He pai rawa te muka aratau kotahi mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti nā te iti o tōna diameter matua, tata ki te 0.000354 inihi. Nā te iti o te whakaroa horapa, he mea tino pai mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matatau me ngā whakawhiti raraunga tere-teitei.

He nui ake te diameter matua o te muka maha-aratau, arā, .002-.0025 inihi. Nā tēnei hoahoa i pai ai mō ngā tono tawhiti-poto, pērā i ngā whatunga rohe me ngā pokapū raraunga, ahakoa tōna horapa nui ake.

Ko te painga o te muka aratau kotahi he tata kore mutunga te whānui o te hononga i ngā tawhiti roa. He herenga tawhiti me te whānui hoki o te hononga i ngā herenga o te muka aratau maha, inā koa ka tukuna he tere raraunga teitei.

Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake pēnei i ngā whakaritenga tono, te tawhiti, ngā hiahia whānui, me ngā here tahua.

Ahakoa he nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga mō te muka aratau kotahi, ka nui ake te tauine me te penapena utu mō te whakawhānui i te whatunga mō te wā roa. Kāore he mea miharo he pai ake te utu o te muka aratau maha i te wā poto, ā, he tere ake hoki te whakatinana.

Ko te whakatau i ngā pānga ki te taiao me waiho hei kaupapa matua hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o ngā pūnaha muka whatu. Heoi anō, ko te kaha ki te whakawhanui me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ahumahi ā muri ake nei ka whakamana i te pai o te mahi me te roa o te ora.

He rerekē te rahi o te matua, te mahi me ngā whakamahinga o ngā muka aratau kotahi me ngā muka aratau maha. He angiangi ake te matua o te muka aratau kotahi, tata ki te 8-10 maikorona te whānui. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka taea e ia te tuku mārama atu ki raro i te muka, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te tohu e ngaro ana.

Nā tēnei āhuatanga ahurei i whakamahia ai mō ngā tono tawhiti me te whānui-rahi. He whānui ake te diameter o te matua o te muka maha-aratau, tata ki te 50-62.5 maikorona. Mā tēnei hoahoa ahurei ka taea e ia te kawe i ngā ara mārama maha, ā, nā tōna rahi iti ka tino pai mō ngā tawhiti poto pēnei i ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whare tari.

Ko te whakatau i waenga i ngā mea e rua e ahu mai ana i te tawhiti, te tahua, me te tere whānui e hiahiatia ana mō te whatunga. Mā te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga o te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha ka taea e te tangata te whiriwhiri tika mō ā rātou hiahia whatunga. Mā tēnei māramatanga ka puta te mahi pai rawa atu me te penapena utu i roto i ngā taiao katoa.

 

Muka Aratau Kotahi me te Muka Aratau Maha

He mea nui ake te hangarau muka whatu i ēnei rā i mua, ā, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha mō ngā whatunga hou katoa. He rerekē te hanganga me te whakahaere o ngā aratau e rua, he mea hanga mō ngā tono rerekē i runga i ngā hiahia tawhiti me te whānui o te whānui. He mea nui te mōhio ki ēnei rerekētanga matua me te pānga pea ki tō whatunga mō te whakamahere whatunga tino pai.

1. Tautuhia te muka aratau kotahi

He iti te diameter matua o te muka aratau kotahi, tata ki te 9 maikorona (µm), e whakaiti ana i te marara o te tohu. Ka tautokohia e tēnei hoahoa te tuku mārama i ngā roangaru o te 1310 nanometa (nm) me te 1550 nm, e taea ai te whakaiti i te ngaronga i ngā tawhiti roa.

He mea nui te muka aratau kotahi mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero nā tōna kaha ki te kawe raraunga puta noa i ngā whatunga tereina, urunga, me ngā whatunga tawhiti. Mā tōna whakawhirinaki ki ngā taiaho totoka ka tino kounga te tohu me te whai huatanga puta noa i ngā awhe whānui, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te taumira teitei, pērā i te rere ataata 4K me te 8K.

