• Ki te whakaritea ki ngā taura parahi tuku iho, he tere me te whānui o te hononga e kore e taea te whakataurite ki ngā taura muka whatu. Nā tēnei, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te tere teitei me te mahi nui o te raraunga.

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• Ka whakaratohia e ēnei taura te taumata teitei rawa o te pono o te tohu, ā, kāore rawa he ngaronga raraunga e puta, ā, he tino pai rawa atu tā rātou mahi, ahakoa i runga i ngā mano putu.

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• I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi momo muka, he pai te muka aratau-kotahi mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti, ā, he pai ake te muka aratau-maha mō ngā tawhiti poto.

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• Ngā āhuatanga haumarutanga me te tūmataitinga tino pai He tino pai ngā painga haumarutanga o ngā taura muka whatu. Hei tāpiri, kāore e taea te whakarongo puku me te pokanoa, ā, he pai rawa atu mō te kawe i ngā raraunga tairongo.

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• Mā te tāutanga tika me te tiaki i te taura muka whatu ka tino whai hua, kia pai ai te mahi a te taura. Ka tīmata tēnei mā te whakahaere āta whakaaro, te horoi i ia wā, me te whakamātautau i ngā wā katoa.

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• He mea nui te mōhio ki ngā paerewa ahumahi, pērā i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga TIA/EIA, hei whakapūmau i te kounga. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamātautau motuhake ka whakapūmau i te kounga o tō haumitanga muka whatu.

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Mā te aratohu hoko taura muka whatu koe e āwhina ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taura mō te tuku raraunga whai hua me te pono. Engari, mā ngā taura muka whatu ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio mā te mārama, ka tere ake te tere me te tawhiti atu i ngā waea parahi paerewa.

He rerekē rawa ngā momo taura muka whatu nei mai i te aratau kotahi ki te aratau maha. He rerekē ngā mahi a ia momo, ahakoa he whatunga kāinga, he tono arumoni, he whakatinanatanga whānui rānei.

Ko te roa o te taura, te momo hononga, te pakari, me ētahi atu mea, he mea nui hei whakaaroaro kia tino whiwhi koe i te mahi pai rawa atu. Mā te mārama ki ngā mea hei tirotiro māu ka penapena i tō wā, i tō moni, ā, ka mutu, ka raru pea koe i te hototahi.

I roto i tā mātou aratohu kaihoko whānui, ka whakamāramahia e mātou ngā mea katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio mō ngā taura muka whatu. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu i runga i ō hiahia.

He aha i whiriwhiri ai i ngā taura muka whatu?

Kua hurihia te umanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e ngā taura muka whatu mā te whakarato i te tere, te pono, me te haumarutanga tino pai. He nui ake i ngā taura parahi tuku iho te mahi me te roa. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei kōwhiringa pai mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ēnei rā. Koinei te take e whakaaro ana mātou he kōwhiringa pai ake rātou, i runga i te raupapa hiranga.

Ngā Painga o te Tere me te Whānuitanga

I te nuinga o te wā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura muka whatu i roto i te āhua o ngā tohu mārama e haere ana i roto i ngā miro angiangi o ngā muka karāhe. Ko te uho, te wāhi e haere ai te mārama, me te uhi, e whakaata ana i te mārama ki roto i te uho, ka mahi tahi hei ārahi i ēnei tohu me te whai hua. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka taea te tere ake i te 100Gbps.

Ka haria e ia te mārama i waenga i ngā muka i te tata ki te rua hautoru o te tere o te mārama, he painga e pai ai mō ngā whatunga tere-tiketike. Ko ngā muka aratau-kotahi he mea hanga motuhake mō ngā tawhiti roa, neke atu i te 6 maero te nuinga, me te iti o te ngaronga tohu.

He iti ake te utu mō ngā muka maha-aratau, he pai mō ngā oma poto ake i raro i te 1.2 maero, hei whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga ā-rohe. Anei tētahi whakatairite:

Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o ngā muka aratau-kotahi, nā te iti o te tiaki ka whai hua te utu mō te wā roa.

Te Pono me te Pono o te Tohu

He ātete ake ngā muka whatu ki te ngaronga tohu (whakaiti) me te tino ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko. He pai te mahi a ngā hononga LC i roto i ngā whakatinanatanga kiato-teitei. I taua wā anō, kei te noho tonu ngā hononga SC me ST hei paerewa pono mō ngā tono waea me ngā tono tawhito.

Mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te kaha nui, ka tutuki i ngā hononga MTP/MPO ō hiahia.

Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Tawhiti

He iti ngā taumata o te whakaiti me te horapa, ka tukuna e ngā muka whatu te kounga tino pai puta noa i ngā maero katoa. Ko ngā āhuatanga matatau pēnei i te iti o te ngaronga hokinga mai ka whakapūmau i te iti rawa o te whakaata tohu ka taea, ka āwhina i te whakatairanga i te rere tonu o ngā raraunga.

Ngā Āhuatanga Haumarutanga Whakarei ake

Kāore ngā muka whatu e pāngia e te pokanoa hikohiko, he uaua ake te whakamahi, nō reira he tino haumaru ake, he pai mō te tuku raraunga tairongo. Nā te roa me te ātete ki te pāmahana, te wai, te UV, tae atu ki ngā kiore, ka pai ake te pono i roto i ngā taiao maha.

Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Taura Muka Whatu

Ko ngā taura muka whatu te pou tuarā o te tuku raraunga o ēnei rā, e whakarato ana i te tere me te pono e kore e taea e te waea parahi te whakataetae. Ko tōna anga angiangi he tata ki te hauwhā o te matotoru o te parahi, ā, he kotahi tekau noa iho o tōna taumaha. Mā te hanganga papatahi motuhake, maha-aho e māmā ake ai te tāutanga me te tiaki.

Kāore ngā muka whatu e kawe hiko, he rerekē ki te parahi. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka kore e pāngia e te wawaotanga hikohiko (EMI), ka puta he mahi pono, ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao tino pāngia e te EMI.

Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Taura

Hei karo i ngā kino i te wā e tāuta ana, he mea nui te whakahaere tika.

• Āta tirohia te piko o ngā taura kia neke atu i tōna radius piko iti rawa.

• Tāutahia ngā paipa, ngā paepae rānei hei tiaki i a koe kia kore ai e kuru, e pakū rānei.

• Te here i ngā taura me ngā here korekore hei ārai i te pēhanga ki ngā muka.

• Me whakarite kia rongoa ngā taura ki roto i te wāhi maroke, e whakahaerehia ana te pāmahana.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamutu Tika

He mea nui te whakamutu tika kia pai ai te mahi. Mō ngā hononga kāore i te honoa, whakamahia ngā hononga kua oti te whakakanapa, te hononga honohono rānei, kia pono ai, kia iti ai te ngaronga.

Mā ngā kete whakamutu e haere mai ana me ngā taputapu me ngā maripi tika, ka māmā ake te tukanga, me te pupuri tonu i te tūnga ōrite i waenga i te matua me te hononga.

Ngā Tukanga Horoi me te Tirotiro

Ko te pumau o te muka whatu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te horoi me te tirotiro i ia wā.

• Ka mutu te hononga muka whatu ma ki ngā tauera kore-miro me te waipiro isopropyl.

• Tirohia ngā hononga mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko muka hei tautuhi i te paru, i ngā karawarawa rānei.

• Whakakapia wawetia ngā hononga pakaru kia mau tonu ai te kounga o te tohu.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Whakatau Rapanga

Mā te whakamātautau ka whakarite kia rite te mahi a ngā taura ki tā te mea e tumanakohia ana. Whakamahia he Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) hei tautuhi i ngā hapa, hei whakamātautau hoki mō te ngoikore.

E whakamahia ana ngā mita mana mamati me ngā pūtake mārama whatu hei manatoko i te kaha o te tohu, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki ngā taputapu kimi hapa tirohanga hei kimi i ngā whati, i ngā piko koi rānei o ngā taura.

Aratau-Kotahi me te Aratau-Maha: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana koe i te taura muka whatu pai rawa atu mō ō hiahia, aratau kotahi, aratau maha rānei, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki ngā mea e wehewehe ana i a rāua me te āhua o tā rāua mahi. Ka whai wāhi ēnei rerekētanga ki te whakahaere i te tuku raraunga, ngā utu e pā ana, me ā rāua tono tino pai.

