Nanditse igitabo cyuzuye ku birebana n'udusanduku two guhagarika fibre. Agasanduku ko guhagarika fibre, cyangwa FTB, gakoreshwa mu miyoboro ya fibre optique kugira ngo gahagarike insinga no gutanga umurongo. Ariko sinzi neza ibisobanuro byose. Reka mbitekerezeho intambwe ku yindi.

Ubwa mbere, ngomba gusobanura icyo Agasanduku ko Guhagarika Fibre ni. Wenda tangira ukoresheje ibisobanuro by'ibanze. Hanyuma, wenda usobanure intego yabyo. Kuki ari ingenzi mu miyoboro ya fibre optique? Birashoboka ko irinda imiyoboro kandi ikemerera kuyihuza no kuyihuza. Ariko ngomba kubyumva neza.

Hanyuma, ibice by'ingenzi. Udusanduku two gushyiramo udusanduku, adaptateri, imiyoboro, aho kwinjira mu nsinga, wenda agasanduku ko gushyiramo udusanduku. Udusanduku two gushyiramo udusanduku dufata udusanduku, sibyo? Adaptateri zaba izo guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiyoboro. Imiyoboro nka SC, LC, ST... Nagombye kubishyira ku rutonde. Imiyoboro niho insinga zinjira mu gasanduku. Imiyoboro yo gushyiramo udusanduku two gushyiraho.

Ubwoko bw'udusanduku two guhagarika fibre. Hashobora kuba hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'udusanduku. Wenda hashingiwe ku hantu dushyirwa: imbere cyangwa hanze. Utwo hanze tugomba kuba twirindwa n'ikirere. Ubushobozi: umubare w'udusanduku dushobora gukoresha, nka 12, 24, 48. Igishushanyo: gishyizwe ku rukuta, gishyizwe ku gisenge, desktop. Wenda kandi bitandukanye hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'udusanduku dushyigikira. Bikenewe gukwirakwizwa muri ubwo bwoko bwose.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho. Intambwe zikenewe mu gushyiraho udusanduku two guhagarika fibre. Ubwa mbere, gutegura aho uzashyira. Hanyuma, gutegura insinga, kuzikuraho, gushyira insinga mu dusanduku tw'udupira. Gutunganya insinga, gufata insinga, kugerageza aho zihurira. Wenda vuga ibikoresho bikenewe, nka strippers, splicers, ibikoresho byo gupima.

Porogaramu. Ni hehe hakoreshwa udusanduku two guhagarika fibre? Imiyoboro ya telefoni, amashami y'amakuru, amashami y'ibigo, CATV, imiterere y'inganda. Buri porogaramu ishobora kugira ibisabwa bitandukanye. Urugero, amashami y'amakuru akeneye ubucucike bwinshi, uturere tw'inganda tugakenera udusanduku duto.

Ibyiza. Kurinda ibidukikije, gahunda, kwaguka, no koroshya kubungabunga. Wenda nanone vuga ku buryo bworohereza ikiguzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'insinga.

Inama ku bijyanye no kubungabunga. Gusuzuma buri gihe, gusukura imiyoboro, kwandika neza, kwandika inyandiko, kuvugurura iyo bibaye ngombwa. Ibi bifasha mu kubungabunga imikorere no gukemura ibibazo.

Gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe. Gutakaza ikimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'imiyoboro yanduye cyangwa uduce duto. Kwangirika k'agasanduku cyangwa insinga. Ibibazo byo guhuza bishobora guterwa n'imiyoboro idahuye cyangwa gushyirwaho nabi. Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije nko kwinjira kw'amazi mu byuma byo hanze.

Guhitamo agasanduku gakwiye ko guhagarika fibre. Ibintu nk'ubushobozi, ibidukikije, ubwoko bw'umuhuza, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka, kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho. Bikenewe guhuza agasanduku n'ibyo umuyoboro ukeneye.

Umwanzuro. Vuga muri make akamaro k'udusanduku two guhagarika fibre mu gucunga neza imiyoboro ya fibre.