2. Tautuhia te muka aratau maha

He nui ake i te 10 ngā wā te whānui o te muka maha-aratau—50 µm te nuinga—e āhei ana ki te maha o ngā ara mārama. Nā tēnei āhuatanga i tino pai ai mō ngā whakamahinga poto.

He mahi tino pai tēnei i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whatunga rohe (LAN), kei raro iho i te 1,000 putu te tawhiti o ngā hononga. Ko ngā pūtake mārama noa e mahi ana te maha-aratau, e mahi katoa ana i te 850 nm, ko ngā rama-whakaputa mārama, ko ngā VCSEL rānei.

He whai hua tonu mō ngā tawhiti tae atu ki te 1,969 putu. Nā te nui o te horapa o te momo raraunga, ka whakawhāitihia te whānui o te hononga me te mārama o te tohu i ngā tawhiti roa.

3. Ngā Rerekētanga o te Tuku Mārama i Whakamāramahia

Ka tukuna tika ake te mārama e te muka aratau kotahi i roto i te ara kotahi, i te aratau kotahi rānei. Nā tēnei hoahoa ahurei ka hua ake he pono o te tohu, ā, ka taea ai te whānui o te hononga, ahakoa i tawhiti rawa.

Nā te maha o ngā ara mārama, ka nui ake te horapa o te muka maha-aratau, ka heke te whai huatanga i te pikinga o te tawhiti. Mā ēnei rerekētanga ka whakanuia te uara o te whiriwhiri muka i runga i ngā whakaritenga mahi me ngā taipitopito tono.

Ngā Āheinga Whānui me te Tawhiti

He mea nui te mōhio ki te whānui me te tawhiti o ngā muka aratau-kotahi me ngā muka aratau-maha. Ko te mārama ki tēnei hei kaupapa matua ā-motu te mea nui ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga whānui pakari. Kua hangaia ia momo muka mō tētahi whakamahinga motuhake, ā, ka rerekē rawa te mahi i runga i te āhua o te whakamahinga.

Kei raro nei he ripanga whakatairite hei whakaahua i ō rātou rerekētanga matua:

Ngā Herenga Tawhiti Aratau Maha

Ko te muka maha-aratau te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mō te tuku whānui-rahi i ngā tawhiti poto. Nā te whānui o te matua (mai i te 50 ki te 62.5 μm) ka taea e ngā momo mārama te horapa i te wā kotahi.

Ko te horapa o ngā pāorooro mārama — te horapa o ngā pāorooro mārama — ka whakatakoto i tētahi rohe tawhiti mahi mō te tuku. He pai te mahi a ngā taura OM1 i ngā tawhiti o te 100 putu (33 mita) iti iho rānei i ēnei tere. Hei whakataurite, ka taea e ngā taura OM4 te toro atu ki te 1,312 putu (400 mita) whakamiharo.

Ko te muka maha-aratau te whiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whatunga o te puni. Kāore e ranea ana mō ngā hononga roa ake pērā i ngā hononga i waenga i ngā tāone nui.

Aratau Takitahi mō ngā Tawhiti Roa

He iti ake te matua o te muka aratau kotahi, 8–10 μm noa iho. Mā tēnei hoahoa motuhake ka taea te tuku mārama aratau kotahi, ka whakaitihia te mararatanga, ā, ka iti noa te ngaronga tohu, ka kore rānei e ngaro.

He tino pai te āhua o ōna āheinga tawhiti i roto i ngā tono tawhiti, e mahi ana i ngā tawhiti neke atu i te 24.85 maero (40 km) me te hangarau whakatikatika-marara. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā taura raro moana, me ngā hanganga tauine nui nā te mea he pai te mahi me te penapena utu i runga i ngā kōwhiringa maha-aratau.

Ngā Whakatairitenga Whānuitanga o te Pūnaha Whakawhitiwhiti

He whānui ngā whakaritenga mō te whānui o te hononga me te tawhiti, ā, he rerekē i runga i te taiao. He kōwhiringa poto noa iho te muka aratau maha, engari he pai te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā ataata taumira teitei (4K/8K), te ataata e hiahia ana ki te whānui o te hononga me ngā whakaritenga ā muri ake nei.

Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo kōwhiringa tika mai i te tīmatanga ka nui ake te tauine me te mahi.

Te Pānga o te Tawhiti ki te Kounga Tohu

I te mea ka taea e te whakaiti me te marara te whakaiti i te tohu, me āta whakamahere tawhiti kia kore ai e pāngia e ēnei pānga. Ko te whakanui ake i te mahi i ngā tawhiti atu me whakamahi i ngā whakakaha, i ngā hangarau whakahaere marara rānei.

Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore

He pai, he ngoikoretanga hoki ō te muka aratau kotahi, me te muka aratau maha. He mea nui te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei otinga hei whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu mō ō whakamahinga ahurei. Hei mahi i tēnā, i raro nei, ka whakamāramahia e au ia momo hei whakaatu i ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga o te ao tūturu.

Ngā Painga o te muka Aratau Kotahi

He tino pai te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā tono tawhiti, ina he mea nui te horapa o te momo. Kāore e pāngia e te pokanoa hikohiko, ā, e tautoko ana i te 100 gigabits o te whānui o te raraunga me te tawhiti tuku e tae atu ana ki te 62 maero me te kore e whakahoutia.

Nā tēnei he tino pai mō te taura i raro i te moana, te hono rānei i ngā pokapū raraunga kei ngā rau maero te tawhiti. Nā tōna āhua rerekē ka tino māmā te whakatinanatanga o ngā whakapainga me te kore e hiahiatia te tango i ngā hanganga o nāianei, he āhuatanga matua e ārai ana i te heke mai.

Ko te muka aratau kotahi te poutokomanawa o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou katoa, pērā i ngā whatunga 5G. He kōwhiringa tino pai tonu tēnei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia e piki haere ana.

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te muka aratau kotahi

He nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga mō te muka aratau kotahi, ko te tikanga he 1.5 ki te 5 ngā wā o te utu o ngā transceiver aratau maha. Me tino tika te tāutanga nā te mea he iti ake te rahi o te matua, ko te tikanga he 8 ki te 10 maikorona, me ngā taputapu motuhake me ngā tohunga hangarau kua whakangungua.

He mea whakamiharo mō ngā tawhiti roa. Heoi, mō ngā hononga poto, he pai ake te whakamahi i te muka maha-aratau hei kōwhiringa ohanga.

Ngā Painga o te Muka Aratau Maha

Ka whakaitihia ngā utu tāutanga me ngā utu mahi mā te rahi matua nui ake o te muka maha-aratau, arā, 50 maikoroni te nuinga, ā, ka māmā ake te tāuta. Nā tēnei ka pai rawa atu tā rātou otinga mō ngā tono whakamutunga.

He tino whai hua ngā awhe tae atu ki te 1,640 putu, he pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā LAN rānei, e whakarato ana i te taupoki kaha ahakoa ngā arai. Ka taea e ia te rere i ngā rerenga mārama maha, ka taea ai te whakawhiti raraunga tere me te auau.

Ka tino whai hua tēnei taumata ngāwari mō ngā umanga nunui e hiahia ana ki te wā tere rawa atu hei whakamahi mā te kaiwhakamahi.

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te muka maha-aratau

He nui ake ngā tawhiti me ngā herenga whānui o te muka maha-aratau. Kāore i te tino pai mō ngā tono tere-nui i runga i te tawhiti roa nā te mea he nui ake te horapa o te momo me te ngaronga tohu.

Nā te kore e taea te whakarite mō ngā rā kei te heke mai, kāore i te pai te urutau ki ngā hiahia whatunga e rerekē haere ana.

Ngā Whakamahinga Whai Hua

Hei karo i te whakapoauau, me matapaki tātou i ngā tono muka aratau kotahi me te aratau maha. Mā taua māramatanga ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu mō ō hiahia whatunga ahurei. Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei āhuatanga ahurei ka taea ai e rātou te whakamahi i roto i ngā momo taiao me ngā tono.