1. Kia Mārama ki te Muka Aratau-Kotahi

He iti ake te whānui o te matua o te muka aratau-kotahi, tata ki te 9 maikorona. Mā taua rahi iti ka taea te haere tika o te mārama mā roto i te matua. Ka whakaitihia te hekenga o te tohu, ā, ka taea hoki te tuku tohu tawhiti.

He mea tika kia pai ake te mahi a te muka aratau-kotahi me ngā pūtake rama taiaho, taiaho rānei. Koinei te kōwhiringa pai mō ngā tono katoa e hiahia ana kia tino tika mō ngā tawhiti roa, pērā i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whatunga tawhiti.

2. Kia Mārama ki te Muka Aratau Maha

He whānui ake te diameter o te matua o te muka maha-aratau—ko te nuinga he 50, he 62.5 maikiromita rānei. Nā te rahi kua nui ake, ka taea e ngā momo rama maha te haere i roto i te wā kotahi me te kore e pokanoa.

Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ia ngā pūtake mārama iti te utu pērā i ngā rama LED, ngā rama VCSEL rānei. Ko te mea tino pai ko ngā tono tawhiti poto, pērā i waenga i ngā tūmau, i roto rānei i te pokapū raraunga. Kāore i te rite te tawhiti.

3. Whakatauritehia ngā Āheinga Tawhiti

Mō te mahi tawhiti, kāore he rite o te aratau kotahi, e taea ai te tuku raraunga tae atu ki te 62 maero.

I tētahi atu taha, he pai ake te whakamahi i te muka aratau maha mō ngā tawhiti kei raro iho i te 1,000 putu, nō reira he tino pai mō ngā tono ā-rohe.

4. Arotakehia te Kaha o te Whānuitanga o te Aratuku

Nā te iti o te matua o te muka aratau-kotahi, kāore e tino ngāwari te tuku. Me werowero tika te mārama kia eke ki te whānuitanga pai rawa atu mō ngā tawhiti roa.

Ahakoa he nui te whānui o te hononga o te muka aratau maha mō ngā hiahia whānui poto ake, whānui ake, kāore i a ia ngā āheinga tawhiti rite ki te aratau kotahi.

5. Aromatawaihia ngā Whakaaro mō te Utu

Kāore he rerekētanga nui o ngā utu hanga FPGA. Ko te taura aratau-kotahi LC-ki-LC 10-putu te roa he $1 noa iho te nui ake i te taura aratau-maha, engari ka nui ake te utu o ngā wāhanga mō te aratau-kotahi.

6. Whakatauhia te Whaihua o te Tono

Mena he roa āu haerenga, he nui rānei te tika o te mahi, ko te aratau kotahi te huarahi hei whiriwhiri.

I tētahi atu taha, ka pai ake te mahi a te aratau maha i roto i ngā taiao tawhiti poto, iti ake te utu.

Tūhurahia ngā momo hononga muka whatu

Kāore i te arohia ngā hononga muka whatu, engari he mahi nui tā rātou ki te pupuri i ngā hononga tino whai hua, tino pono hoki. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ia momo hononga i runga ake nei e tika ana mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake.

Kōwhiria te mea pai rawa atu hei whakatutuki i ō whakaritenga tono ahurei!

Ngā Hononga LC: Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Whakamahinga

He mea rongonui te LC (Lucent Connector) mō tōna rahi iti me te taura 1.25mm. Nā tōna rahi kiato ka waiho hei kōwhiringa pai mō ngā tono kiato nui pērā i ngā pokapū raraunga, ina nui te wāhi.

He tino whai hua, he tino watea hoki ngā hononga LC. E 70% pea o te tapeke o ngā hononga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga.

Ngā Hononga SC: Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Whakamahinga

Ko te hononga SC (Subscriber Connector) pea te mea e tino mōhiotia ana mō tōna ngāwari ki te whakamahi, me te whakamahi i tētahi hoahoa pana-tō māmā hei whakangāwari, hei whakapūmau hoki i te whai hua o ngā hononga.

Ko tōna hoahoa ahurei o te ferrule 2.5mm, ehara i te mea ka taea te whakamutu papatipu anake, engari ka taea hoki te tuku raraunga tere-teitei. Ka kitea noa i roto i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā whatunga pouaka whakaata taura.

Ngā Hononga ST: Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Whakamahinga

Ka whakamahia e ngā hononga ST (Straight Tip) he tikanga honohono momo bayonet. He tino pai ēnei taura mō ngā tono muka maha-aratau, inā koa i roto i ngā whatunga o te puni.

