Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele kwe-G.657.A1, G.657.A2 kanye ne-G.657.B3

2026-07-13

Ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-FTTH Fiber ekhaya, izikhungo zedatha ze-AI computing, i-5G fronthaul, izintambo ezibanzi zangaphakathi, ukuxhumana okuncane kwe-FPV drone kanye nokwakhiwa kokuvuselelwa kwamanje okubuthakathaka emhlabeni wonke, intambo yendabuko ye-G.652D single-mode ihlushwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokugoba kanye nesikhala esilinganiselwe socingo, okuvimbela kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana we-optical asheshayo. Yakhiwe yi-ITU-T, intambo ye-single-mode engazweli uchungechunge lwe-G.657 series bend-insensitive ithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile kumakhona amancane okujika, izintambo ezixinene kanye nezimo zepayipi elincane. Amabanga amathathu omkhiqizo ojwayelekile, intambo ejwayelekile engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.A1, intambo ethuthukisiwe engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.A2 kanye nentambo engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.B3 ultra-bend, isebenzisa amaphrofayili enkomba yokubuyisa asekelwe emseleni ahlukene, futhi aveza umehluko olinganisiwe ku-radius encane yokugoba, ububanzi bensimu yemodi kanye nokusebenza kokunciphisa. Zihlanganisa izidingo zesimo esigcwele kusukela kuzintambo zasekhaya ezingabizi kakhulu kuya kuzintambo ezikhethekile eziqinile kakhulu.

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1. Uhlelo Olujwayelekile lwe-ITU-T G.657: I-Core Technical Logic ye-Category A kanye ne-Category B Fibers

Inguqulo yakamuva ebuyekeziwe ye-ITU-T G.657 ihlukanisa imicu yemodi eyodwa engezwani nokugoba nokulahlekelwa ibe amagatsha amabili amakhulu: Isigaba A (imicu yokuqala yokuhambisana) kanye nesigaba B (imicu emelana nokugoba kakhulu). Umgomo oyinhloko womklamo ukucindezela ukulahlekelwa kokugoba okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kokugoba okuncane okubangelwa ukuvuza kwemisebe yesignali ye-optical ngemva kokugoba kwefayibha.

1.1 Indlela Yokulahlekelwa Kokugoba Kwefayibha

I-fiber ejwayelekile yemodi eyodwa inomkhawulo wokukhanya obuthakathaka enkabeni. Uma isigobile, izindlela eziqondiswayo ziguqulwa zibe izindlela zokukhanya, futhi amandla okukhanya agcwala i-cladding ukuze kwakheke ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe. Ngemva kokugoba kaningi emipayipini emincane, ukulahlekelwa okuqongelelekile kuzoholela ekunqanyulweni kwe-broadband, ukulahlekelwa yiphakethe kuzixhumanisi zokudlulisa zesivinini esiphezulu se-10G/40G, ukuthuthumela kwesignali yevidiyo kanye nokunye ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuxhumana. Zonke izintambo ze-G.657 zamukela isakhiwo senkomba yokubuyisa esisizwa umsele: umsele we-annular low-refractive-index uyangezwa phakathi kwe-core kanye ne-outer cladding ukuze kwakhiwe isithiyo sokuvala i-photon esinciphisa kakhulu ukuvuza kwamandla okukhanya ngaphansi kwezimo zokugoba. Okwamanje, zigcina ukusebenza kokudlulisa okuphansi kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kwe-full-band, zisekela ukudluliselwa okuhambisanayo kwezinhlelo ze-GPON, 10G EPON, CWDM kanye ne-DWDM kulo lonke ibhendi yokuxhumana ye-O/S/C/L ephelele (1260–1625 nm).

1.2 Ukubekwa Kwezintambo Zesigaba A (G.657.A1 & G.657.A2)

Ububanzi bensimu yemodi yesici se-G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2 (MFD) buseduze nefayibha yemodi eyodwa ejwayelekile ye-G.652D, esukela ku-8.6 μm kuya ku-9.5 μm ku-1310 nm. Ukulahleka kwe-Bidirectional fusion splicing ngemishini yokuxhumana ekhona, ama-fusion splicers, amamojula e-optical kanye nama-optical splitters kulawulwa ngaphansi kuka-0.1 dB. Akukho ukushintshwa kwemishini yokwakha ekhona okudingekayo, okwenza ibe yindawo efanele yokuvuselelwa kwenethiwekhi endala kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu e-FTTH e-broadband yomphakathi alinganisela ukuhambisana kanye nokumelana nokugoba okulinganisiwe.