Ngā Whakamahinga Aratau Kotahi

Nā reira, ko te muka aratau kotahi te otinga matua i roto i ngā horopaki tawhiti me te whānui-aho teitei. Nā tōna kaha ki te tuku raraunga i ngā tawhiti tae atu ki te 62 maero me te kore e whakahou i te tohu, he mea tino pai mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti, pērā i te hono i ngā tāone, i ngā whenua rānei mā roto i ngā taura raro moana.

He nui te whakawhirinaki o ngā kamupene waea, ngā ratonga kapua me te ipurangi tauine nui ki te muka aratau kotahi. Ko te tikanga o tēnei hangarau, kua whakauruhia ki roto i tā rātou waka, ka oati rātou ki te whakawhiti raraunga tere-teitei, kore-aukati ki ā rātou kiritaki.

Tuatoru, ko te matua iti 9-micron me ngā pūtake mārama taiaho motuhake ki te roanga ngaru ka whakaiti i te pokanoa me te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga. He pai te hoahoa nei mō ngā tono tino nui, pērā i ngā pokapū raraunga mamao, i ngā hononga LAN rānei puta noa i ngā tawhiti whenua whānui.

Ngā Whakamahinga Aratau Maha

Nā tēnei ka waiho te muka maha-aratau hei tūāpapa pai mō ngā tono poto-whānui, tae atu ki ngā LAN hinonga me ngā pokapū raraunga. Mā te rahi matua hou, nui ake, mai i te 50 ki te 62.5 maikoromita, ka taea te tuku raraunga tere ake.

Ka honoa ki ngā pūtake kanapa nui ake, pērā i ngā rama LED e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ēnei rā, ka whai hua te taraiwa i ngā rerenga mārama maha. Ko te muka maha-aratau te mea e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā whatunga iti ake, arā, ko ngā tawhiti he iti iho i te 1,000 putu te nuinga.

Ka whai hua ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hauora, te hokohoko, me te mātauranga i te iti o te utu me tōna kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā hononga poto-tere, me te kore e whakararu i te mahi.

Te Kōwhiri mō ngā Pokapū Raraunga

I roto i ngā tono pokapū raraunga, ko te whānui me te tawhiti ngā whakaritenga matua. Anō nei, ko te muka aratau maha te kōwhiringa atamai mō ngā hononga tawhiti-poto, e whakarato ana i te ngāwari me te tauine mō ngā whatunga hou.

Ahakoa he iti ngā utu tīmatanga o te muka aratau kotahi, ka taea e ia te penapena nui i te hiko me ngā utu whakamatao mō te wā roa i roto i ngā whare nunui.

Te Kōwhiri mō ngā Whatunga Hinonga

Kei raro tonu i te pēhanga ngā whatunga hinonga kia nui ake te whai huatanga o te utu, te mahi tonu me te tere o te tauine. He pai te mahi a te muka maha-aratau mō ngā hiahia poto, engari he pai ake te aratau kotahi mō te tipu me te haumarutanga mō te wā roa.

Tātari Utu

Ahakoa kei te whakataurite koe i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha, kei te paunatia rānei ētahi atu kōwhiringa, ko te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga utu te mea nui hei whakatau whai whakaaro. He rerekē ngā inenga utu o ia momo muka e pā ana ki ngā utu whakapaipai o mua me ngā utu whakahaere tonu.

He mea nui kia paunatia ēnei utu ki ngā hiahia o tō kaupapa kia taea ai te penapena moni nui rawa atu mō te wā roa.

Whakataurite Utu Taura

He nui ngā penapena a ngā taura muka aratau kotahi mō ngā whakatinanatanga nui. He iti ake te utu mō ia wae roa, ā, he pai ake mō te haere i ngā tawhiti roa.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te whatunga 1G i hangaia me te muka aratau kotahi te whakanui ake ki te 10G, neke atu rānei, ka taea ai te penapena tata ki te 50% i ngā utu muka ā muri ake nei. Mō ēnei hononga poto ake, ko te muka aratau maha te whiringa pai rawa atu.