Nā te pakari me te tere o te whakatinanatanga, koinei te whiringa rongonui.

Ngā Hononga FC: Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Whakamahinga

He mea hanga ngā hononga FC (Ferrule Connector) kia tino pumau. Mā te hoahoa miro, tīwiri, ka taea e rātou te tupu pai i roto i ngā taiao e nui ana te wiri pēnei i ngā tono ahumahi.

Ngā Hononga MTP/MPO: Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Whakamahinga

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hononga MTP me MPO maha-muka hei tautoko i ngā muka maha i te 12, 24, 36 rānei ngā aho. Nā te kaha ki te tautoko i ngā kiato teitei i ngā tere whakamiharo, he mea nui rawa atu ēnei mō ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whatunga whānui.

Whakakanapa Hononga: PC, UPC, APC

He mea nui te whakakanapa o te hononga ki te kounga o te tohu. Mā te whakakanapa o te PC (Physical Contact) ka whakaitihia ngā āputa hau, ko ngā hononga UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) ia ka whakapai ake i te ngaronga whakaata.

Ka whakaitihia e te APC (Angled Physical Contact) te whakaata whakamuri mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga tere-nui.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga Mahi Matua hei Whakaaroaro

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura muka whatu, he mea nui te mōhio ki ngā whakaritenga mahi matua kia tika ai te taura mō tō tono me ō whakaritenga. Koinei ngā whakaritenga mahi matua e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga, te pono me te hua o te utu o tō whatunga.

Whakaiti: Ngaronga Tohu i te Tawhiti

Ko te whakaitiiti te tere o te ngaronga o te kaha o te tohu i a ia e horapa ana i roto i te muka whatu. He painga tō ngā taura muka whatu nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaiti nui i tēnei ngaronga ki te whakaritea ki ngā waea parahi tuku iho.

Mō ngā muka whatu, e 97% o te tohu kei reira tonu i muri i te 328 putu (100 mita). Ki te whakataurite, e 6% noa iho o te tohu e mau ana i te parahi i taua tawhiti. Nā tēnei ka iti ake te utu o te muka i te parahi mō te kawe raraunga tawhiti.

Kāore he rite o te kaha o te muka aratau kotahi (SMF) ki te tuku tohu. Ka taea e ia te tuku tohu reo irirangi neke atu i te 62 maero (100 kiromita) me te kore e heke te kounga.

Whānuitanga: Te kaha tuku raraunga

Ko te whānui o te aratuku he ine i te nui o ngā raraunga ka taea e te taura te kawe i tētahi wā. He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā muka aratau kotahi (te whānui o te matua he 8.3, 9 maikorona rānei) mō te tuku tere teitei, tawhiti roa.

I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā muka aratau maha—me ngā matua 50 me te 62.5-micron—he pai mō ngā whānuitanga poto ake. Ka taea e ngā taura aratau maha OM3 te toro atu ki te roa tae atu ki te 984 putu (300 mita).

Hei whakataurite, ka taea e ngā taura OM4 te tae ki taua awhe whakamiharo i te 1,804 putu (550 mita), i runga i te tere raraunga.

Marara: Ngā Take Whakangaromanga Tohu

Ko te mararatanga te wā e marara ai ngā tohu mārama, ka mōrearea te ngaronga o ngā tohu raraunga, ka piki ake rānei te roa o te wā e toro atu ana. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka whakaitihia te mararatanga mā te pupuri i te mārama kia neke i roto i tētahi ara angiangi, arotahi.

Mā tēnei ka taea te whakatutuki i te mahi tino pai i ngā tawhiti roa.

Ngaronga Whakahoki: Te Ine i te Whakaata Tohu

Ko te ngaronga whakahoki he inenga mō te pai o te tuku me te kore e whakaatahia anō ngā tohu mārama. He pai ake ngā uara ngaronga whakahoki teitei ake.

Mā te tāutanga tika me ngā hononga, ka taea tēnei te waiho hei inenga teitei.

Ngā Āhuatanga Taiao me te Kōwhiringa Taura

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura muka whatu, ko tētahi o ngā mea nui hei aro atu ko te taiao e karapoti ana i te wāhi tāutanga taura. Nā te mea ka pā tika ngā āhuatanga taiao ki te mahi, te roa me te haumaru, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te momo taura tika mō te pono me te pono mō te wā roa.

