I-terminal yomugqa we-optical (i-OLT) ingumthombo oyinhloko wenethiwekhi ye-optical engasebenzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuguqula, ukuxhumanisa, nokuphatha izimpawu ze-optical phakathi komhlinzeki wesevisi nabasebenzisi. I-OLT isebenza njengenhliziyo yenethiwekhi, iqondisa ithrafikhi futhi iqinisekisa ukulethwa okungenamthungo kwezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi, ithelevishini, kanye ne-telephony ngokuxhumeka kwe-fiber optic ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye namabhizinisi. Lawa mayunithi ahlala ehhovisi eliphakathi lomhlinzeki wesevisi futhi axhuma kubabhalisile abaningi nge-splitters kanye ne-ONU. Ngama-OLT, abahlinzeki bangaletha i-inthanethi esheshayo emiphakathini yonke enokuxhumana okuthembekile nokusheshayo. Emhlabeni wonke, amadolobha athembele kuma-OLT ukuqinisa izidingo ezikhulayo zezinsizakalo zedijithali. Kulabo abanesifiso sokwazi ukuthi i-inthanethi yabo ye-fiber isebenza kanjani, ukwazi ukuthi i-OLT iyini kucacisa okuningi mayelana nokwakheka kwenethiwekhi.

Ikhebula le-GYFTY Fiber Optic iwuhlobo lwekhebula langaphandle elenzelwe ukungabi nensimbi futhi ngaleyo ndlela liphephe ezindaweni lapho umbani noma izingozi zikagesi ziyingozi khona. Njengoba ingenalo ugesi, ihlala ilula kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside, ikwazi ukusinda esimweni sezulu esibi futhi imelane nokugqwala. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa ama-fiber optics e-gyfty ekufakweni kokungcwaba emoyeni noma ngokuqondile, njengoba ingadonsi umbani noma imelane nelanga, umoya, nemvula. Inhliziyo yayo yemicu yengilazi inikeza isivinini esivuthayo kanye nokuxhumeka kwedatha okuqinile emabangeni amade. Abanye bakhetha i-gyfty emigqeni yezokuxhumana, ezitimeleni, noma kumagridi kagesi lapho ukuphepha kubalulekile khona. Okunye kwalokhu okuthunyelwe kuxoxa ngomklamo wayo, indlela yokuyisebenzisa, nokuthi kungani ikhanya ezindaweni ezinzima.

Ifektri yekhebula le-fibre optic: imicu emincane yengilazi nepulasitiki, ehambisa idatha ngokukhanya. Ikhebula ngalinye liqala njenge-preform yengilazi, efudunyezwa futhi idonswe ibe yimicu emincane njengezinwele. Okulandelayo, imishini ifaka izembozo zokuvikela kumafayili bese izibopha zibe yizintambo ukuze ziqine futhi zibe lula. Izisebenzi zihlola ikhebula ngalinye ukuthola amaphutha amancane, ziqinisekisa ukuthi lihambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile. Isigaba ngasinye, kusukela ekubumbeni kuya ekuhlolweni kokulawula ikhwalithi, sinamathela ekugelezeni kwenqubo echaziwe okuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala ziqinile futhi zisebenza kahle. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zihlangana kanjani, kuyasiza ukuhlola isigaba ngasinye ohambweni oluvela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya kukhebula elivumela i-inthanethi esheshayo emhlabeni wonke.

I-GPON vs FTTH, kokubili i-GPON ne-FTTH zibhekisela ezindleleni zokuletha idatha ye-inthanethi emakhaya noma emabhizinisini, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. I-GPON isifinyezo se-Gigabit Passive Optical Network, edlulisela idatha ngezintambo ze-fiber optic ezinezixhumanisi ezabiwe. Nge-FTTH, noma i-Fiber eya Ekhaya, umugqa we-fiber optic ugijima ngqo kusuka kumhlinzeki kuze kube yikhaya ngalinye, unikeza isivinini esisheshayo nesithembekile. Ziqhathaniswa kaningi ngoba i-GPON ingaba eshibhile ngezinga elikhulu kumanethiwekhi amakhulu, kuyilapho i-FTTH inganikeza ulwazi olungcono kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Isinqumo phakathi kwazo sivame ukwehlela kulokho okubeka phambili—ukukwazi ukukhokhela, isivinini, noma ukuzinza. Izigaba ezilandelayo zichaza ukuthi indlela ngayinye isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo, kanye nabantu abafanelekile.