He mea tēnei e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga mō ngā oma neke atu i te 500 mita (tata ki te 1,800 putu).

Ngā Whakaaro mō te Utu o te Kaiwhakawhiti

Ko ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti te mea nui rawa atu e pā ana ki ngā utu pūnaha. Hei tauira, he iti ake te utu o ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti maha-aratau, pērā i ngā kōwae e hangai ana ki te VCSEL, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ngā taputapu rarangi.

Ahakoa rā, ahakoa he nui ake te utu o ngā tuku whakawhiti aratau kotahi, he nui ake te kaha ki te whakawhanui me te mahi mō ngā tono tawhiti. Ko tēnei tauwhitiwhiti te pūtake kotahi mō te whiriwhiri muka.

Ko tētahi tauira motuhake ko te whakaritenga kia whakamahia e ngā hononga 10G ngā muka aratau maha OM3, OM4 rānei, e tāpiri ana i te 35% ki ngā utu o te taputapu whakawhiti.

Ngā Whakapaunga Tāutanga me te Whakamutu

He rerekē rawa ngā utu tāutanga i runga i te muka e whakamahia ana. Nā te iti o te matua o ngā muka aratau kotahi, me tino tika ngā whakamutu, engari mā ēnei ka māmā ake ngā whirihoranga tawhiti.

Ko ngā muka aratau maha, he māmā ake te mutu, he iti ake hoki te utu i te aratau kotahi, he pai rawa atu ēnei ina he mea nui te māmā me te poto ake o te oma—i roto i ngā pūnaha hinonga.

Ngā Pānga Utu mō te Wā Roa

Mā te iti o ngā utu tiaki me te whakapai ake me ngā whatunga tauine ka pai ake te muka aratau kotahi, inā koa ina hangaia he pūnaha whānui hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga o te heke mai.

Ka nui ake te ōhanga o te muka maha-aratau mō ngā tono tawhiti-poto, inā koa ngā whakatinanatanga hinonga i roto i te 600 mita.

Te Kōwhiri i te Muka Tika

Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha he whakaaro hangarau kore e pā ana ki te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere me ngā āhuatanga hangarau. Ko te tikanga o te whiriwhiri tika ko te whakamahi i te mahi kua tino pai, te whai hua o te utu, me te whakarite i te hanganga whatunga mō te heke mai.

Aromatawai i ngā Hiahiatanga o te Whānuitanga

He mea nui te mārama ki ngā whakaritenga o tō whānui o te raraunga. Tīmata mā te aromatawai i ngā tono tuku raraunga o ō tono. Hei tauira, ko ngā mahi e nui ana te whānui o te raraunga pērā i ngā pokapū raraunga, i te rere ataata 4K rānei, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he muka kaha teitei.

Ko te muka aratau kotahi, me tōna diameter matua iti ake o te 8-10 maikorona, ka tautoko i ngā tono whānui-rahi puta noa i ngā tawhiti roa, me te mahi whai hua i ngā roangaru 1310nm me te 1550nm.

He pai te mahi a te muka maha-aratau, me tōna matua nui ake 50-micron, ki ngā tawhiti poto, ā, e mahi ana i te 850nm. Ko tōna whānui whānui mōrahi ka eke ki te 28,000MHz*km me te muka OM5, ā, kāore i te pai mō te tipu roa o te whānui whānui.

Whakaarohia ngā Whakaritenga Tawhiti

Ko te tawhiti te mea nui hei whakaaroaro mā te whiriwhiri i te muka tika. He pai te muka aratau kotahi mō ngā whakaurunga tawhiti pērā i ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga e hono ana i ngā pakihi me ngā kāinga, ehara i te mea ko te kore noa o te horapa tohu.