Ngā Whakaaro mō te Awhe Pāmahana

Ka matapakihia i raro nei, ka taea e ngā pāmahana tino teitei te whakaputa i ngā huringa nui ki te mahi a te taura. Ko te tikanga o ngā whakaurunga o waho ko te tāpiri i ngā taura i hangaia mō ngā huringa pāmahana tino nui me te taumahatanga, i te nuinga o te wā -40°F ki te 158°F.

Mō ngā taiao o roto, pērā i ngā pokapū raraunga, he pai te mahi a ngā taura paerewa i te mea he tino whakahaeretia te tautuhinga. Mō ngā whare kāore i te whakahaeretia te pāmahana, pērā i ngā whare putunga ahumahi, me whakamahi ngā taura kua whakatauria mō ngā awhe pāmahana whānui ake.

Ātete ki te makuku me te wai

Ka taea e te makuku te whakangaro i ngā taura muka whatu i roto i te wā, inā koa i roto i ngā whare kei raro i te whenua, i waho rānei. He mea tino pai ngā matū ārai wai, ngā taura kī tonu i te tiēre rānei mō ēnei taiao hei ārai i te urunga mai o te wai.

He whānuitia te whakamahi i ngā taura tanu tika, he maha ngā wā he koti taumaha te mea e mau ana. Mō ngā wāhi kuiti, he kōwhiringa ngā koti LSZH nā te mea he ātete mura, he iti hoki te paoa e tukuna ana.

Te Parenga Irahiko UV

Ko ngā taura o waho ka pāngia e te rā, me whai koti ātete-UV hei ārai i te pakaru o ngā rauemi i roto i te wā. Ki te kore tēnei parenga, ka taea e te mārama UV te whakangaro i ngā uhi taura, ka pakaru te mata, ka whakapoto hoki i tōna roanga ora.

Ko ngā taura ātete-UV ka tāia mō te whakamahinga o waho, hei tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā hihi o te rā.

Ātete ki te Whakamātautau Matū

I roto i ngā taiao hangahanga, ka pāngia pea ngā taura e ngā matū pēnei i te hinu, i ngā whakarewa rānei. Ka tiakina ngā taura e te polyethylene me ētahi atu uhi matū mai i ngā taiao waikura matū.

He tino whai hua tēnei i roto i ngā whare hanga nui, i ngā whare rokiroki matū rānei he maha ngā arai kei runga ake.

Ngā Rautaki Tiaki i ngā Kiore

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā kararehe mohoao pērā i ngā kiore te ngau i ngā uhi taura, ka nui ake te utu mō ngā raruraru whatunga. Mō ngā wāhi e nui ana ngā kiore, ka taea e ngā taura ārai te tiaki i a rātou anō mai i te kino.

I te nuinga o te wā ka tae mai me ngā ārai whakarewa kua tāuta kē, he mea tino pai mō ngā whakatakotoranga ki raro whenua me ngā whenua taiwhenua.

Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tāutanga me te Tiaki

Mō te taura muka whatu, mā te tāutanga me te tiaki tika ka pai ake te mahi, ā, ka roa ake te ora o tō pūnaha. Ko te whakahaere tika, te whakamutu, te horoi, me te whakamātautau i ia hononga he taahiraa nui ki te whai hononga pono.

Te Whakahaere Taura me te Pūtoro Piko

He waimarie, he pakari ngā taura muka whatu, he ngawari hoki, engari ki te kore e tika te whakahaere, ka pakaru pea ngā moroiti, ka ngaro katoa rānei te tohu. Kia mahara ki te whai i ngā aratohu a te kaihanga mō te iti rawa o te piko, nā te mea ka pakaru pea ngā muka o roto i te piko ki tua atu i tēnei wāhi.

Ko ngā taura taka-piko, pērā i te GJYXFCH me te GJXFH, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hanganga pūnaha o roto me ngā whakaurunga o waho. He tino ngāwari ēnei taura me te kaha katoa o te hanganga o runga.

