I tēnei ao matihiko, he mea nui te hononga. Ko te poutokomanawa o tēnei hononga he wāhanga e warewarehia ana: ko te taura Ethernet.

Ko ngā taura Ethernet ngā pou ora o ā tātou whatunga rohe (LAN). Ka hono ēnei i ā tātou taputapu, ka taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakawhiti raraunga.

Engari he aha rawa te taura Ethernet?

Ka rukuhia e tēnei aratohu te ao o ngā taura Ethernet. Ka tūhuratia e tātou ō rātou hanganga, ngā momo, me ngā kāwai, me te whanaketanga o aua taura i roto i te wā.

Ka matapakihia hoki e mātou tā rātou mahi ki te mahi a te whatunga. Mai i te whānui o te raraunga me te tere o te raraunga ki te ārai taura me ngā paerewa, ka hipokina katoatia e mātou.

Ahakoa he tangata hangarau koe, he tohunga IT, he kaiwhakamahi kāinga rānei e whakatū whatunga ana, māu tēnei aratohu.

Hono mai ki a mātou i a mātou e wetewete ana i ngā āhuatanga uaua o ngā taura Ethernet, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whai whakaaro mō ō hiahia whatunga.

He aha te taura Ethernet?

He wāhanga nui ngā taura Ethernet o te whatunga rorohiko. He rite ēnei ki te arai ā-tinana mō te hono i ngā taputapu i roto i te whatunga.

Ko ngā taura Ethernet te nuinga o te wā e hono ana i ngā rorohiko, ngā pouara, me ngā pana i roto i tētahi whatunga rohe (LAN). Mā tēnei ka taea te whakawhiti raraunga tere me te pono.

Ko te tikanga he waea parahi ēnei taura. Kei roto i ngā koti tiaki hei whakarite i te pono o te tohu i te wā e tukuna ana.

Kua horapa haere ngā taura Ethernet i ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi. Nā te hoahoa o ēnei taura ka taea te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua i ngā tawhiti poto ki waenga.

Ko ngā mahi matua o ngā taura Ethernet ko:

• Te whakahohe i te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga i waenga i ngā pūrere
• Te tautoko i ngā hononga ipurangi tere-teitei
• Te whakahaere i ngā taputapu whatunga

I roto i ngā tau, kua whanake haere ngā taura Ethernet me ngā whanaketanga hangarau. Nā tēnei whanaketanga kua piki ake te tere me te mahi.

I te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui ngā taura Ethernet mō te pupuri i ngā whatunga pakari. Ko tā rātou mahi he pupuri i te hononga o tō tātou ao matihiko me te mahi pai.

Te Whanaketanga o ngā Taura Ethernet

Kua tino whanake haere ngā taura Ethernet mai i tōna tīmatanga. I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia i te tekau tau atu i 1970, i hangaia a Ethernet hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā hononga whatunga rohe (LAN).

I tīmata te haerenga me ngā taura coaxial he iti noa ngā tere me ngā āheinga. I roto i te wā, ka whakakapia ēnei e ngā taura takirua-whiri, he maha ake ngā whakamahinga, ā, ka pai ake te hononga me te pono.

I ēnei rā, kua neke atu tātou ki ngā kāwai pēnei i te Cat5, Cat6, me tua atu. He tere ake, he whānui ake te whānui, he pakari ake hoki ia putanga. E whakaata ana tēnei whanaketanga i te hiahia tonu mō te ipurangi tere ake me ngā āheinga whakawhiti raraunga kua whakarei ake.

Nō reira, kua urutau tonu ngā taura Ethernet ki ngā hiahia o te hangarau hou. He mea nui tonu tā rātou tautoko i te ao matihiko e whānui haere tonu ana. I te putanga mai o ngā hangarau o muri mai, e tūmanakohia ana ka whanake tonu ngā taura Ethernet, kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia whatunga hou.

Te Hanganga Taura Ethernet me te Hiranga o te Takirua Miro

He mea hanga ngā taura Ethernet i ngā takirua waea parahi miro. Ko tēnei hanganga ahurei te mea nui o tō rātou hoahoa. Ka miro ia takirua waea tetahi ki tetahi hei whakakore i te pokanoa.

