Nandika incamake y'insinga za fiber optique zishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye. Reka dutangire dusobanukirwa neza icyo insinga za fiber optique zishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye ari cyo. Uko nibuka, ni insinga zagenewe gushyingurwa mu butaka nta muyoboro w'amazi ukenewe. Ibyo bituma kuyishyiraho vuba kandi bihendutse, sibyo?

Ubwa mbere, ngomba gusenya ibice by'ingenzi. Imiterere y'insinga igomba kuba itandukanye n'insinga zisanzwe za fiber optique. Birashoboka ko zifite ibice bimwe na bimwe birinda. Reka ntekereze: hari fibre optique ubwayo, hanyuma wenda agapira gakingira, ibice by'imbaraga nk'ubwato bwa aramid, hanyuma ubwoko bw'ikoti ryo hanze rikomeye. Yego, ndetse wenda n'ibikoresho bibuza amazi kubera ko biri munsi y'ubutaka kandi bishobora guhura n'ubushuhe.

Ubwoko bw'insinga zo gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye - Ndatekereza ko hari ibyiciro bitandukanye bishingiye ku mubare w'insinga, wenda uburyo bumwe cyangwa uburyo bwinshi. Nanone, zimwe zishobora kuba zifite intwaro zo kurinda by'inyongera. Insinga zo gutwikira zishobora gukoresha icyuma cyangwa ikindi kintu kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'imbeba cyangwa amabuye.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho - bigomba gupfunyika uburebure bungana iki? Ndatekereza ko bifite santimetero 24 kugeza 48, bitewe n'aho biherereye n'amakode yo mu gace. Gukoresha imashini icukura imiyoboro, gushyira insinga, hanyuma bakazishyira inyuma. Ahari bakeneye kaseti yo kuburira hejuru y'insinga kugira ngo bamenyeshe umuntu wese ucukurayo nyuma. Gupima nyuma yo gushyiraho nabyo ni ingenzi, nko gukoresha OTDR kugira ngo urebe niba hari igihombo cyangwa ibyangiritse.

Ibyiza kuruta ubundi buryo: kudakenera imiyoboro y'amazi bizigama igihe n'amafaranga. Yagenewe kwihanganira imimerere mibi yo munsi y'ubutaka. Ariko hari n'ibibi, nko kwangirika guturuka ku gucukura cyangwa imashini ziremereye iyo zitarashyizweho ikimenyetso gikwiye. Nanone, bishobora guhenda cyane ugereranije n'insinga zisanzwe, ariko bihendutse mu gihe kirekire kubera ko nta kiguzi cy'imiyoboro y'amazi gikoreshwa.

Porogaramu zirimo itumanaho, interineti, uturere tw’icyaro, igisirikare, imiyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga, na sisitemu za CCTV. Inama ku bijyanye no kubungabunga: kugenzura buri gihe, kugenzura niba ibimenyetso byabuze, no kugira inyandiko nyayo zerekana aho insinga zishyizwe.

Amabwiriza n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko - hagomba kubaho amahame ngenderwaho nk'ay'inganda nka NEC muri Amerika, cyangwa amahame mpuzamahanga ya ITU-T. Amategeko agenga aho umuntu aherereye yerekeye ubujyakuzimu bw'imva n'ibimenyetso by'umutekano.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho: amazi yinjira iyo insinga idafunze neza, kwangirika kw'imbeba iyo idafunze neza, ndetse n'imihangayiko iterwa no kugenda k'ubutaka. Ibisubizo birimo gukoresha insinga zuzuyemo gel cyangwa izifite ibyuma, uburebure bukwiye, ndetse wenda no gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi ahantu hashobora guteza akaga kanini nubwo byaba ari ugushyingura mu buryo butaziguye.

Tegereza, ariko umukoresha yavuze "gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye" by'umwihariko, bityo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi bishobora kuvuguruza ibyo. Wenda rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no mu nsinga zo gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye, mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi, kongeramo umuyoboro ni ukwitonda cyane. Cyangwa wenda ubwoko bw'icyuma gikingira kirahagije.

Ngomba kwemeza ko izi ngingo zose zikubiye muri iyi nyandiko. Reka nzishyire mu byiciro: Incamake, Ibiranga by'ingenzi, Ubwoko, Gushyiramo, Ibyiza, Ibibi, Porogaramu, Kubungabunga, Amahame, Ibibazo Bisanzwe, Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa.

Tegereza, imiterere y'ibanze umukoresha yatanze yari ifite ibice nka Ibiranga by'ingenzi, Ubwoko bw'Insinga za Fiber Optic zo Gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye, Uburyo bwo kuzishyira mu bikorwa, Ibyiza ugereranije n'ibibi, Porogaramu, Kuzibungabunga no Kuramba, Amahame n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko, Ibibazo Bisanzwe n'Ibisubizo, Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa.