1.3 Ukubekwa Kwe-Fiber Yesigaba B (G.657.B3)

I-G.657.B3 isebenzisa izakhiwo zomsele ezijulile nezibanzi ezinezingqimba eziningi ukuze inciphise kakhulu ububanzi bensimu yemodi futhi ifinyelele ukuvalelwa kwensimu yokukhanya okuqine kakhulu kulo lonke umugqa womkhiqizo we-G.657, ngerediyasi yokugoba encane engaphansi kuka-5 mm. Ivumelana ne-micro-trunking encane kakhulu engenabhafa, izintambo zangaphakathi zamarobhothi, ukugoba okuncane ngaphakathi kwama-drone e-FPV, kanye nama-jumper aqinile e-backboard amakhabethe eseva aqinile. Ukushintshana kufana nokuhlanganiswa okubuthakathaka kancane ne-fiber ye-G.652D endala uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fibers yeSigaba A; abakhi badinga ukulungisa amapharamitha okukhipha i-fusion ukuze balawule ukulahlekelwa okweqile ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

2. Ukuqhathaniswa Okuvundlile Kwamapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Oyinhloko e-G.657.A1, G.657.A2 kanye ne-G.657.B3

Irediyasi egobayo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-macro-gonding yizinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlukanisayo zamazinga amathathu e-fiber. Ngokwezindinganiso zokuhlola ze-ITU-T, yonke idatha yokulahlekelwa ilinganiswa nge-loop eyodwa egoqwe ngesilinda serediyasi ecacisiwe, nefasitela elingu-1550 nm njengesilinganiso sokudluliselwa kwensizakalo ye-broadband.

2.1 Amapharamitha Okumelana Nokugoba Kwesilinganiso

I-Fiber Ejwayelekile Emelana Nokugoba ye-G.657.A1
Irediyasi yokugoba evumelekile okungenani: 10 mm; ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kokugoba okukhulu ≤0.75 dB kweluphu eyodwa engu-10 mm ku-1550 nm, ≤1.5 dB ku-1625 nm.
Ifanelekela amakhona odonga ajwayelekile angu-90°, amapayipi avamile e-PVC abuthakathaka kanye nezintambo ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi okuhlukanisa i-corridor, anokubekezelelana kwamaphutha okuphakathi kokusebenza kokugoba.
I-Fiber Engagobi Ethuthukisiwe ye-G.657.A2
Irediyasi yokugoba evumelekile okungenani: 7.5 mm; ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kokugoba okukhulu ≤0.5 dB kweluphu eyodwa engu-7.5 mm ku-1550 nm, ≤1.0 dB ku-1625 nm.
Ukumelana nokugoba kuthuthukiswe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-G.657.A1. Sekuyi-fiber ejwayelekile ejwayelekile yezintambo ze-FTTH emhlabeni wonke, ekwazi ukudlula kalula izimbobo zokungena odongeni oluncane kanye nezindandatho zokuphatha izintambo zekhabhinethi ezixineneyo.
I-Fiber Ekhethekile Engazweli Kakhulu Ye-G.657.B3
Irediyasi yokugoba evumelekile okungenani: 5 mm; ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kokugoba okukhulu ≤0.5 dB kweluphu eyodwa engu-5 mm ku-1550 nm, ≤1.0 dB ku-1625 nm.
Inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kokugoba kulo lonke uchungechunge lwe-G.657, ibekezelela ukugoba okuqinile okuphindaphindiwe, ukugoba okubukhali kwe-engeli yesokudla kanye nokwakheka okuxinene ngaphakathi kwamapayipi amancane ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukugoba okuqongelelekile.

2.2 Amapharamitha Okunciphisa Ukukhanya Okubonakalayo Okujwayelekile

Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ziyimicu esezingeni eliphansi lamanzi esusa i-peak yokuncishiswa kokumuncwa kwamanzi engu-1383 nm, enezindinganiso ezihlanganisiwe zokuncishiswa kwebhendi egcwele futhi ayinazo izinkinga ebangeni eliphezulu lokudlulisela:

Ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-1310 nm efasiteleni: ≤0.35 dB/km
Ukuncipha okukhulu kwefasitela le-1383 nm le-water peak: ≤0.35 dB/km
Ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-attenuation kufasitela elingu-1490 nm: ≤0.24 dB/km
Ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-attenuation kufasitela elingu-1550 nm: ≤0.20 dB/km
Ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-attenuation kufasitela elingu-1625 nm: ≤0.23 dB/km
Ububanzi obufanayo bokumboza obungu-125 μm, iphutha lokugxila kwe-core-cladding ≤0.5 μm, ukucindezeleka kokuhlola ≥0.69 GPa, kanye namandla okudonsa anele okumelana nokudonsa ngesikhathi sokuhambisa amapayipi angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ama-coefficients e-Ultra-low polarization mode dispersion (PMD) asekela ukudluliswa kwejubane eliphezulu okuzinzile kwebanga elide kwezixhumanisi ze-optical ze-10G, 40G kanye ne-100G.