Mā te takai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko mai i ngā pūtake o waho. Mā tēnei ka pumau, ka pono hoki te tuku raraunga. Ko ēnei taura he maha ngā takirua waea takai kei roto i tētahi koti tiaki.

E rua ngā momo matua o ngā taura takirua miro: Ko te Takirua Miro Kore-Pare (UTP) me te Takirua Miro Pare (STP). Ko te rerekētanga matua kei roto i tō rātou ārai mai i te pokanoa. He mea noa ake ngā UTP, ā, he rawaka mō te nuinga o ngā whatunga kāinga me te tari.

He nui te whai wāhi o tēnei kōwhiringa hoahoa ki te whakaiti i te hekenga o te tohu i ngā tawhiti roa. He mea nui te hanganga āta o ēnei takirua miro ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakawhiti raraunga tere-teitei. Ko te mutunga mai he whakapai ake i te mahi whatunga, he mea nui mō te hononga maeneene.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te hanganga takirua miro te tūāpapa o te hangarau taura Ethernet. He painga mahi tōna ki te whakaiti i te pokanoa me te pupuri i te pono o te tohu.

Ngā Kāwai me ngā Momo Taura Ethernet

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā taura Ethernet i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga mahi. He rerekē ngā taumata tere, whānui, me te ārai i ngā momo kāwai rerekē. Ka taea e te whiriwhiri i te kāwai tika te pā nui ki te pai o te whatunga.

Kei roto i ngā kāwai te Cat5 ki te Cat8 hou rawa atu. I te pikinga ake o te tau o te kāwai, ka piki ake anō hoki te tere me te whānui o te raraunga. He maha ngā wā ka tautokohia e ngā kāwai teitei ake ngā tere raraunga tere ake me ngā tono uaua ake.

Anei te wehewehenga o ngā momo taura Ethernet noa:

• Cat5 me Cat5eTe tere taketake me te pono mō ngā hiahia o ia rā.
• Kāwai 6 me Kāwai 6aNgā tere whakarei ake me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero iti iho, he mea tino pai mō ngā whatunga gigabit.
• Cat7 me Cat8Ngā hiahia mahi-teitei, he mea tino pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga.

He mea nui ngā taura Ethernet mō ngā whakaritenga whatunga katoa. Ka pāngia te rere o ngā raraunga me te mahi whānui o te whatunga e ō rātou kaha. He rerekē ngā taiao e whakamahia ana e ia kāwai, mai i ngā tari iti ki ngā pokapū raraunga nui.

Ko te whiriwhiri i te kāwai tika me mārama ki ngā whakaritenga whatunga motuhake. Ko ngā mea hei whakaaroaro ko te rahi o te whatunga, te tere o te taputapu, me ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei. He mea nui kia taurite te utu me te mahi.

Ko te tikanga, mā te mārama ki ēnei kāwai ka āwhina i te hanga i tētahi whatunga pakari. Mā te whiriwhiri tika ka pai ake te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te whakaroa. Mā te noho mōhio, ka taea e koe te whakarite kia mahi tō whatunga i te taumata tino pai.

Kāwai 5 (Kāwai 5) me te Kāwai 5e (Kāwai 5e)

Ko ngā taura Cat5 te paerewa mō ngā tau maha. Ka tautokohia e rātou ngā tere tae atu ki te 100 Mbps, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi ipurangi taketake. Heoi, kāore pea e pai mō ngā tono o ēnei rā.

I puta ake a Cat5e hei putanga whakapai ake. Ka tautoko i ngā tere gigabit me te whakaiti i te pokanoa. Mō ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi iti, he whiringa pono tonu a Cat5e. He otinga utu-whai hua tēnei kāwai, engari kāore e tino whakaiti i te mahi.

Kāwai 6 (Kāwai 6) me te Kāwai 6a (Kāwai 6a)

He pai ake te putanga o ngā taura Cat6 i te Cat5e. Ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i ngā tere tae atu ki te 10 Gigabit i ngā tawhiti poto. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā hononga tere-nui i roto i ngā tari me ngā pakihi.