Ki te whakataurite, nā te kaha ake o te whakaiti tohu o te muka aratau maha, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā tawhiti roa. Hei tauira, he pai te aratau maha i roto i ngā taiao whatunga whare tari, i ngā taiao whatunga o te puni rānei, ina nui ake te āwangawanga mō te aro ki te utu me te hiahia mō ngā tawhiti poto.

Arotakehia ngā Here o te Tahua

He nui te pānga o ngā whakaaro tahua ki te kōwhiringa muka. Ahakoa he iti ake te utu o mua mō ngā muka maha-aratau me ngā whakawhiti raraunga, he otinga mō te wā roa, mō ngā whatunga e whānui haere ana te aratau kotahi.

Ko te kaha ake o te tauine o te aratau kotahi ka taea te whakamana i te utu nui ake, inā koa he 1.5x ki te 5x te utu nui ake o ngā whakawhiti i ō rātou hoa aratau maha.

Mahere mō te Tauine

Me ārahi ngā hiahia ā meake nei ki ngā whakataunga o nāianei. Ko ngā whatunga muka aratau kotahi hei whakamana i te heke mai me ngā kaha whānui me ngā tawhiti kua piki ake—he atamai mō ngā hanganga katoa e whakawhanakehia ana, e hiahiatia ana rānei.

Ahakoa he mea noa te aratau maha, he herenga tauine anō ōna i runga i te tawhiti me te whānui o te whānui e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Wero i roto i te Tuku Tere-Tiketike

Ahakoa he mea nui te tuku muka whatu tere-tiketike mō ngā whatunga o ēnei rā, he maha ngā wero kei reira ka pā ki tōna mahi tino pai.

Te Mararatanga me te Whakaiti

Ko te marara me te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga nui e rua e pā ana ki te kounga o te tohu me te mahi a te whatunga. Ahakoa te whakamahi i te muka aratau kotahi, te muka aratau maha rānei, he mea nui te mārama me te whakaiti i ēnei wero kia pai ake ai te mahi a te pūnaha.

Te Marara i roto i te Muka Aratau Maha

Ka puta te mararatanga aratau i roto i te muka maha-aratau ina horapa ngā momo mārama rerekē i ngā tere rerekē. Nā te nui ake o te matua 50-micron tēnei. Ka horapa te tohu, ka kore e tino mārama i ngā tawhiti roa.

He pai te mahi a te muka maha-aratau mō ngā hononga tawhiti poto, whānui-rahi, nō reira he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga. Heoi, ka whakawhāitihia e te mararatanga aratau tōna whai huatanga ki tua atu i ētahi rau mita. He tino whai hua ngā muka kua whakarōpūtia-tohu ki te whakaiti i ngā whakaroa aratau.

I taua wā anō, ka whakapai ake ngā taiaho tuku-mata poutū (VCSEL) i te ōritetanga o te tohu, ka tukuna he paparanga tiaki anō ki ēnei pānga. Ka hoahoahia e ngā whatunga whatunga ngā whatunga me te tawhiti me te whānui o te whānui e hiahiatia ana mai i te tīmatanga, ka whakarite kia pai ake te mahi.

Te Whakaiti i te Muka Aratau Kotahi

Nā te iti o te matua 9-micron, ka ngoikore te muka aratau kotahi nā te pikinga, te poke, me te ngoikore. Ina whakahaerehia i ngā roangaru pēnei i te 1310nm, 1550nm rānei, ka taea te tuku i te tawhiti roa, te whānui-rahi, me te iti rawa o te ngaronga tohu.

Ka tino whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā pūorooro utu nui e te iti o te whakaitiiti o te Multimode, ka tino pai ake ai ngā tawhiti roa o ngā maero maha. Ko te whiriwhiri i te muka aratau kotahi kounga teitei me te whai i ngā tikanga tāutanga pai ko ētahi o ngā huarahi nui hei whakapai ake i te pono o te whatunga me te pono o te tohu.

Te wikitoria i ngā wero tuku

He mea nui ngā hongere roangaru e piri ana te tawhiti hei whakanui ake i te kaha. Ka taea e ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) te whakanui ake i te kaha muka aratau kotahi mā te piri te tawhiti i ngā hongere roangaru.