Ki te whakatakoto i ngā paipa wai i raro i te whenua, whakatenatenahia kia tanumia ngā taura kia 3.3 ki te 4 putu te hohonu. Hei ārai i te huka me ētahi atu āhuatanga kino i te rangi makariri tēnei hōhonutanga. He pai te mahi a ngā taura hau, pērā i te GYTC8A, i roto i ngā whakairinga o runga i ngā pou hiko, ā, ka roa ai te mau i waho.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamutu Tika

Mā te whakamutu tika i ngā taura muka whatu ka karohia ngā raruraru whakaiti tohu, ā, ka whakaratohia he hononga pono. Kōwhiria ngā hononga me ngā taputapu kounga teitei kua hangaia mō te momo taura e whakamahia ana e koe.

Hei tauira, ko ngā taura ngongo korekore kua mau, pērā i te GYFTA53, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tō rātou pakari me te roa. Mēnā ka honoa tika, ka tino whakaitihia e ngā hononga haumaru te tūponotanga o te hekenga o te tohu.

He iti noa iho te ngaronga o te muka whatu, 3% noa iho i roto i te 328 putu, ko te ngaronga ia o ngā taura parahi he 94% whakaharahara.

Ngā Tukanga Horoi me te Tirotiro

Ka pāngia te kounga o te tohu e te puehu me ētahi atu paru. Whakamahia he tauera kore-miro me te waipiro isopropyl hei whakarite kia ma ngā hononga i mua i te tāutanga.

Mā te tirotiro auau mā te whakamahi i te karu muka, ka taea te kite i tētahi poke, i tētahi pakaru rānei i mua noa atu i te puta mai o te rahunga, kia mau tonu ai te mahi.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Whakatau Rapanga

Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau OTDR kia tika ai te kimi i ngā hapa i mua i te tāutanga. Ka taea e ngā taputapu rapurongoā motuhake, pērā i ngā mita hiko, te whakaū i te kaha o te tohu, me te manatoko i te iti o te ngaronga i te wā e tukuna ana.

Mā tēnei huarahi matatau ka penapena wā, ka whakaiti i te ahotea, ā, ka ārai i ngā whakatikatika utu nui.

Ngā Paerewa me ngā Tiwhikete Ahumahi

I te hoko taura muka whatu, he aratohu whai hua ngā paerewa ahumahi me ngā tiwhikete hei whai mā te whakatau i ngā whakaritenga kounga, hototahi, me te haumaru. Ko ā rātou aratohu me ngā paerewa pakari e whakarato ana i ngā paearu matua mō te whakamātautau i te pono, te mahi, me te kounga o ngā taura. Nā tēnei ka nui ai ēnei mō ngā tohunga ngaio, mō ngā whakahaere rānei.

Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Paerewa TIA/EIA

Kua whakatūria e te Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) me te Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) ngā paerewa turanga mō ngā taura muka whatu. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei paerewa ahumahi ngā whakaritenga taipitopito mō ngā momo taura, ngā tikanga tāutanga, me ngā whakaritenga mahi.

Hei tauira, ko te paerewa TIA/EIA-568 o te Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance, i whakaurua ki roto i te ANSI, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha taura hanganga. Ka whakamanahia e tēnei paerewa te ōritetanga me te matapae i roto i te hoahoa me te tāutanga. Mā te tutuki i ēnei paerewa ka āwhina i te whakarite i te taumata hototahi teitei puta noa i ngā taputapu, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru nui o te pūnaha.

He pono rawa tēnei ina mahi ana i ngā momo waitohu rerekē, ina whakauru ana rānei i ngā taura hou ki tētahi hanganga kua whakatūria.

Ngā Ture Whakatutuki me te Haumaru

Ko ngā ture haumaru me ngā ture tutuki i roto i tēnei ture e kapi ana i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana me te tukanga hanga o ngā taura muka whatu. Me tutuki ngā taura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakaurunga o roto i ngā paerewa ātete ahi e tika ana.

I te US, me tutuki i a rātou ngā whakatauranga NEC (National Electrical Code) mō te tukunga paowa. Mā tēnei ka piki ake te haumaru mai i ngā āhuatanga morearea e kitea ana i roto i ngā wāhi kuiti. He mea nui te ātete UV me te ārai wai i roto i ngā taura o waho, hei tiaki i te taura mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao.

He mea nui te whai i ēnei ture hei tiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā hanganga, nō reira, kāore e taea te kōrero, ahakoa mō te kaupapa tino pai rawa atu.

