiwe ezinezimbobo zangaphandle ezijiyile. Gcina izixhumi kanye namaphuzu okuxhuma kuhlanzekile. Khetha imicu encishisiwe ephansi ukuze udonse isikhathi eside. Lokhu kugcina idatha yakho igeleza ngokushesha nangokuhlanzekile, ngisho namabanga amade.

Ukuhlakazeka

Ukuhlakazeka kusabalalisa ukukhanya okuhambayo yonke indawo lapho kuhamba amabanga amade, kuhlanganisa idatha futhi kunciphisa isivinini. Ukuhlakazeka kwe-Chromatic kanye ne-modal yizinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu. I-Chromatic yenzeka lapho imibala ehlukene yokukhanya (ubude bamagagasi) isakazeka ngesivinini esihlukile. I-Modal yenzeka kuma-fiber e-multi-mode njengoba ukukhanya kuhamba ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ukuze unciphise ukusabalala, khetha imicu yemodi eyodwa yokuxhumana okude, okushesha kakhulu. Ilwa nezinhlobo zombili. Sebenzisa imicu eshintshiwe uma inethiwekhi yakho idinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwedatha esheshayo. Uma ugijima kafushane, imicu evamile yemodi eminingi ilungile, kodwa bheka imininingwane ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihambisana nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Ikusasa Lamanethiwekhi Asemoyeni

Ikhebula le-fiber optic lasemoyeni lizochaza ukukhula kwenethiwekhi okuzayo. Namuhla, lihamba phambili ezindaweni lapho ukumbozwa kwemigqa engaphansi komhlaba kungeyona inketho—izintaba, izindawo zezikhukhula, amadolobha amakhulu amatasa, noma amadolobhana akude. Isidingo sokuxhumeka okusheshayo kokubili ezindaweni ezimatasa zedolobha kanye nezindawo zokungena ezikude kusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi asemoyeni ngezinye izikhathi ayindlela yodwa yokuvala ukwahlukana kwedijithali. Abanye bangafaka amakhilomitha amane kuya kwayisihlanu ekhebula lasemoyeni ngosuku, okuletha i-inthanethi kulabo abalinde isikhathi eside kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza izixazululo zekhebula lasemoyeni zibaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.

Izintambo ezizisekelayo, njenge-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting), ziyanda. Zingalenga phakathi kwezinsika ngaphandle kwezintambo ezengeziwe ezisekela isisindo sazo kanye nomoya wesimo sezulu, iqhwa, kanye neziphepho ngokwethembeka kakhulu kunemiklamo yangaphambilini. Lokhu kuhlelwa kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka futhi kugcina ukuhambisana kwesignali, okubalulekile ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Izindleko zekhebula le-fiber optic emoyeni zingasukela ku-$0.20 kuya ku-$5.00 ngefithi, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho zabahleli ezihlangabezana nesabelomali esahlukahlukene noma izidingo zokwakha. Lokhu kushiya izinketho zasemoyeni zifinyeleleka kalula ezikoleni, emitholampilo, nasemadolobheni amancane adinga ukuxhumana okuqinile kodwa anemali elinganiselwe.

Imiklamo emisha isebenzisa izembozo zangaphandle ezithuthukisiwe kanye nama-core aqinile, ngakho-ke izintambo ze-fiber emoyeni zibekezelela ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi futhi zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane. Lezi zibuyekezo zihumusha ekuncipheni kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuzethemba okwengeziwe kunethiwekhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyibhulokhi yedolobha noma idolobhana elikude. Isidingo sesivinini esivela ku-5G, ikakhulukazi, sishukumisela abakhi ukuba bakhethe izintambo ezikwazi ukudlulisa ulwazi oluningi ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kokufakwa kwezintambo emoyeni.