Mā te tiaki tika, ngā whakapainga e aro ana ki tētahi kaupapa motuhake, me ngā āhuatanga whakapai ake pērā i ngā mīhini honohono tino tika ka āwhina i te pūnaha kia noho tonu ki te taumata tiketike o tana mahi.

Te Pānga o te Whakahekenga Tohu

Ahakoa he whakaheke tere nā ngā tohu pēnei i te marara, te whakaiti rānei, ka pā ēnei āhuatanga ki te tere me te pono. He mea nui te aroturuki matatau.

Mā ngā taputapu pēnei i te ine whakaata rohe-wā whatu (OTDR) ka ārai i ngā raruraru kei puta, kei kino haere rānei i mua i te kore e taea te whakahaere, te utu nui rānei.

Te Tauine me ngā Whakapai Ake i te Whatunga

Mā te tauine ka taea e tō hanganga te urutau ki ngā kaiwhakamahi maha atu, ki ngā taputapu, me te piki haere o te waka, me te kore e nui te hanga hou. He mea nui ngā taura muka whatu, inā koa ngā momo aratau kotahi me te aratau maha, ki te whakatau i te whai huatanga o te whakawhānui me te whakapai ake i ngā whatunga.

Te Whakatūpato i tō Whatunga mō te Ao Whānui

Ka tīmata te whakarite i ngā mea kei te heke mai mā te mārama ki ngā momo muka e pai ana mō ngā moemoeā roa a tō hapori. He 9-micron te matua o te muka aratau-kotahi, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā roangaru 1310 nm, 1550 nm rānei. He hoahoa e aro ana ki te tika me te whānuitanga, he mea tino pai mō ngā whatunga e hiahia ana kia tauinehia.

He nui ake ngā utu hanga me ngā utu whakawhiti, engari kāore e mutu. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā tuku tawhiti korekore me te whānui o te whānui, koinei te hangarau tino pai hei otinga ā-mua. Mā te whakamahere mō ngā whanaketanga hangarau ā-mua, tae atu ki te hekenga ki te 5G me te IoT, ka āwhina i te whiriwhiri muka.

Hei tauira, te nui o te whakawhirinaki o te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere waea ki te muka aratau-kotahi, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia raraunga me ngā whakaritenga tawhiti ā-muri.

Te Whakamahere mō te Tipu o te Whānuitanga

Ka tere te tipu o te tono whānui i roto i ngā rāngai pēnei i te hauora, e hiahiatia ana he tere raraunga teitei mō te rongoā tawhiti me te whakaahua, i roto rānei i te mātauranga me ngā tūāpapa ako ipurangi. Ka tutuki i te muka aratau-kotahi ēnei tono mā te whakarato i te ngaronga tohu iti rawa atu i ngā tawhiti tino tawhiti.

Mā te whakanui ake i ngā tere raraunga ki ngā tere raraunga teitei ake—tae atu ki te awhe terabit—ka mau tonu te kaha o ngā whatunga i tēnei wā e horapa haere ana ngā whakaeke. Mā te whakatau i te tono ā muri ake nei i te wā e whakamaheretia ana he kaupapa, ka ārai i te whānui utu nui me ētahi atu whakahoutanga ā muri ake nei.

Te Whakapai Ake i te Hanganga Muka

Me arotake ngā āheinga o nāianei me ngā whāinga ā muri ake nei mō ngā whakapainga. Hei whakaiti i te whakararuraru ki te iti rawa e taea ana, he mea nui te whakatinanatanga ā-wāhanga.

Hei tauira, he huarahi mohio te whakawhiti muka aratau-maha ki te muka aratau-kotahi i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga hei whakanui ake i te mahi me te whakarite kia noho matatau ki ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei.

Te Whakarerekē ki ngā Hangarau Hou

Mā te whai mōhio ki ngā auahatanga hou o te muka ka whakanui ake i te pai me te kaha. Mā te mātauranga tonu ka āwhina i ngā whatunga ki te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou tae atu ki te whakarea wehewehenga roangaru kia nui ake ai te tauine.