2.3 Ukuhambisana kwe-Fusion Splicing kanye nokuvumelana nokwakhiwa

I-G.657.A1: Ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-G.652D; akukho ukuguquguquka kokulahlekelwa kwe-fusion uma kuxutshwa namanethiwekhi amadala. Ama-fusion splicers esizukulwane esidala awadingi ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu kokuvuselelwa kwe-broadband kamasipala okukhulu.
G.657.A2: Ukuhambisana okuhle ne-G.652D; kungavela kuphela i-OTDR false gain ngezikhathi ezithile, engasuswa ngemishini ejwayelekile yobuchwepheshe yokuhlanganisa. Ifinyelela ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuhambisana nokumelana nokugoba.
G.657.B3: Ububanzi bensimu yemodi encane; isikhathi eside sokukhipha kanye nokulungiswa kwe-offset yokuqondanisa okucolekile kuyadingeka uma ufaka i-docking nge-fiber ye-G.652D endala. Akukhuthazwa ukuxuba kumaphrojekthi amakhulu e-trunk line, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi amasha azimele okuxhumana okukhethekile engenazo izithiyo zokuhambisana.

2.4 Izinto Ezingavuthiwe kanye ne-Gradient Yezindleko (Uphawu Lokulinganisa Imakethe Ye-Fiber Yomhlaba Wonke, 2026)

Ukuqhathanisa intengo yefayibha engenalutho yangaphambili ngekhilomitha kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokucubungula ikhebula le-optical:

G.657.A1: Ubuchwepheshe obulula bokulungisa imisele engajulile enesendlalelo esisodwa enezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa, iphakeme ngo-10% kuphela kune-G.652D, ikhambi elihle kakhulu lokulawula izindleko zamaphrojekthi obunjiniyela besabelomali esikhulu.
G.657.A2: I-preform ye-trench ene-gradient ephindwe kabili elungiselelwe kahle, izindleko zikhuphuke ngo-20%. Iphethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuthunyelwa emhlabeni wonke ngezindleko nokusebenza okulinganiselayo, okwamukelwa kabanzi ngabaqhubi bezokuxhumana ngocingo ukuze kuthengwe impahla eyodwa.
G.657.B3: I-nano-trench preform enezingqimba eziningi enezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanza nokudweba; izindleko zefayibha engenalutho ziphakeme ngo-30% kune-G.657.A1. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebula e-optical enziwe ngokwezifiso aphezulu kanye nokuxhuma kwangaphakathi kwemishini yokunemba, ngesidingo esilinganiselwe kumaphrojekthi avamile e-broadband yomphakathi.

3. Umehluko Ojulile Ebuchwephesheni Bokukhiqiza Bama-Fiber Amabanga Amathathu

3.1 Inqubo Yokudweba I-Single-Trench Elula ye-G.657.A1

I-fiber preform isebenzisa kuphela umklamo wokusebenzisa i-single-layer shallow trench doping, onezinga lokushisa elibanzi lokudweba kanye nesivuno sokukhiqiza esingaphezu kuka-98%, okusekela ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo okuqhubekayo. Isakhiwo se-shallow trench sigcina ububanzi bensimu yemodi eduze ne-standard single-mode fiber, sidela ukumelana nokugoba okuyingxenye ukuze kuhambisane kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-fiber basekhaya bagcina isitokwe esanele kanye nemijikelezo yokulethwa emfushane yalolu hlobo, benakekela amaphrojekthi ayisisekelo e-FTTH broadband kubasebenzi abancane nabaphakathi emakethe yomhlaba wonke asafufusa.