Ka whakanui ake a Cat6a i tēnei āheinga. Ka tautokohia e ia te 10 Gigabit mō ngā tawhiti roa me te whakaiti i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā rūma tūmau me ngā hiahia raraunga taumaha. Ka tautoko a Cat6a i ngā whatunga whānui mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.

Kāwai 7 (Kāwai 7) me te Kāwai 8 (Kāwai 8)

Ka whakanuia ake te mahi a ngā taura Cat7. Mā ngā takirua ārai, ka whakaitihia ake te pokanoa. Ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā tere tae atu ki te 10 Gigabit, ā, kua hangaia mō ngā taiao whatunga tere-tiketike.

Ko te Cat8 te tihi o te hangarau Ethernet. Ka tautoko i ngā tere tae atu ki te 25, tae atu rānei ki te 40 Gigabit i ngā roanga poto. He tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā pou tuara whatunga. Ko te Cat8 te pito matatau o te kaha Ethernet.

Te Mārama ki ngā Hononga RJ45

He mea nui ngā hononga RJ45 i roto i ngā taura Ethernet. Koinei ngā hononga paerewa e whakamahia ana mō ngā taura whatunga. E waru ngā pine o ia RJ45 e hono ana ki ngā waea o te taura. Mā tēnei ka pono te tuku raraunga me te hononga. Ko te hoahoa o te hononga e aro ana ki te pupuri i te hononga hiko pumau.

Ka uru pai te hononga RJ45 ki roto i te tauranga Ethernet. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka whakaitihia te ngaronga tohu pea. He mea whakamahi whānuitia, ā, he mea nui ki ngā tatūnga whatunga. Mā tēnei whānuitanga ka taea e te RJ45 te hono pai i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā rorohiko, ngā pouara, me ngā pana. Nā tōna pakari me tōna whai huatanga ka waiho hei mea matua mō te whatunga. I te whanaketanga o ngā tono whatunga, ka noho tonu te RJ45 hei whiringa pono mō ngā hononga tere-teitei.

Parepare: Ngā Taura UTP me ngā Taura STP

E rua ngā momo parepare matua o ngā taura Ethernet: UTP me STP. Ko te UTP he whakarāpopototanga mō te Unshielded Twisted Pair. Kāore he pareparenga tāpiri o ēnei taura. Ka whakawhirinaki rātou ki ngā takirua miro hei whakaiti i te pokanoa. He iti ake te utu o ngā taura UTP, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga kāinga.

Ka tāpirihia e te STP, arā, he Parenga Twisted Ārai, he paparanga parenga anō. Ka tiaki tēnei parenga tāpiri i te pokanoa hikohiko. Nā tēnei ka pai ngā taura STP mō ngā taiao ahumahi. He pai ake ngā taura STP mō ngā taiao he nui ngā mīhini taumaha, he haruru hiko rānei.

Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i te UTP me te STP kei runga i te tautuhinga. He pai te mahi a te UTP mō ngā wāhi iti te pokanoa. He pai ake te STP mō ngā taiao nui te pokanoa. He rerekē ngā mahi a ia momo, nō reira whakaarohia ngā hiahia motuhake o tō whatunga. Whakaarohia hoki ngā utu me ngā wero tāutanga e pā ana ki ngā taura STP.

Ngā Paerewa TIA/EIA me ngā Roa Taura

He mea nui ngā paerewa i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura Ethernet. Mā ngā paerewa TIA/EIA ka whakarite i te hototahitanga me te mahi. Ka whakatakotohia he aratohu mō ngā mea katoa mai i te waea ki ngā rauemi. Ka āwhina ēnei paerewa ki te pupuri i te pono o te whatunga. He mea nui te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te whatunga pono.

Ka aro hoki ngā paerewa TIA/EIA ki ngā roa o ngā taura. Ka taea e ngā taura roa te whakararu i te tohu. I te nuinga o te wā, kaua ngā taura Ethernet e neke ake i te 100 mita. Ka pupuri tēnei rohe i te tere raraunga, ā, ka whakaiti i te whakaroa. I ētahi wā ka taea e ngā taura poto te whakapai ake i te mahi.