Te Hiranga o te Whakamātautau Tuatoru

Mā ā mātou whakamātautau tuatoru ka whakarite kia tutuki ā mātou taura muka whatu i ngā paerewa ahumahi, engari kia eke hoki ki runga ake.

E hiahiatia ana ngā whakahaere o te Fiber Optic Association (FOA) hei āwhina i te whakatairanga i tēnei mahi. Nā ngā tohunga he nui ake i te 20 tau te wheako i whakawhanake, ko ngā tiwhikete FOA te paerewa koura.

E whakaaetia whānuitia ana

Neke atu i te 90% o te umanga e whakaae ana ki ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te CFOT me te CFOS, arā, ngā whakamātautau tuhituhi me ngā whakamātautau mahi. Ko te hua o tēnei katoa ko ngā tohunga kua whai tiwhikete i raro i te kaupapa e whakarato ana i ngā hua tino pono, tino ōrite hoki.

Te Whakapaipai i tō Pūtea muka mō te Ao Whānui

Ko te whakarite i tō haumitanga muka mō te heke mai e pā ana ki te pono me te mahi mō te wā roa. Mā te whakaaro ki te whakawhānui me ngā hiahia ā meake nei i te wā whakamahere, ka taea e koe te karo i ngā haumitanga anō e whakararuraru ana, e utu nui ana hoki, me te wā ngaro hoki e whakarite ana i te haere tonu o te hononga tere-nui nui.

Mēnā he mahere whānui kei te whakatakotohia, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri pono i ngā taura ka taea te whakauru i ngā whanaketanga hangarau a meake nei, me ngā whakaritenga whānui e piki ake ana.

Te Whakawhanuitanga mō ngā Hiahia o te Ao

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura muka whatu, ko te āheinga tauine te mea nui rawa atu māu. Ko ngā whatunga kiato nui me te piki haere o ngā tono raraunga e hiahia ana ki ngā taura hei āwhina i te tipu me te whakakore i te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga tonu.

Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te whakarea roangaru hei utu mō te tāpiri muka ka taea te tuku tere ake pērā i te 40G, te 100G rānei i runga i ngā taura o nāianei, ka penapena i te wā me te utu. Ko ētahi atu huarahi kē atu, pērā i te muka aratau whānui OM5 (WBMMF), ka tino whakanui ake i te tauine.

Ka taea e rātou ngā hangarau pēnei i te SWDM4, ā, he hototahi ki ngā MMF takirua OM3 me OM4 o nāianei. Kōwhiria ngā taura he iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā hononga iti ake, pēnei i te hononga Corning/Senko CS. Mā tēnei whakatau motuhake ka tiakina te wāhi mō ngā whatunga matotoru e rere ana i te 200G, i te 400G rānei.

Ngā Ara Whakapai Ake me te Hototahi

Ko te whakarite i te heke mai ko te waiho i te wāhi mō ngā ara whakapai ake me te whakarite i te mahi tahi. He rerekē ngā kaupapa o ngā muka aratau kotahi me ngā muka aratau maha. He mea nui ake te whānui o te matua me ngā taipitopito whakakikorua mō tā rātou mahi.

Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo tika ka tino hototahi, ka hono atu hoki ki ngā taputapu o nāianei me ngā taputapu o muri mai. Ehara i te mea he mahi taura pai noa iho te whakamutu tika, engari he mea nui hoki mō te angitu o te hōtaka.

Ko te mea pono, ko ngā whakamutu whatunga kino te take o te tata ki te 40% o ngā tāutanga, ka nui ake te utu mō te wā kore mahi whatunga me te mahi anō.

Ngā Hangarau me ngā Auahatanga Hou

Ko te noho ki mua i te ao ko te whakaaro ki ngā hangarau hou. Ko te urunga atu ki ngā āheinga whakaputa matatau, pērā i te 13 ngā raina whakaputa e whakarato ana i ngā putanga ārahi i te ahumahi, e whakamana ana i te kounga me te wātea mō ngā whatunga e tere haere ana te horapa.

Mā te noho mōhio ki ngā au auaha pēnei i te WBMMF me ngā hoahoa hononga e huri haere ana ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakarite i tō haumitanga mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.