Izinhlelo ezinkulu manje zibheke phezulu emoyeni naphansi emanzini. Izintambo zefayibha zangaphansi kolwandle ziyabekwa, njengezintambo ezintsha oLwandle Olubomvu, ukusiza ukubopha amazwekazi nokusebenzela ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi yomhlaba. Kunezithiyo. Isimo sezulu, ukuwa kwezihlahla, kanye nezindawo ezinzima kusho ukuthi ukufakwa kwekhebula ngalinye lasemoyeni kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nemishini esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kugcinwe inethiwekhi iminyaka eminingi.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kumanethiwekhi ezindiza kuzophindeka kabili ngo-2030. Umncintiswano uyaqhubeka wezixhumanisi ezingcono, ezisheshayo, nezithembekile kuyo yonke indawo ezibumba indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo, abafunda ngayo, futhi abahlala bexhumana ngayo.

Isiphetho

Hlobo luni lwezintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni ezenzelwe ukumelana nomoya, imvula, nelanga? Ngayinye ihlangabezana nesidingo esithile, izintambo eziyisicaba zezindawo zasemadolobheni, ezizisekelayo ukuhamba isikhathi eside, noma ezisebenzisa i-dielectric kuphela ezindaweni ezinezintambo zikagesi eziningi. Amaqembu akhetha okusebenza kahle ngokucabangela isimo sezulu, ubude, kanye nezindleko. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwesignali, umzila ohlakaniphile kanye nokufakwa okuqinile kuhamba ibanga elide. Imibono emisha iyaqhubeka nokuvela, okwenza amanethiwekhi aqine futhi asheshe. I-fiber yasemoyeni iyaqhubeka nokuba yisinqumo esithandwayo sokwandisa amadolobha amancane nezindawo zasemadolobheni eziphithizelayo. Ufuna inethiwekhi eyakhelwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside? Khetha ikhebula lakho ngokuhlakanipha, hlela umzila wakho ngokucophelela, bese ubambelela kulokho okusebenzayo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni?

Ngokuyinhloko zifaka phakathi i-figure-8 self-supporting, i-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting), kanye nezintambo ze-fiber optic ze-aerial eziboshwe ngentambo. Uhlobo ngalunye luhloselwe ukufakwa kwekhebula le-aerial futhi lunikeza amazinga ahlukahlukene okuqina kanye nesivikelo.

Kungani ukufakwa kwe-fiber optic emoyeni kukhethwa kwezinye izindawo?

Izixazululo zezintambo zasemoyeni zivame ukukhethwa ngoba zishibhile futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngokushesha, okwenza zifaneleke ezindaweni lapho izintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba ziyinkinga noma zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yezithiyo noma indawo.

Yiziphi izakhi eziyinhloko zokwakha izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni?

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni ngokuvamile zifaka i-sheath yangaphandle evikelayo, amalungu aqinile okusekela, kanye nezintambo ze-optical zokudlulisa idatha. Izinhlobo ezithile zinezinto ezivimba amanzi.

Uzivikela kanjani izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni ekulimaleni kwesimo sezulu?

Izintambo zasemoyeni, ikakhulukazi izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni, zisebenzisa amajakethi amelana ne-UV nezinto eziqinile ukuze zimelane nokukhanya kwelanga, umoya, imvula, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okuqinisekisa izixazululo zezintambo zasemoyeni ezithembekile.

Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic zasemoyeni?

Cabanga ngemithetho yendawo, ukutholakala kwezigxobo, kanye nezinhlobo zekhebula le-fiber optic emoyeni ngenkathi uhlela izixazululo zekhebula le-air eziphephile nezisebenzayo.

Kungancishiswa kanjani ukuwohloka kwesignali kumanethiwekhi e-fiber optic asemoyeni?

Hlobo luni lwezixazululo zekhebula le-fiber optic elitholakalayo ukuze kulungiswe njalo futhi kulungiswe umonakalo ngokushesha?

Yiziphi intuthuko ezibumba ikusasa lamanethiwekhi e-fiber optic asemoyeni?

Ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile, izinto eziqinile, kanye namasu okufaka ikhebula lasemoyeni okulula kwenza amanethiwekhi ekhebula lasemoyeni le-fiber optic athembeke kakhudlwana, asebenze kahle, futhi akhuliswe ngokwezidingo zesikhathi esizayo.