Mā te mārama ki ēnei paerewa ka āwhina i te whakamahere whatunga. Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā taura i roto i te roa tika te mea nui. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia pai te whakahaere me te whai hua o tō whatunga. Mā te piri ki ēnei aratohu ka ārai i ngā raruraru hononga pea. Me tirotiro tonu kei te tutuki ō taura i ngā paerewa TIA/EIA mō te wheako whatunga pai rawa atu.

Ngā Taura Pātaki me ngā Taura Whakawhiti: Ngā Take Whakamahi

He mea noa ngā taura papaki mō te hono i ngā taputapu ki te hanganga whatunga. I te nuinga o te wā ka honoa ngā rorohiko ki ngā pana whatunga, ki ngā pouara rānei. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei taura, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā tari me ngā whare.

He kaupapa motuhake tā ngā taura whakawhiti. Ka hono tika ēnei i ngā taputapu ōrite, pērā i ngā rorohiko e rua. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te whakawhiti i ngā waea tuku me ngā waea whiwhi, kia māmā ake ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika.

He mea nui te mārama ki te wā e whakamahia ai ia momo taura. Ko ngā taura whakapiri hei hono atu ki te whatunga, ko ngā taura whakawhiti ia hei hono tika i ngā taputapu. Mā te whiriwhiri i te taura tika ka pai te tuku raraunga me te mahi tino pai.

Ngā Taura Whakatauranga-Prenum vs. Ngā Taura PVC

He mea nui ngā rauemi i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura Ethernet. Ko ngā taura kua whakatauria e te plenum he mea hanga mō ngā wāhi e rere ana te hau. Ka tutuki i a rātou ngā paerewa haumaru ahi tino pakari, ā, ka iti ake te paoa e tukuna ana mēnā ka tahuna.

He mea noa ake ngā taura PVC, ā, he iti te utu. He pai mō ngā tāutanga paerewa engari kāore e rite te ātete ahi ki ngā kōwhiringa kua whakaritea mō te whare. Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ēnei ka whakawhirinaki ki te taiao tāutanga me ngā hiahia haumaru. Kōwhiria ngā taura whare i roto i ngā wāhi whakahaere hau pērā i ngā tuanui, ā, whiriwhiria te PVC mō ngā tāutanga noa, he iti te utu. Kia mau tonu te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture hanga ā-rohe.

Te Whānuitanga me te Tere Raraunga: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe?

He mea nui te whānui o te hononga me te tere o ngā raraunga ki te mahi a te whatunga. Ko te whānui o te hononga e pā ana ki te kaha whakawhiti raraunga mōrahi o te whatunga. Ka inehia i roto i ngā megabits ia hekona (Mbps) me ngā gigabits ia hekona (Gbps).

Ko ngā kāwai taura Ethernet te mea e whakatau ana i te kaha o te whānui raraunga. Ko ngā taura kāwai teitei ake, pērā i te Cat6, Cat8 rānei, ka tautoko i ngā tere raraunga tere ake. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko ngā tango tere ake me ngā wheako rerema maeneene ake. Hei tauira, ka tukuna e ngā taura Cat5e te 1 Gbps, ko te Cat6a ia ka taea te whakahaere i te 10 Gbps.

Ka pā te whiriwhiri i te taura Ethernet tika ki te whai huatanga o tō whatunga. Me whakarite kia rite tō taura ki ō āheinga tere ipurangi. I te pikinga ake o ngā tere ipurangi me ngā tono raraunga, whakaarohia ngā taura kāwai teitei ake. Mā te haumi ki te whānui-rahi pai ake i tēnei rā ka taea e koe te whakaora i a koe mai i ngā whakapainga a meake nei, ā, ka noho pai tonu te haere o tō whatunga.