Nagakwiye gukurikiza iyo miterere. Reka nongere ndebe buri gice cyose niba cyuzuye.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Uburinzi bw'intwaro, kwirinda amazi, kuramba, imbaraga, kurwanya imbeba. Hari icyo nabuze? Wenda kurwanya imirasire y'izuba niba igice cy'insinga cyagaragaye, ariko kubera ko cyatwikiriwe, wenda si ngombwa. Ariko ibikoresho byo hanze bigomba kuba birwanya imiti iri mu butaka.

Ubwoko: Uburyo bumwe cyangwa uburyo bwinshi, intwaro cyangwa ibitari intwaro, umuyoboro urekuye cyangwa umugozi ukomeye, insinga z'umugozi. Wenda sobanura buri bwoko muri make.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho: Intambwe nko gutegura inzira, gukata imiyoboro y'amazi, gushyira insinga, kuzuza inyuma, kaseti yo kuburira, gupima. Ibipimo by'ubujyakuzimu, ubwoko bw'ubutaka, kwirinda ibikoresho bisanzwe bihari. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye nk'imashini zisuka cyangwa imiyoboro y'amazi.

Ibyiza ugereranije n'ibibi: Ese ihendutse, ishyirwaho vuba, iramba ugereranyije n'ishobora kwangirika iyo idashyizweho neza, ikiguzi cya mbere kiri hejuru? Wenda ugereranije n'insinga zo mu kirere. Nanone, ni ikibazo cyo gusana kuko iri munsi y'ubutaka.

Porogaramu: Ikoranabuhanga, interineti, icyaro, igisirikare, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, umutekano.

Gusana: Igenzura rihoraho ntirishoboka iyo rimaze gupfundikirwa, bityo wenda rigakurikiranwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma. Gutahura ibura ry'ikimenyetso, ukoresheje OTDR. Inyandiko zigaragaza aho giherereye.

Amahame ngenderwaho: NEC Ingingo ya 770, IEEE, ITU-T, code zaho.

Ibibazo Bisanzwe: Amazi yinjira, kwangiza imbeba, kugenda kw'ubutaka, gucukura ku buryo butunguranye.

Ibisubizo: Insinga zuzuyemo gel, zifite ubwikorezi, uburebure bukwiye, kaseti yo kuburira, inyandiko.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa: Ubujyakuzimu? Ubusanzwe ni santimetero 24-48. Hari umuyoboro w'amazi ukenewe? Oya, ariko ni ngombwa mu bice bishobora guteza akaga. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho bya gisirikare n'ibidakoreshwa mu bikoresho bya gisirikare. Ni gute wasana? Shakisha aho ikibazo kiri, gucukura, gupfunyika. Igihe cy'ubuzima? Imyaka 20-25.

Tegereza, mu gisubizo cya mbere, umukoresha yashyizemo ati "Ese insinga zo gushyingura zishobora gukoreshwa hejuru y'ubutaka?" kandi igisubizo nticyatanzwe kubera kutagira uburinzi bwa UV. Iyo ni ingingo nziza. Nubwo ari izo gushyingura, kuzikoresha hejuru y'ubutaka bishobora gusaba amakoti adakingira UV.

Ngomba kwemeza ko izi ngingo zose zikubiye muri iyo koti. Nanone, wenda vuga ibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri iyo koti, nka polyethylene mu rwego rwo kwirinda ubushuhe no kurwanya imiti. Ingufu zishobora kuba fiberglass cyangwa icyuma kugira ngo zikomere.

Ikindi kintu: Iyo uvuga ku bijyanye no gushyiraho, ushobora kuvuga akamaro ko kwirinda kugorama gukomeye, gukomeza kugorama gake kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'imigozi.

Mu gice cy’amahame ngenderwaho, wenda hashobora kuba hari amategeko yihariye ya NEC yerekeye ubujyakuzimu bw’imva n’ibisabwa mu kurinda.

Ku bijyanye no gupima, vuga OTDR n'isuzuma ry'ibihombo byo mu isanduku.

Mu bibazo bikunze kubaho, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rigira ingaruka ku nsinga? Cyangwa ubujyakuzimu bw'aho bashyingura buhagije kugira ngo bugabanuke? Wenda mu turere dukonje cyane, ubukonje bukabije bushobora kuba ikibazo, bigasaba ko bashyingura cyane.

Nanone, mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara, ushobora gushyiramo niba insinga zo gushyingura zishobora gufatirwa mu buryo butaziguye, hamwe n'uko hakenewe ahantu hadafatwa amazi mu gihe hafatirwa mu butaka.

Ndatekereza ko ibyo bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi. Noneho, shyira ibi bitekerezo byose mu bice byuzuye nk'uko igisubizo cya mbere kibivuga, urebe neza ko buri gice gisobanutse neza kandi cyuzuye.