3.2 Inqubo Yokucheba Imisele Emibili Elinganiselayo ye-G.657.A2

Imisele ye-gradient refractive index enezingqimba ezimbili ihlelwe izungeze umongo we-fiber, ngokujula komongo kanye nobubanzi obujwayelekile obulungiselelwe ngaphansi kwezimiso ze-ITU-T. Le nqubo ifinyelela ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kokuqina kokudonsa, ukumelana nokugoba kanye nokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwama-65% okuthunyelwa kwe-fiber emhlabeni wonke ngo-2026 yi-G.657.A2, okuyi-fiber ejwayelekile yomongo wezintambo zokudonsa, izintambo ze-patch ezivalwe ngaphakathi kanye nezintambo ezincane. Ama-oda avela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda ye-broadband yaseYurophu ayaqhubeka nokukhula unyaka nonyaka.

3.3 Inqubo Yokudweba Okukhethekile Komsele Ojulile Wezingqimba Eziningi we-G.657.B3

Kusetshenziswa isakhiwo somsele ophansi onezingqimba ezintathu, esidinga ukunemba kwezinga le-micron ukuze kusetshenziswe i-preform doping kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa okuqinile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudweba i-fiber ngokubekezelelana kwamaphutha enqubo okuphansi. Isivuno sokukhiqiza se-single-batch sehla saya cishe ku-90%, sinciphisa umthamo wokukhiqiza jikelele. Ukuvalelwa kwensimu yokukhanya okukhulu kwenza i-G.657.B3 isebenze kahle ngisho nangemva kokugoqa okuqinile okuphindaphindiwe ku-radius encane kakhulu engu-5 mm ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukugoba okuncane nokukhulu okuqoqiwe. Kungokwe-fiber esezingeni eliphansi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, enempahla encane etholakala eshalofini kanye nezikhathi zokulethwa ezinde zama-oda amaningi.

4. Ukukhetha Okusekelwe Esimweni Esinembile: Imingcele Yohlelo Lokusebenza ye-G.657.A1, A2 kanye ne-B3 (Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko Kwamakhasimende Ezohwebo Nobunjiniyela Bangaphandle)

4.1 Izimo Ezisebenzayo ze-G.657.A1 (Izintambo Ezijwayelekile Zezomnotho)

Ukufakwa kwe-FTTH okujwayelekile ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezinezitezi eziningi ezinamapayipi amakhulu omgwaqo kanye namakhona ambalwa okujika;
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-broadband yemiphakathi emidala ngokwandiswa kwamandla amanethiwekhi akhona e-G.652D splitter;
Imigqa yamagatsha epayipi yangaphandle yamapaki ezimboni kanye nezintambo eziqondile emithonjeni yamandla kagesi ebuthakathaka enesikhala esimaphakathi;
Amaphrojekthi asemakhaya nasemalokishini okusebenzisa i-fiber to the home anesabelomali esincane, ingqalasizinda ye-broadband engabizi kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka;
Izintambo zekhebula ezihlelekile zehhovisi lebhizinisi ezinendawo eyanele yokuxhuma izintambo zekhabhinethi futhi azikho izidingo zokugoqa okuqinile.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Izindleko zokuthenga eziphansi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-zero-threshold fusion, uchungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba oluzinzile.

Ukulinganiselwa: Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwenzeka kalula ezimweni ezincane zokujika okuningi; akufaneleki ukwakheka kwephaneli ye-micro-trunking kanye ne-dense patch.

4.2 Izimo Ezisebenzayo ze-G.657.A2 (I-Mainstream High-Performance Universal Fiber)

Amafulethi aphezulu, izindlu ezimbili kanye nomzila wezintambo zokuhlala ohlotshiswe ngokuphelele onezimbobo ezincane zokungena odongeni kanye nezindawo zokujika ezixineneyo;
Ukufakwa kwezintambo zangaphakathi ezixinene kakhulu ezindaweni zokuthenga ezinkulu, emahhotela nasezindlini zamahhovisi ezinezimbobo zamandla ezibuthakathaka eziminyene;
Izintambo zokubopha ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe e-AI computing data centre kanye nezintambo eziqinile eziteshini ezibandayo zama-backboard amancane eseva;
Ukufakwa kwe-antenna ekude ye-5G FTTA kanye nezintambo ezincane ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe esiteshi esiyisisekelo anokugoba okuphindaphindiwe ezindaweni zemishini emincane;
Ukwakhiwa kwentambo encane ye-micro-duct evuthelwe umoya, izintambo ze-fiber patch ze-LSZH zangaphakathi ezivimbe ilangabi eziqinile;
Imicu yokuxhumana evamile yama-drone e-FPV kanye nocingo lwangaphakathi lwemishini yezimboni ephakathi nencane.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokumelana nokugoba kanye nokuhambisana kwenethiwekhi, efanelekela u-90% wezimo ezijwayelekile zomphakathi nezezimboni, indinganiso yokuthengwa komhlaba wonke enezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokwehluleka ngemuva kokusebenza.