Te Whakamārama mō te Mana i runga i te Ethernet (PoE)

Mā te mana i runga i te Ipurangi (PoE) ka taea te haere o te hiko me ngā raraunga mā te taura Ipurangi kotahi. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tāutanga o ngā taputapu mā te whakakore i te hiahia mō ngā taura hiko motuhake. He tino whai hua te PoE mō ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā kāmera IP, ngā pūwāhi urunga ahokore, me ngā waea VoIP kei reira he iti noa ngā putanga hiko.

He rerekē ngā taumata mana o te hangarau PoE, mai i te 15 watts ki te neke atu i te 90 watts. Ko te whiriwhiri i te pana tika, i te werohanga rānei e āhei ana ki te PoE, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiahia mana o tō pūrere. Mā te whakamahi i te PoE ka māmā ake te whakamahere taura me te hiko, ka pai ake te mahi me te ma o ngā whatunga.

Ngā Tohutohu mō te Whakahaere Taura me te Tāutanga

He mea nui te whakahaere taura tika hei pupuri i tētahi whatunga whai hua, pono hoki. Mā ngā taura kua whakaritea ka whakaiti i te raruraru, ā, ka māmā ake te rapu raruraru. Mā te whakamahi i ngā paepae taura, ngā here, me ngā tapanga ka noho ma, ka taea hoki te tautuhi i ngā taura.

I te wā e whakamahere ana i tētahi tāutanga, whakaarohia te roa me te momo taura e hiahiatia ana mō tō tāutanga. Mā te pupuri i ngā taura i roto i ngā roa kua tūtohutia ka ārai i te ngaronga o te tohu, ā, ka mau tonu te mahi a te whatunga. Me whakarite kia tāutahia ngā taura kia matara atu i ngā pūtake pea o te pokanoa, pērā i ngā raina hiko me ngā rama kanapa.

Āta tirohia ngā piko koi me ngā whāititanga o ngā taura, nā te mea ka kino pea ngā waea, ka heke hoki te mahi. Āta tirohia ngā taura kia pai ai te rere, me te whai i te whānui o te piko o te taura. Tirohia tonutia ō taura, kia mau tonu hoki te hauora o te whatunga, kia kore ai hoki e puta he raruraru ohorere.

Te Whakapai i tō Whatunga mō ngā Taura Ethernet

Mā te haumi ki ngā taura Ethernet tika i tēnei rā ka taea te whakarite i tō whatunga mō ngā hiahia o āpōpō. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taura kāwai teitei ake, pērā i te Cat6a, te Cat8 rānei, ka whakanui ake i te whānui o te hononga me te tere, kia rite ai mō ngā whakapainga ā muri ake nei. Ka tautokohia e ēnei taura ngā tere raraunga teitei ake, kia pai ai mō ngā hangarau hou.

Whakaarohia te tipu pea o ngā taputapu hono i roto i tō whatunga. Mā te maha atu o ngā taputapu ka nui ake te rere o ngā raraunga, ka hiahiatia he hanganga pakari. Ka taea e te whatunga kua whakaritea mō te heke mai te whakauru i te pikinga o ngā waka me te kore e whakararu i te mahi, i te pumau rānei.

Mā te whakamahere mō te tauine ka taea e tō whatunga te urutau ki ngā hiahia e whanake haere ana. Arotakehia te tahora o tō whatunga mō te ngāwari me ngā whai wāhitanga whakawhānui. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taura kounga me te ara whai hua, ka noho tere, ka whai hua hoki tō hanganga mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.

Whakamutunga: Te Kōwhiri Tika mō tō Whatunga

Ko te whiriwhiri i te taura Ethernet tika me mārama ki ngā hiahia o tō whatunga o nāianei me ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei. Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā whakaritenga tere, te tahora, me ngā whakawhānui pea. Mā te whiriwhiri i te kāwai tika, ka whakarite koe i te mahi me te pono.

Kia mōhio tonu koe ki ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā paerewa o te whatunga. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga koe e āwhina ki te whakatau whai whakaaro, ā, kia pai ai te mahi a tō whatunga. He mahi whakaaro nui te haumi ki ngā taura Ethernet kounga teitei hei tautoko i te tipu me te ngāwari o tō whatunga.