Tegereza, hari icyo nabuze? Wenda ihame ry'imikorere? Agasanduku gakora gute neza muri network? Nanone, wenda ushyiremo ibishushanyo cyangwa amashusho, ariko kubera ko ibi ari inyandiko gusa, wenda usobanure imiterere. Nanone, ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe cyo gushyiraho? Cyangwa kubahiriza amahame. Wenda uvuge amahame ya IEC cyangwa Telcordia.

Nkeneye kugenzura niba ibice byose bikubiye. Shyiraho udusanduku, adaptateri, imiyoboro, imiyoboro, n'aho gushyira.
Ubwoko: imbere/hanze, ubushobozi, igishushanyo mbonera.
Intambwe zo gushyiraho: gutegura, gutegura insinga, guhuza, gushyira ku murongo, kubika neza, kugerageza.
Porogaramu: itumanaho, ikigo cy'amakuru, nibindi. Ibyiza: kurinda, gutunganya, kwaguka.
Kubungabunga: gusuzuma, gusukura, gushyira ikimenyetso ku kirango. Gukemura ibibazo: gutakaza ikimenyetso, kwangirika, ibibazo byo guhuza.

Ndatekereza ko ibyo ari ibintu byuzuye. Wenda no kuvuga ku guhuza ibyuma cyangwa guhuza ibyuma? Cyangwa ibyo ni ibintu birambuye cyane? Wenda birimo gushyirwaho. Nanone, ubwoko bw'udusanduku two guhuza ibyuma - wenda dushobora kuba utwuma duhuza ibyuma cyangwa uduce duhuza ibyuma. Nanone, ubwoko butandukanye bw'aho insinga zinjira, nk'uturemangingo two hanze.

Ikindi kintu, itandukaniro riri hagati yo kurangiza no gukwirakwiza. Ese agasanduku ko kurangiza ni kimwe n'agasanduku ko gukwirakwiza? Wenda sobanura ibyo. Guhagarika ni ukureba aho ibintu bigarukira, gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byo gutandukanya. Ariko wenda mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikoreshwa kimwe. Aha hagomba kwitonda.

Nanone, ibijyanye no gucunga fibre mu gasanduku, nko kurinda radius yo kugonga, kubika ibintu mu buryo bworoshye. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikimenyetso cyangirika. Bityo rero mu gice cy'ibice, vuga ko agasanduku gacunga fibre yo kugonga kandi kakabika fibre irenze urugero.

Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, kugenzura ko umurambararo ukwiye w’impeta ukomeza kugaragara. Mu gihe cyo kuyisana, kugenzura niba hari impeta zikomeye.

Icyiciro cyo gupima: gukoresha OTDR cyangwa amashanyarazi kugira ngo urebe niba nta gihombo kirimo. Wenda vuga ibyo.

Ndatekereza ko mfite imiterere myiza. Noneho, shyiramo ibice bifite imitwe. Menya neza ko buri gice gikurikirana mu buryo bwumvikana. Tangira ukoresheje ibisobanuro n'intego, hanyuma ukoreshe ibice, ubwoko, gushyiraho, porogaramu, inyungu, kubungabunga, gukemura ibibazo, ibipimo byo guhitamo, umwanzuro.

Irinde imvugo ya tekiniki aho bishoboka, ariko zimwe ni ngombwa. Sobanura amagambo ahinnye nka FTTx (Fiber kuri x). Tegereza, muri porogaramu, telecom ikoresha FTTx, wenda wagura ibyo.

Nanone, mu bwoko bw'ibishushanyo, wenda wavuga dome cyangwa ubwoko bw'igorofa cyangwa ubwoko bw'igorofa bugenewe hanze? Cyangwa ibyo ni ibintu byihariye cyane. Wenda wakomeza ibyiciro by'ingenzi.

Reba niba hari ibitekerezo bitari byo. Urugero, Fiber Termination Box vs patch panel. Patch panel ni ubwoko bw'agasanduku ko guhagarika? Cyangwa bitandukanye. Wenda patch panel ikoreshwa mu bigo by'amakuru ku miyoboro myinshi, mu gihe FTB ikoreshwa cyane mu guhagarika field. Sobanura neza niba bibaye ngombwa, ariko wenda birenze ubushobozi.