Ukulinganiselwa: Ukusebenza kokugoba akukwazi ukufana ne-G.657.B3 ngaphansi kwezimo zezintambo ezikhethekile ze-ultra-compact 5 mm.

4.3 Izimo Ezisebenzayo ze-G.657.B3 (Izintambo Eziphezulu Ezikhethekile Ezincane Kakhulu)

Amapayipi okungena amancane kakhulu, amapayipi afihliwe agqitshwe ngaphambilini ezindongeni kanye nezintambo ezingabonakali ezincane kakhulu zezakhiwo ezivuselelwe;
Izintambo eziqinile zokunamathisela kuma-backboard e-blade server ezindaweni ezinkulu ze-AI supercomputing, ezigoqeka ngokuqinile emasongweni okuphatha ikhebula anezingqimba eziningi;
Imicu ye-optical ye-drag chain eguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kwamarobhothi ezimboni kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ehlala isikhathi eside igoba ngokujikeleza;
Imicu yokuxhumana engenalutho emincane kakhulu yama-drone e-FPV ahlala isikhathi eside, aboshwe ngokuqinile kuma-spool amancane;
Ukudluliselwa okuqondile kwe-optical ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye namamojula amancane okuxhumana kwe-optical kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto;
Izintambo ezifihliwe zezindlu ezihlakaniphile zezinga eliphezulu kanye nokubekwa okucashile okunciphile kakhulu ngaphandle kophahla olulengisiwe.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Ukusebenza okuhamba phambili embonini okulwa nokugoba, ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile ngemva kokugoba okuphindaphindwayo okuqinile ngaphandle kokuncipha okwengeziwe.

Ukulinganiselwa: Izindleko zokuthenga eziphezulu; ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha ochwepheshe kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-fiber yemodi eyodwa endala; akukhuthazwa emigqeni ye-trunk yomgogodla ekude.

5. Ukuxazulula Amaphuzu Obuhlungu Embonini: Indlela Amabanga Amathathu E-Fiber Aqeda Ngayo Ukwehluleka Kwezintambo Zendabuko

5.1 Xazulula Ukulahlekelwa Okukhulu Kokugoba Nokuphazamiseka Kwenethiwekhi kwe-G.652D

Irediyasi ejwayelekile yokugoba encane ye-ITU-T yefayibha yendabuko ye-G.652D ifinyelela ku-30 mm; ukugoba okulula kodonga okungu-90° kokuhlobisa indlu kuzobangela ukuncishiswa okungaphezu komkhawulo. I-G.657.A1 imelana nokugoba okungu-10 mm, i-G.657.A2 isekela ukugoba okungu-7.5 mm kanti i-G.657.B3 ibekezelela ukugoba okuncane njengo-5 mm, isusa ama-splice engeziwe okuhlanganisa ezindaweni zokujika. Isikhathi sokwakha ngomndeni ngamunye sincishiswa ngo-60%, kunciphisa amaphutha okusebenza afihliwe abangelwa ama-splice angafuneki. Imininingwane evela kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela e-FTTH asekhaya ikhombisa ukuthi umndeni ngamunye udinga amaphuzu engeziwe amabili okuhlanganisa nge-G.652D, okwandisa izindleko zokwakha ngo-USD 17 ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ukushintshela ku-G.657.A2 kususa ukuhlanganisa okungafuneki, kwehlisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nezabasebenzi ngo-35%.

5.2 Ukunciphisa Ubuningi Bezintambo Eziphansi Kwamakhabhinethi Esikhungo Sedatha

I-fiber ejwayelekile yemodi eyodwa ayikwazi ukugoqwa ngokuqinile, okuholela ekuxhunyweni kwephaneli ye-patch okungcolile kanye nesikhala esanele sokwandiswa komthamo wesikhungo sedatha. I-G.657.B3 isekela ukugoqwa kwe-radius encane kakhulu, okuphinda kabili ubuningi bezintambo ngaphakathi kwesikhala esifanayo sekhabhinethi. Ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuxhumeka okuphezulu kwamaseva ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ezikhungweni zokubala ze-AI futhi iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha yokubala ye-40G/100G ephansi.