Whakamutunga

Mā te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te muka aratau-kotahi me te muka aratau-maha, ka pai ake tō whakarite ki te whakatau whakaaro nui ake mō ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e tō whatunga. Ko te muka aratau-kotahi te mea tino whai hua mō te hononga i ngā tawhiti roa me ngā hononga tere-teitei, kaha-nui, engari ko te muka aratau-maha he pai ake mō ngā tawhiti poto me ngā taiao e aro nui ana ki te tahua. He painga motuhake tō ia momo. Tīpakohia te momo e tino tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ahurei o tō kaupapa - mai i te tahua, ki te tauine, ki ngā whāinga mahi.

Mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi o ngā kōwhiringa e rua ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā whakautu pono, rite hoki mō ngā whatunga o ēnei rā. Mā te whiriwhiri i te mea tika ka taea e koe te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakahoutanga utu nui a muri ake nei. Te whakahaere i tētahi pokapū raraunga umanga, te whakahou i tētahi whatunga puni umanga, te tāuta rānei i ngā hanganga hei whakauru i ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi hou? He hanganga kounga teitei. Ka taea e te muka tika te pā nui ki ia o ēnei āhuatanga—i roto i te huarahi pai! Hei whakatutuki i ngā putanga tino pai, whiriwhiria kia rite ki tāu e whai ana kia tutuki me te rahi o tō whatunga.

 

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha?

Ko te rerekētanga nui ko te rahi o te matua. He iti ake te matua o te muka aratau-kotahi (tata ki te 8-10 maikorona), e āhei ai te aratau mārama kotahi, engari he nui ake te matua o te muka aratau-maha (50-62.5 maikorona) mō ngā aratau mārama maha. Ka pā nui tēnei ki te tawhiti me te whānui o te hononga.

Ko tēhea momo muka te mea pai mō te tuku tawhiti?

He pai ake te whakamahi i te muka aratau kotahi mō te tuku tawhiti. Kāore he ngaronga tohu o tēnei hangarau, ā, ka taea te whakawhānui ake i te whānui o te hononga i ngā tawhiti tawhiti. Koinei katoa te take he pai mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā pokapū raraunga.

He iti ake te utu o te muka aratau maha i te muka aratau kotahi?

He mea nui te momo muka Ae, he iti ake te utu o te muka maha-aratau. He iti ake te utu o ngā taura me ngā taputapu e pā ana, tae atu ki ngā transceiver, i ngā pūnaha aratau-kotahi. Nā tēnei he kōwhiringa pai ake te utu mō ngā oma poto.

He aha ngā whakamahinga noa mō te muka aratau-kotahi?

Ko te muka aratau-kotahi tonu te hangarau e pai ana mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti me ngā whatunga rohe nui. He tino pai mō ngā tono whānui-rahi pērā i ngā tuara ipurangi me ngā pokapū raraunga nui.

Ka taea e te muka maha-aratau te tautoko i ngā tere 10Gbps?

Ae, ka taea e te muka aratau maha te tautoko i ngā tere 10Gbps, engari mō ngā tawhiti poto anake, tae atu ki te 1,000 putu me ngā taura aratau maha OM3, OM4 rānei.

Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i waenga i te muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha mō taku whatunga?

Whakaarohia te tawhiti me ngā whakaritenga whānui o tō whatunga. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai te aratau kotahi mō ngā hiahia tawhiti, whānui rānei, engari he pai te aratau maha mō ngā hononga poto ake, iti ake te utu, pērā i roto i te whare, i te puni rānei.

He pai ake ngā muka aratau-kotahi mō te tauine?

Ae, ehara i te mea miharo ko ngā muka aratau-kotahi te mea pai rawa atu mō te tauine. Nā te kaha ki te whakahaere i te whānui o te hononga me ngā tawhiti roa ake, he mea tino pai mō ngā whakahoutanga whatunga a meake nei me ngā tono tuku tere-tiketike hou.