Nibyo, ndatekereza ko mfite imiterere ikomeye. Noneho, andika buri gice neza, urebe neza ko ari ukuri. Menya neza ko usobanura amagambo, utange ingero, kandi ukomeze kubona ururimi. Irinde amakosa nko kuvanga imigozi imwe n'imigozi myinshi keretse niba ari ngombwa. Kubera ko ubuyobozi buvuga ku gasanduku ubwako, wenda si ngombwa kwibanda ku bwoko bwa migozi keretse bikagira ingaruka ku guhitamo FTB.

Suzuma intambwe zo gushyiraho kugira ngo urebe niba ari nziza. Tegura aho hantu ukurikije ibidukikije n'uburyo bwo kubigeraho. Tegura insinga ukuraho, uzisukure, uzishyiremo uduce duto. Koresha udusanduku two gushyiramo uduce duto, uzirike insinga zifite imigozi, uzifunge kugira ngo zijye hanze. Gerageza uburyo bwo kuzihuza ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye.

Porogaramu: mu itumanaho ryo guhuza abakiriya, mu bigo bitanga amakuru ajyanye n'ibikoresho, imiyoboro y'ibigo ikoreshwa mu nsinga z'imbere, CATV yo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso bya videwo, inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Ibyiza: uburinzi bw'umubiri, gushyiraho ibintu mu buryo buteguye neza, guhindurwa hakoreshejwe insinga nyinshi, koroshya kubungabunga hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ifite ibirango.

Kubungabunga: kugenzura niba hari ibyangiritse, gusukura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye, gushyiramo ikirango neza, guhindura inyandiko, kuvugurura igihe cyo kwagura.

Gukemura ibibazo: kugenzura imiyoboro, uduce duto, ibyangiritse ku mubiri, ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibidukikije.

Guhitamo: ubushobozi bwo guhuza, gutekereza ku nzu/inyuma, ubwoko bw'ibihuza bikenewe, kwagura mu gihe kizaza, kubahiriza amabwiriza nka IEC 61754 cyangwa Telcordia GR-771.

Yego, ibyo bisa nkaho bikubiyemo byose. Noneho, shyira byose hamwe mu buyobozi buhamye, ukoresheje imitwe isobanutse neza n'ibisobanuro bigufi. Menya neza ko buri gice gitanga amakuru kandi gisubiza ibibazo umusomyi ashobora kuba afite. Irinde gusubirwamo, menya neza ko habaho impinduka nziza hagati y'ibice. Reba amakosa yose ya tekiniki hanyuma uyakosore. Sawa, reka nshyireho igitabo cyose ubu.

Agasanduku ko Guhagarika Fiber: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

1. Agasanduku ko Guhagarika Fiber (FTB) ni iki?

AAgasanduku ko Guhagarika Fiber (FTB)ni igice cy'ingenzi mu miyoboro ya fiber optique igamije kurinda no gucunga imiyoboro n'aho imiyoboro ya fiber optique ihurira. Ikora nk'ahantu ho guhuza imiyoboro yinjiye ihurira, igahuzwa, kandi igakwirakwizwa ku miyoboro isohoka, bigatuma imiyoboro ihinduka neza kandi ikarangwa n'umutekano. FTB ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso no koroshya kubungabunga.

2. Ibice by'ingenzi

• Udusanduku tw'udupira: Bika neza uduce duto two guhuza cyangwa two gukurura ibintu kandi ubirinde kwangirika.

• Adaptateri/Ibihuza: Emera guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bwa fibre (urugero, SC, LC, ST).

• Ibyambu: Aho insinga zinjira/zisohokera, akenshi zifunze kugira ngo zirengere ibidukikije.

• Gucunga insinga: Ibiranga nk'ubuyobozi bwa radius bugenda n'ububiko bworoshye kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikimenyetso cyabura.

• Udukingirizo two Gushyiraho: Shyiramo ibikoresho ku nkuta, ku biti, cyangwa ku nkingi.

3. Ubwoko bw'udusanduku two guhagarika fibre

• Binyuze mu gushyiraho:

  • Imbere mu nzu: Nto, yoroheje, kandi yagenewe ibidukikije bigenzurwa.

  • Hanze: Irinda ikirere, irinda imirasire ya UV, kandi ikomeye mu bihe bikomeye.