5.3 Gwema Ukulahlekelwa Yisignali Ye-FPV Drone Fine Winding

Ama-spool amancane emigqa yokuxhumana ye-FPV drone anobubanzi obuncane kakhulu; i-fiber evamile yemodi eyodwa ihlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwevidiyo ngemva kokugoqa. I-fiber engenalutho ye-G.657.B3 ingasongwa ngokuqinile kuma-micro-reels ngaphandle kokunciphisa okwengeziwe, ibe yimodeli ye-fiber ekhethekile yezithombe zasemoyeni eziphezulu kanye nama-drone okuhlola ezimboni.

5.4 Nciphisa Izingozi Zokulahlekelwa Yi-Fusion Zokuthuthukiswa Kwenethiwekhi Yesikhathi Esidlule

I-G.657.A1 kanye ne-A2 zigcina amapharamitha ensimu yemodi afana kakhulu ne-G.652D, awenzi ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe lapho kuxhuma imigqa emidala nemisha. Abaqhubi be-Telecom bangathuthukisa amanethiwekhi e-broadband ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuphelele ama-splitter nama-modem e-optical, okunciphisa utshalomali oluphelele lokuvuselela.

6. Izitayela Zesidingo Semakethe Yomhlaba Wonke (Inkomba ka-2026 Yokuthengwa Kwamanye Amazwe, Amagama Angukhiye E-Google Ahamba Ngesivinini Esikhulu)

6.1 Ukusatshalaliswa Kwesidingo Sesifunda Esinezigaba

Izimakethe ezisafufusa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America: Zithenga kakhulu i-G.657.A1 ukuze zithole ukuthandwa kwe-broadband okungabizi kakhulu kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yedijithali kahulumeni amakhulu.
Izimakethe zokuxhumana ezivuthiwe eYurophu, eJapane, eNingizimu Korea naseNyakatho Melika: Beka phambili i-G.657.A2, ngokumbozwa kwe-FTTH okungaphezu kuka-90%. Ukukhula kwesidingo esiqhubekayo kuqhutshwa ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo sedatha kanye nokwandiswa kwe-5G fronthaul.
Imizila yezimboni ephezulu, yokubala i-AI kanye ne-drone eYurophu naseMelika: Ukuthengwa okuqondiswe kakhulu kwe-fiber ekhethekile ye-G.657.B3 eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngama-oda akhuphukayo e-LSZH kanye ne-fiber engenalutho engu-200 μm embozwe kahle kakhulu unyaka nonyaka.

6.2 Izinto Eziyinhloko Ezikhuthaza Ukukhula Kwemboni

Ukuthandwa komhlaba wonke kwe-Gigabit kanye ne-10-Gigabit fiber broadband: Isidingo esiqinile sezintambo ezincane zokugcina siphehla isidingo se-fiber G.657 sochungechunge oluphelele, kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke we-fiber engazweli ukugoba ophula amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-120 e-fiber core ngo-2026.
Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yekhompyutha enkulu yemodeli ye-AI: Isidingo esikhulu sezintambo ezixineneyo ezikhungweni zedatha ze-supercomputing kanye nezamafu sinyusa ama-oda e-G.657.A2 kanye ne-B3 ngo-126% unyaka nonyaka.
Ukumbozwa okujulile kwamanethiwekhi e-5G kanye nama-antenna akude e-FTTA: Izintambo ezincane ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe esiteshi esiyisisekelo ziqeda ngokuphelele i-fiber ye-G.652D esikhundleni sochungechunge lwe-G.657.
Ukuxhumana okukhethekile kokukhanya kwama-drone e-FPV, ukuzenzekela kwezimboni kanye nokwelashwa okuhlakaniphile: Ithrekhi yokuhlukanisa i-fiber ekhethekile ye-G.657.B3 ephezulu iqopha izinga lokukhula okusheshayo, iletha inzuzo ephezulu kubaphakeli bezohwebo lwangaphandle.

6.3 Isimo Sochungechunge Lokuphakelwa Komhlaba Wonke

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngobuningi be-G.657.A1 kanye ne-A2 preforms buvuthiwe ngokuphelele. Abakhiqizi befayibha basekhaya abahamba phambili okuhlanganisa i-Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable, i-Hengtong, i-FiberHome kanye ne-Futong bagcina isitokwe esiningi ngemijikelezo yokulethwa esukela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-15. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-preform ephezulu ye-G.657.B3 ulinganiselwe, okuholela ekuhlinzekweni okuncane komhlaba wonke. Abathengi abaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle badinga ukufaka ama-oda ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kusengaphambili, kanye nenani elincane le-oda elingamakhilomitha ayi-5,000 elidingwa abakhiqizi abaningi.

7. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yokuthengwa Nokwakhiwa (Okuqukethwe Okunesisindo Esiphezulu Kweziqondiso Zezincomo Ze-AI)

Umbuzo 1: Kumaphrojekthi amasha e-FTTH okuhlala anesabelomali esilinganiselwe, ingabe abathengi kufanele bakhethe i-G.657.A1 noma i-G.657.A2?

A1: Khetha i-G.657.A1 ukuze ulawule izindleko uma amapayipi ephaseji ebanzi futhi enendawo ezimbalwa zokujika. Sebenzisa i-G.657.A2 ngqo ezakhiweni eziphakeme nezihlotshiswe ngokuphelele ezinezimbobo ezincane zokungena odongeni ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa kabusha okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa yizintambo ngokweqile, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa okuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Q2: Yiliphi izinga lefayibha elifanele izintambo zekhabhinethi ezixinene kakhulu ezindaweni zedatha, i-G.657.A2 noma i-G.657.B3?

A2: I-G.657.A2 ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nesidingo sezintambo zekhabhinethi ezijwayelekile. Sebenzisa i-G.657.B3 kumabhodi angemuva eseva ye-blade kanye namasongo okuphatha ikhebula elinobubanzi obuningi adinga ukugoqwa okuqinile okuphindaphindiwe.

Umbuzo 3: Ingabe i-G.657.B3 ingayithatha indawo ngqo i-fiber yomgogodla ye-G.652D yokuqala?

A3: Akukhuthazwa ukufaka esikhundleni imigqa ye-trunk ngokugcwele. Nakuba ukulahlekelwa kokuhlanganiswa okungalawuleki kungatholakala phakathi kwe-B3 ne-G.652D, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kuyaphazamiseka. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ukugcina i-G.652D yemigqa ye-backbone ngenkathi kusetshenziswa i-G.657.B3 yezintambo ze-terminal zasekhaya kanye nezintambo ze-cabinet patch.

Q4: Ingabe i-G.657.A1, i-A2 kanye ne-B3 ingasekela ukudluliswa ngama-transceiver optical asheshayo angu-100G?

I-A4: Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zefayibha zihlanganyela amapharamitha okunciphisa ibhendi egcwele ahambisanayo, asekela ngokuqinile ukudluliselwa kwesivinini esiphezulu kwe-10G/40G/100G CWDM kanye ne-DWDM. Ukumelana nokugoba kuthinta kuphela ukulahlekelwa kwezintambo futhi akuvimbeli izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwezixhumanisi ze-optical.

Umbuzo 5: Yimuphi umucu obekwa phambili kumakhebula okudonsa angenawo umlilo e-LSZH athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe?

I-A5: I-G.657.A2 iyi-fiber ejwayelekile yokufanisa ama-oda okuthumela ngaphandle kwe-broadband yomphakathi. Izintambo zokudonsa ze-G.657.B3 ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyatholakala kumaphrojekthi ezintambo ezigcina umlilo ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezentengiselwano ezisezingeni eliphezulu eYurophu naseMelika.

Umbuzo 6: Ingabe i-G.657.A1, i-A2 kanye ne-B3 zingahlukaniswa ngokubukeka kuphela?

A6: Ukwembozwa kwefayibha engenalutho akubonisi mehluko obonakalayo. Ukuhlonza kumele kuncike ekulahlekelweni kokugoba okukhulu kanye nedatha encane yerediyasi yokugoba evela emibikweni yokuhlolwa kwefektri yabakhiqizi. Abathengi kumele bacele amaphepha edatha okuhlola ajwayelekile e-ITU-T ngesikhathi sokuthenga ukuze bagweme ukwehluleka kobunjiniyela okubangelwa abahlinzeki abaphansi abadlulisa i-G.657.A1 njenge-A2 noma i-A2 njenge-B3 ngamanani aphansi.

8. Isiphetho: I-Core Selection Logic kanye Nembuyiselo Yesikhathi Eside Ekutshalweni Kwezimali

I-G.657.A1, i-G.657.A2 kanye ne-G.657.B3 zakha i-gradient yomkhiqizo ephelele ehlanganisa izintambo ezijwayelekile ezingabizi, izintambo ezilinganiselwe kuzo zonke izimo kanye nezintambo eziqinile kakhulu ezimelana nokugoba okuphezulu. I-logic yokukhetha okuyinhloko incike ezinkombeni ezine ezibalulekile zephrojekthi: ububanzi besikhala sezintambo, imvamisa yokugoba kwefayibha, izidingo zokuhambisana nenethiwekhi endala kanye nesabelomali sephrojekthi iyonke.

