Ikhebula le-fibre optic seliyinsika yamanethiwekhi okuxhumana anamuhla, lisekela i-inthanethi esheshayo, ezokuxhumana, izikhungo zedatha, ingqalasizinda ye-5G, ukuzenzekela kwezimboni, kanye namadolobha ahlakaniphile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi zendabuko, izintambo ze-fibre optic zinikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu, ukulahleka kwesignali okuphansi, amabanga amade okudlulisela, kanye nokumelana okungcono nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.

Kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana asheshayo anamuhla, intambo yesichibi sefayibha isibe ngenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumanisa amadivayisi e-optical, imishini yenethiwekhi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa i-fiber. Kusukela ezikhungweni zedatha kanye namanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-FTTH (Fiber to the Home) kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zebhizinisi, izintambo ze-fiber patch zinikeza ukuxhumana kwe-optical okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle.

Ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-FTTH Fiber ekhaya, izikhungo zedatha ze-AI computing, i-5G fronthaul, izintambo ezibanzi zangaphakathi, ukuxhumana okuncane kwe-FPV drone kanye nokwakhiwa kokuvuselelwa kwamanje okubuthakathaka emhlabeni wonke, intambo yendabuko ye-G.652D single-mode ihlushwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokugoba kanye nesikhala esilinganiselwe socingo, okuvimbela kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana we-optical asheshayo. Yakhiwe yi-ITU-T, intambo ye-single-mode engazweli uchungechunge lwe-G.657 series bend-insensitive ithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile kumakhona amancane okujika, izintambo ezixinene kanye nezimo zepayipi elincane. Amabanga amathathu omkhiqizo ojwayelekile, intambo ejwayelekile engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.A1, intambo ethuthukisiwe engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.A2 kanye nentambo engazweli ukugoba ye-G.657.B3 ultra-bend, isebenzisa amaphrofayili enkomba yokubuyisa asekelwe emseleni ahlukene, futhi aveza umehluko olinganisiwe ku-radius encane yokugoba, ububanzi bensimu yemodi kanye nokusebenza kokunciphisa. Zihlanganisa izidingo zesimo esigcwele kusukela kuzintambo zasekhaya ezingabizi kakhulu kuya kuzintambo ezikhethekile eziqinile kakhulu.

Ukukhetha kwesokudla ikhebula le-fiber optic langaphandle elivikelwe kubalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi ye-optical ethembekile, ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-fiber yezokuxhumana, i-FTTH, izikhungo zedatha, izikhungo zezimboni, noma izinhlelo zokuphepha, ukukhetha ikhebula elingalungile kungaholela ekunakekelweni okubizayo, ukungasebenzi kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokwehluleka kwekhebula ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

A Ibhokisi Lokuqeda Ifayibha ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingasebenzi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana kwe-optical anamuhla. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni, ekuhleleni, nasekusabalaliseni izintambo ze-fiber optic, ikakhulukazi ku-FTTH (Fiber to the Home), i-FTTC, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nezinhlelo zomgogodla we-telecom.

I-optical fiber iyintambo encane, eguquguqukayo, futhi esobala eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ipulasitiki ehlanzekile kakhulu edlulisela idatha ngesimo sama-pulse okukhanya. Ngokungafani nezintambo zethusi zendabuko, ezisebenzisa izimpawu zikagesi, i-optical fiber isebenzisa ukukhanya, okuvame ukukhiqizwa ngama-laser noma ama-LED.

Abakhiqizi bezintambo ze-fiber optic abaphambili emhlabeni ngo-2026 baholwa yi Iqembu le-Prysmian (e-Italy), i-Corning Inc. (e-USA), i-Fujikura Ltd. (e-Japan), i-Sumitomo Electric (e-Japan), kanye ne-YOFC (e-China)Lezi zinkampani zibusa ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobuholi bazo ku- izinhlelo zekhebula zangaphansi kolwandle, amanethiwekhi e-FTTH, ingqalasizinda ye-5G, kanye nokuxhumeka kwesikhungo sedatha se-AI.

I-An ikhebula le-fiber optic langaphandle uhlobo lwekhebula le-optical fiber elenzelwe ukufakwa ezindaweni zangaphandle. Lakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezivikelayo eziqinile ezivikela imicu yengilazi ethambile ngaphakathi ekulimaleni kwemvelo nasekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba.

Njengoba ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kushesha kuzo zonke izimboni, izikhungo zedatha zibhekene nokukhula okungakaze kubonwe ngobuningi bethrafikhi, umthwalo wemisebenzi yokubala amafu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana ngesivinini esikhulu. Ingqalasizinda yendabuko yokuxhuma amakhebula iya ngokuya inselele ngesidingo se-bandwidth ephezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye nobuningi be-port obukhulu.

I-fiber ekhanyayo ikwazi ukudlulisa isignali ngokukhanya kwangaphakathi okuphelele kokukhanya kwe-infrared ngaphakathi kwe-silica core. Ivinjelwe ukulahleka kokumuncwa kwe-silica okungaphakathi, ukusabalala kwe-Rayleigh, ukumuncwa kwe-infrared kanye nokuncipha kwe-hydroxyl water peak, ama-waveband ayisithupha amakhulu ezentengiselwano ajwayelekile embonini yokuxhumana kwe-optical yomhlaba wonke: 850 nm, 1310 nm, 1383 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm kanye ne-1625 nm. Lawa ma-waveband ahlanganisa i-LAN yebanga elifushane, inethiwekhi yedolobha elikhulu, umgogodla we-long-haul, ukufinyelela kwe-PON fiber, ukukhulisa okubonakalayo kanye nezimo zokuhlola i-optical fiber. Umehluko ohlukile ukhona ku-attenuation coefficient, ukuhlakazeka kwe-chromatic, ibanga lokudlulisa eliphakeme, izingxenye ze-optoelectronic ezifanayo kanye nokukhethwa kwe-fiber phakathi kwama-waveband ahlukene, asebenza njengezindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokukhetha imininingwane ye-fiber, umklamo wobunjiniyela kanye ne-R&D yezingxenye ze-optical. Leli phepha liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: izici ze-optical ezinemininingwane yama-waveband ayisithupha, ukuqhathaniswa okuvundlile kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-fiber eyinhloko, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-fiber ekhanyayo kanye nesicelo esisebenzayo sobubanzi ngabunye.