• Ubushobozi: Ifite uburebure bw'imigozi kuva kuri 12 kugeza kuri 48, bitewe n'ibikenewe ku rusobe rw'imiyoboro.

• Binyuze ku gishushanyo: Imiterere ishyirwa ku rukuta, ishyirwa ku gisenge, cyangwa ikoreshwa ku bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa desktop.

4. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho

1. Gutegura: Hitamo ahantu ukurikije uburyo bwo kuhagera n'ibijyanye n'ibidukikije.

2. Gutegura insinga: Kuramo, sukura, kandi ucemo uduce tw'imigozi two gufunga.

3. Gushyiramo ibice: Koresha uburyo bwo guhuza cyangwa guhuza ibikoresho mu masahani.

4. Ikigo: Imigozi yo mu muhanda ifite umurambararo ukwiye kandi ifatanye n'imigozi.

5. Gufunga: Ku bikoresho byo hanze bya FTB, funga aho winjirira kugira ngo wirinde ko ubushuhe bwinjira.

6. Isuzuma: Emeza uburyo bwo guhuza hakoreshejwe OTDR cyangwa amashanyarazi.

5. Porogaramu

• Imiyoboro y'itumanaho: Gukoresha FTTx (Fiber-to-the-Home/Node).

• Ibigo by'amakuru: Imikoranire y'ubucucike buri hejuru hagati ya seriveri.

• Imiyoboro y'ibigoInsinga zubatswe neza zo mu biro.

• bimwe: Gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso kuri televiziyo ya cable.

• Inganda: Guhuza ibidukikije mu buryo bugoye (urugero, inganda).

6. Ibyiza

• Uburinzi: Irinda insinga kwangirika kw'umubiri n'ibidukikije.

• Ikigo: Yoroshya gukemura ibibazo ukoresheje pori zifite amazina.

• Gushobora kwaguka: Biroroshye kwaguka kugira ngo umuyoboro ukure mu gihe kizaza.

• Kunoza Ikiguzi: Bigabanya igihe cyo gukora akazi n'ikiguzi cyo gusana.

7. Inama ku bijyanye no kubungabunga

• Igenzura rihoraho: Reba niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa ibyangiritse ku bidukikije.

• Isuku y'ibihuza: Koresha udupira tudafite lint na isopropyl alcohol.

• Gushyira ibirango: Menya neza ko insinga n'ibyambu bizwi neza.

• Inyandiko: Kuvugurura inyandiko nyuma yo guhindura.

• Ivugurura: Simbuza ibice bishaje kugira ngo bishyigikire umuvuduko wo hejuru.

8. Gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe

• Igihombo cy'ikimenyetso: Ibihuza byanduye, uduce duto duto, cyangwa imigozi igoranye.

• Kwangirika k'umubiri: Genzura insinga n'ubuziranenge bw'agasanduku.

• Ibibazo byo Guhuza: Emeza ko connector ihuye (urugero, APC vs. UPC).

• Kwinjira mu mazi: Ongera ufunge FTB zo hanze niba habonetse ubushuhe.

9. Guhitamo FTB Ikwiye

• Ubushobozi: Huza umubare w'ibinyabutabire n'ibikenewe ubu n'ejo hazaza.

• Ibidukikije: Hitamo moderi zo mu nzu/zo hanze bitewe n'aho ziherereye.

• Ubwoko bw'amahuza: Kugenzura ko ibikorwa remezo bihuye n'ibikorwa remezo bihari (urugero, LC, SC).

• Iyubahirizwa ry'Amahame Ngenderwaho: Shaka ibyangombwa bya IEC, Telcordia, cyangwa ISO.

10. Umwanzuro

Udusanduku two guhagarika imiyoboro ya fibre ni ingenzi cyane mu gucunga neza imiyoboro ya fibre, bitanga uburinzi, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka, no koroshya kubungabunga. Mu guhitamo FTB ikwiye no gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kuyishyiraho no kuyitunganya, abakora imiyoboro bashobora kwemeza ko ikorana neza kandi rikora neza mu buryo butandukanye.

Iyi mfashanyigisho itanga incamake yuzuye ya FTBs, iha abakoresha ubushobozi bwo kunoza ibikorwa remezo byabo bya fiber optique neza.