Amaphrojekthi ashibhile anezintambo ezinkulu kanye nokuvuselelwa kwenethiwekhi endala: I-G.657.A1 iletha imbuyiselo emfushane kakhulu emjikelezweni wokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ama-90% ezimo zokuxhumanisa i-broadband yomphakathi, isikhungo sedatha kanye ne-5G: I-G.657.A2 imele inani eliphakeme lokusebenza kwezindleko okuphelele futhi ihlala iyisinqumo esiyinhloko semakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Amapayipi afihliwe kakhulu, izintambo eziguquguqukayo zezimboni, ama-drone kanye nokuxhumana kwemishini ekhethekile ngokunemba: I-G.657.B3 inikeza ukumelana kokugoba okuthembekile kakhulu ukuze kulondolozwe ukudluliselwa kwesignali okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa ngemuva kokuthengisa kwamaphrojekthi aphezulu.

Iqhutshwa ukwanda okuqhubekayo komhlaba wonke kwengqalasizinda yedijithali, amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha e-AI kanye ne-broadband ye-fiber ye-Gigabit, i-fiber ye-G.657 engazweli ukugoba izothatha indawo ye-fiber yendabuko ye-G.652D yezimo zokufinyelela kwentambo ezisheshayo. Abakhiqizi bekhebula le-optical, abathengi bezohwebo lwangaphandle kanye nabakhi bobunjiniyela kudingeka bafanise amazinga e-fiber ye-G.657.A1/A2/B3 ngokunembile ngokusekelwe ezimweni zephrojekthi ezihlukanisiwe, balinganise izindleko zokuthenga kusengaphambili kanye nezindleko zokwakha nezokulahlekelwa umsebenzi zesikhathi eside ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kwesixhumanisi sokuxhumana kwe-optical kanye nemingcele yenzuzo yephrojekthi iyonke.

Umehluko we-G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2 vs G.657.B3, incazelo yefayibha yemodi eyodwa ye-G657A1, ifayibha yekhebula ye-drop G657A2 FTTH, ifayibha engezwakali ye-ultra bend G657B3, ifayibha ejwayelekile ye-ITU-T G.657, umhlahlandlela wokukhetha ifayibha engezwakali ye-bend, ifayibha ye-AI yesikhungo sedatha ye-high density wiring, i-5G FTTA fiber cable core, ifayibha yokuxhumana ye-FPV drone, ipharamitha yokulahlekelwa kokugoba kwe-macro ye-G.657, ukuhambisana kwe-fiber fusion splicing ye-G657, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-fiber preform, uhlobo lwe-fiber core oluqinile oluhlanganisiwe ngaphakathi, ukukhethwa kwebanga le-fiber yokuthumela ikhebula le-optical, ukuqhathaniswa kwerediyasi yokugoba encane yefayibha yemodi eyodwa

Xhumana Nathi, Thola Imikhiqizo Esezingeni Eliphezulu kanye Nensizakalo Yokunaka.

Funda kabanzi

Izindaba ze-BLOG

Ulwazi Lomkhakha

Intambo ye-Fiber Optic ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Funda kabanzi

2026-07-21

Ikhebula le-fibre optic seliyinsika yamanethiwekhi okuxhumana anamuhla, lisekela i-inthanethi esheshayo, ezokuxhumana, izikhungo zedatha, ingqalasizinda ye-5G, ukuzenzekela kwezimboni, kanye namadolobha ahlakaniphile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi zendabuko, izintambo ze-fibre optic zinikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu, ukulahleka kwesignali okuphansi, amabanga amade okudlulisela, kanye nokumelana okungcono nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.

Ungayikhetha Kanjani Ikhebula Le-Fiber Patch Elifanele?

Funda kabanzi

2026-07-17

Kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana asheshayo anamuhla, intambo yesichibi sefayibha isibe ngenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumanisa amadivayisi e-optical, imishini yenethiwekhi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa i-fiber. Kusukela ezikhungweni zedatha kanye namanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-FTTH (Fiber to the Home) kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zebhizinisi, izintambo ze-fiber patch zinikeza ukuxhumana kwe-optical okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle.

Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele kwe-G.657.A1, G.657.A2 kanye ne-G.657.B3

Funda kabanzi

2026-07-13