Izintambo ze-fiber patch ngezixhumi ze-SC, LC, FC, kanye ne-ST ezinhlotsheni ze-APC noma ze-UPC kanye nasezintanjeni ze-simplex noma ze-duplex zixhumanisa amadivayisi enethiwekhi ukuze kudluliswe idatha ngokushesha nangokuzinzile. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi lunesimo esithile kanye nokulingana, ngakho-ke i-SC ne-LC zivame kakhulu kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi, kuyilapho i-FC ne-ST zisebenza kahle emalabhorethri kanye nokucushwa kwefa. Izixhumi ze-APC zinciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali, kanti i-UPC inikeza ukupholisha okujwayelekile okuyisisekelo. Izintambo ze-Simplex zithumela idatha ngendlela eyodwa, kanti izintambo ze-duplex zithumela idatha yezindlela ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lezi zinketho zisiza ekuvumelaniseni izidingo zenethiwekhi, kungaba nge-broadband yokuhlala, ama-LAN ezinkampani, noma izikhungo ezinkulu zedatha. Sizohlela ingxenye enkulu yalesi sihloko ukuze sihlukanise lezi zinhlobo, sichaze ukuthi zifanela kuphi kangcono, futhi sinikeze isiqondiso sokukhetha ikhebula elifanele.

A ikhebula le-duct fiber optic uhlobo lwekhebula oluklanyelwe ukuhamba ngemibhobho noma imigudu eyakhiwe ngaphambilini, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa okusheshayo nokuphephile ezinhlelweni zenethiwekhi. Ikhebula liqukethe imicu eminingi yengilazi ngaphakathi kwalo edlulisa ulwazi njengokukhanya okuhamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi ngokubola okuncane kakhulu. Ikhebula le-fiber optic le-duct livame kakhulu kumanethiwekhi edolobha, ezakhiweni ezinkulu, nasezikhungweni zedatha njengoba livikela imicu ekulimaleni nasesimo sezulu. Litholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu, ngamajakethi angaphandle aqinile avikela emanzini nasekucindezelweni. Ngezintambo ze-duct fiber optic, abanikazi benethiwekhi banganweba ukufinyelela kwabo ngaphandle kokumba kabusha imigwaqo noma ukudabula phansi. Okulandelayo, thola ukuthi lezi zintambo zisebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi ezifanela izidingo ezahlukene.

Ikhebula le-Ethernet le-Cat6 iyikhebula lenethiwekhi elijwayelekile elikwazi ukusekela isivinini esiphezulu kanye namaza, elivame ukusetshenziswa emakhaya nasemahhovisi. Njengoba idumile ngekhono layo lokusekela isivinini esifinyelela ku-10 Gbps emabangeni amafushane, izintambo ze-Cat6 zinikeza umsele othembekile wokusakaza, ukudlala imidlalo, kanye nokudluliselwa kwamafayela amakhulu. Inezici eziguquguqukayo eziqinile kanye nokuvikela okuphezulu kunezandulelayo, okunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-crosstalk kanye nesignali. Abantu abaningi bakhetha izintambo ze-Cat6 zokufakwa kwenethiwekhi entsha njengoba zihambisana neningi lama-router, amaswishi, kanye namadivayisi anikwe amandla yi-RJ45. Kunoma ubani ofaka inethiwekhi entsha noma osanda kuvuselela endala, ukuqonda izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-Cat6 kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezihlakaniphile mayelana nemishini yenethiwekhi.

Intambo ye-fiber optic ehlomile uhlobo olukhethekile lwe ikhebula lefayibha Yakhiwe ngesendlalelo sensimbi esivikelayo esivikela imicu yengilazi ethambile ngaphakathi. Lesi sivikelo sensimbi sivikela ikhebula ezinkingeni, ukulunywa yizimpuku, noma ama-backhoe blades. Ngokuvamile, abantu basebenzisa ikhebula le-fiber optic elivikelwe ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezinamadwala noma lapho amathuba okulimala kwekhebula ephezulu khona. Ijakethi lensimbi linikeza amandla, kuyilapho umongo uqhubeka nokudlulisa idatha ngokushesha nangokulahlekelwa okuncane. Izintambo ezithile ezivikelwe zisebenza kahle ngaphansi komhlaba, kanti ezinye zingena ezindaweni ezisebenzayo zasemadolobheni lapho ukuvikelwa kubalulekile khona. Ngezinketho zemodi eyodwa neyodwa neyodwa, ikhebula le-fiber optic elivikelwe lihlangabezana nezidingo eziningi ezahlukene. Engxenyeni yesibili, thola ukuthi lezi zintambo zisiza kanjani ukugcina amanethiwekhi ephephile futhi ezinzile.