Ikhebula le-optical, elaziwa nangokuthi ikhebula le-fiber optic, luhlobo lwekhebula elidlulisela idatha ngama-pulse okukhanya. Lakhiwe umucu owodwa noma ngaphezulu wezintambo zeglasi noma zepulasitiki ezivalelwe esikhumbeni esivikelayo. Lezi zintambo zincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile zizungeze ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu.

Umgomo ongemuva kwekhebula le-optical usekelwe ekudlulisweni kwezibonakaliso zokukhanya ngezintambo. Izibonakaliso zokukhanya zithunyelwa phansi ngentambo ngokugxuma ezindongeni zezintambo, kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-total internal reflection. Lokhu kuvumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe amabanga amade ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, ngokulahlekelwa okuncane noma ukuphazamiseka.

Izintambo ze-optical zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo. Zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezintambo zethusi zendabuko, kufaka phakathi i-bandwidth ephezulu, ukuthembeka okukhulu, kanye nokungavikeleki ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ze-optical zisetshenziswa nasekuthathweni kwezithombe zezokwelapha, ekubonweni kwezimboni, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene lapho ukudluliswa kwezibonakaliso zokukhanya kunenzuzo.

Izintambo ze-optical zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yekhono lazo lokudlulisa idatha emabangeni amade ngesivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa noma ukuphazamiseka okuncane. Ezinye zezindlela ezivamile zokusebenzisa izintambo ze-optical zifaka:

Ezokuxhumana: Izintambo ezibonakalayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo ukuze kudluliselwe izimpawu zocingo, idatha ye-inthanethi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. Zakha umgogodla wengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo emabangeni amade.

Ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo emakhaya, emabhizinisini, nasezikhungweni zedatha. Zinikeza isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokuxhumeka okuthembekile uma kuqhathaniswa nengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi yendabuko esekelwe ethusi.

Ithelevishini Yekhebula: Izintambo ze-optical zisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi ethelevishini yekhebula ukudlulisa amasignali evidiyo nomsindo anencazelo ephezulu emakhaya ababhalisile. Ubuchwepheshe be-fibre optic buvumela ukulethwa kweziteshi eziningi ezinekhwalithi ephezulu yokwamukela.

Izikhungo Zedatha: Izintambo ezibonakalayo zibalulekile ekuxhumeni amaseva, amadivayisi okugcina, kanye nemishini yokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha. Zivumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokusebenza kahle phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesikhungo sedatha, zisekela izidingo ze-bandwidth ephezulu yezindawo zesimanje zokubala.

Izithombe Zezokwelapha: Izintambo ze-fibre optic zisetshenziswa kumadivayisi okuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha njenge-endoscopes kanye ne-laser yezokwelapha. Zivumela ukudluliselwa kwezibonakaliso zokukhanya ngezinjongo zokuthwebula izithombe, okuvumela izinqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu kanye nokuthwebula izithombe okunekhwalithi ephezulu.

Izicelo Zezimboni: Izintambo ze-optical zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukuzwa kude, ukubona komshini, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni. Zihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuthembekile ezindaweni ezinzima futhi zingamelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Ezempi kanye Nezindiza: Izintambo ze-fibre optic zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zempi nezezindiza zokuxhumana, ukuzwa, kanye nokudlulisa idatha. Zinikeza izixazululo zokuxhumana ezilula neziphephile zezindiza, izindiza zasemkhathini kanye nezimoto zempi.

Sekukonke, izintambo ze-optical zidlala indima ebalulekile engqalasizinda yesimanje yokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha kuzo zonke izimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.