Whakamutunga

Ka nui te āwhina o te taura muka whatu tika ki te whakarite i te mahi tino pai me te pono. Kimihia te mea nui ki a koe Ko te mea tuatahi - whakatauhia ō kaupapa matua. Mā te whai i tēnei huarahi, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i tētahi otinga e tino rite ana ki ō whāinga whānui. Ngā Whakaaroaro Ko ngā taura muka whatu - tapahi, ātete ki te makuku me te kiore - kāore e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga o waho, ko te tere te mea nui ki te haumitanga hanganga mō te wā roa.

Kaua e whakaroa i te tukanga, engari me whai wā ki te whakaaro ki ō hiahia ahurei, me te whiriwhiri i te taura pai rawa atu e tika ana mō rātou, me ngā tikanga tāutanga tika. Mā te whakamahere iti i te tīmatanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te karo i te moumou taima me te moni i te heke mai. Ki te hiahia koe ki te hoko taura muka whatu, haere ki tua atu i tā mātou aratohu, kimihia ngā kaiwhakarato whai mana me te whai ingoa, kōrero rānei ki ngā tohunga e tohunga ana ki aua mea. Mā te muka whatu koe e āwhina kia noho hono tonu i tēnei rā, me te whakatuwhera i te kuaha ki ngā mea ka taea āpōpō.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā painga o te whakamahi i ngā taura muka whatu i runga i ngā taura tuku iho?

He tere, he whānui, he pono hoki ngā taura muka whatu, he nui atu i ērā e kitea ana i roto i ngā taura parahi. Kāore e pāngia e te EMI, ā, ka taea te tuku raraunga i ngā whānui teitei ake i ngā tawhiti tawhiti, me te kore e pakaru. Nā tēnei ka tino pai rātou mō ngā whatunga mahi-teitei o ēnei rā.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā taura muka whatu aratau-kotahi me ngā taura muka whatu aratau-maha?

He pai ake ngā taura aratau-kotahi, me ō rātou matua whaiti rawa, mō te tuku raraunga tawhiti. I tetahi atu taha, he tino pai ngā taura aratau-maha mō ngā tawhiti poto nā te mea he nui ake ō rātou matua. Ko te muka aratau-kotahi te mea pai mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti, engari ko te muka aratau-maha ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā whatunga rohe-ā-rohe (LAN).

He aha ngā mea hei whakaaroaro māku i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taura muka whatu?

Ko ētahi o ngā mea nui ko ngā whakaritenga whānui, te tawhiti tuku, te taiao, me ngā momo hononga. Hei tūpato, ngana tonu ki te whiriwhiri i te momo taura tino tika mō ō hiahia whatunga kia pai ai te mahi me te roa.

He pēhea te pānga o ngā āhuatanga taiao ki te kōwhiringa taura?

Ka pā kino pea ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te pāmahana, te makuku me te pānga o te hihi UV ki ngā taura muka whatu. Mēnā kei waho koe e whakamahi ana, whiriwhiria ngā taura he paninga tiaki tāpiri, he ārai wai rānei hei tiaki i a koe mai i ngā āhuatanga o waho, kia pono ai te mahi.

He aha ngā hononga muka whatu e tino kitea ana?

Ko ngā momo noa ko ngā hononga LC, SC, ST, me MTP/MPO. Ka whakawhirinaki tō whakatau ki te hoahoa o tō whatunga me te mea e hototahi ana ki ō taputapu whatunga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā hononga LC mō ngā tono penapena wāhi, ko ngā hononga SC ia e mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou pakari.

He aha ngā whakatakotoranga mahi matua hei tirotiro?

Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te diameter matua, te whakatauranga whakaiti, te kaha o te whānui o te whatunga, me te tawhiti mōrahi o te tuku raraunga. Ka pā tika ēnei whakatakotoranga ki te mahi tuku raraunga o te taura me te kaha ki te whakatutuki pai i ngā whakaritenga o tō whatunga.

Me pēhea taku whakarite i taku haumi muka whatu mō ngā rā kei te heke mai?

Kōwhiria ngā taura pakari e taea ai te whakatutuki me te hipa i ngā hiahia whānui o nāianei me ngā hiahia o muri ake nei. Kōwhiria ngā kōwhiringa tauine, pērā i ngā taura muka whatu he nui ake te kaha. Me whakarite kia tutuki, kia hipa rānei i ngā paerewa ahumahi kua whakaaetia kia pai ai te whanaketanga o te hangarau ā muri ake nei.