• Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zobhedu zemveli, iintambo ze-fiber optic zibonelela ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye ne-bandwidth. Oku, kuzenza zilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nedatha eninzi.

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• Ezi ntambo zibonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu wokuthembeka kwesignali, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabikho lahleko yedatha kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kugqwesile, nokuba kungaphezulu kwamawaka eenyawo.

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• Xa ukhetha uhlobo lwefayibha, ifayibha yemowudi enye ifanelekile kunxibelelwano olude, kwaye ifayibha yemowudi eninzi iyindlela engabizi kakhulu kumgama omfutshane.

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• Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezigqwesileyo kunye nobumfihlo. Iintambo ze-Fiber optic ziza neenzuzo zokhuseleko ezibalaseleyo. Ukongeza, azinazo iingxaki zokumamela nokuphazanyiswa, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukuphatha idatha eyimfihlo.

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• Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kakuhle kwentambo ye-fiber optic kuya kunceda kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo isebenza kakuhle. Oku kuqala ngokuphathwa ngononophelo, ukucoca rhoqo, ukuvavanya rhoqo.

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• Ukwazi ngemigangatho yoshishino, efana nokuthobela i-TIA/EIA, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho. Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo oluzimeleyo luqinisekisa umgangatho wotyalo-mali lwakho lwe-fiber optic.

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Isikhokelo sokuthenga intambo ye-fiber optic sikunceda ukuba wenze ukhetho olunolwazi xa ukhetha iintambo zokudlulisela idatha ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo. Kwelinye icala, iintambo ze-fiber optic zithumela ulwazi ngokukhanya, zibonelela ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunye nemigama emide kuneentambo zobhedu eziqhelekileyo.

Olu hlobo lweentambo ze-fiber optic zahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwimowudi enye ukuya kwimowudi ezininzi. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba luthungelwano lweendawo zokuhlala, usetyenziso lwezorhwebo, okanye ukusasazwa okubanzi.

Ubude bekhebula, uhlobo lwesixhobo sokudibanisa, ukuqina, njl.njl., zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu. Ukuqonda into omawuyijonge kuya kukongela ixesha, imali, kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu zokuhambelana nesixhobo ekugqibeleni.

Kwisikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo somthengi, siza kuchaza yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neentambo ze-fiber optic. Ngale ndlela, ungakhetha eyona ilungileyo kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yakho.

Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Iintambo zeFiber Optic?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zitshintshe ishishini lonxibelelwano ngokubonelela ngesantya esingaqhelekanga, ukuthembeka, kunye nokhuseleko. Zidlula oko kunokwenzeka ngeentambo zekopolo zemveli ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni nasekuqineni. Oku kuzenza zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje. Nantsi isizathu sokuba sicinga ukuba zilukhetho oluphezulu, ngokokubaluleka.

Isantya kunye neenzuzo zeBandwidth

Ngokubanzi, iintambo ze-fiber optic zidlulisela idatha ngendlela yemiqondiso yokukhanya ehamba ngemicu emincinci yemicu yeglasi. Umbindi, apho ukukhanya kuhamba khona, kunye ne-cladding, ebonakalisa ukukhanya kubuyela embindini, zisebenza kunye ukukhokela ezi miqondiso ngokufanelekileyo. Olu yilo luvumela isantya sexesha elizayo se-100Gbps.

Ithwala ukukhanya phakathi kweefayibha kufutshane nesibini kwisithathu sesantya sokukhanya, inzuzo eyenza ukuba ilungele iinethiwekhi ezikhawulezayo. Iifayibha zendlela enye zenzelwe ngokukodwa umgama omde, ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kweemayile ezi-6, kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwesignali.

Iifayibha ze-Multimode, ezilungele ukubaleka okufutshane ngaphantsi kwe-1.2 yeemayile, zibiza kancinci ukusetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi zengingqi. Nantsi intelekelelo:

Nangona iifayibha zemowudi enye zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuqala, ukugcinwa kwazo okunciphileyo kwenza ukuba zisebenziseke kakuhle ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukunyaniseka kweSignali kunye nokuthembeka

Ii-fiber optics ziyakwazi ukumelana nokulahleka kwesignali (ukuncitshiswa) kwaye azichaphazeleki ngokupheleleyo kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Izihlanganisi ze-LC zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinoxinano oluphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, izihlanganisi ze-SC kunye ne-ST ziyaqhubeka nokuba yimigangatho ethembekileyo kwiifowuni kunye nezicelo zexesha elidlulileyo.

Xa ufuna amandla aphezulu, izihlanganisi ze-MTP/MPO ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zakho.

Unxibelelwano Olukude

Ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi okuncitshiswa nokusasazeka, ii-fiber optics zibonelela ngomgangatho ococekileyo kwiimayile zonke. Iimpawu zangaphambili ezifana nokulahleka okuphantsi kokubuya ziqinisekisa ubungakanani obuncinci bokubonakaliswa kwesignali okunokwenzeka, okunceda ukukhuthaza ukuhamba kwedatha rhoqo.

Iimpawu zoKhuseleko eziphuculweyo

Ii-fiber optics azichaphazeleki kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye ke ngoko zikhuselekile ngakumbi, zilungele ukudlulisa idatha eyimfihlo. Ukuqina kwazo kunye nokumelana nobushushu, amanzi, i-UV kunye neempuku kuphucula ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ingcaciso yeziseko zekhebula ze-Fiber Optic

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zingundoqo wokusasazwa kwedatha namhlanje, zibonelela ngesantya nokuthembeka okungenakho ukukhuphisana nazo intambo yobhedu. Isakhelo sazo esincinci simalunga nesinye kwisine sobukhulu bobhedu kwaye silingana nesinye kwishumi nje sobunzima bayo. Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo oluthe tyaba, olunemicu emininzi lwenza kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-copper, i-fiber optics ayisebenzisi umbane konke konke. Olu phawu lususa ukuthambekela kwi-electromagnetic interference (EMI), nto leyo enika ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, nakwiindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-EMI.

Iindlela Zokuphatha Iintambo

Ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ngexesha lokufakwa, ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile.

• Kuphephe ukugoba iintambo ngaphaya komlinganiselo ophantsi wokugoba kwazo.

• Faka iipayipi okanye iitreyi zokukhusela ukuze ungatyumki okanye ukrweleke.

• Ukuqhawula iintambo ezineentambo ezikhululekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo kwiintambo.

• Qinisekisa ukuba iintambo zigcinwa kwindawo ezomileyo nezilawulwa bubushushu.

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphelisa

Ukuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu. Xa usebenzisa uqhagamshelo olungadibaniyo, sebenzisa izihlanganisi ezipolishiweyo okanye i-fusion splicing ukuze uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo nolungalahlekanga kakhulu.

Izixhobo zokuphelisa eziza nezixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye neziqhoboshi zenza inkqubo ibe lula ngelixa zigcina ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo phakathi kwesiseko kunye nesixhumi.

Iinkqubo zokucoca nokuhlola

Ukunyaniseka kwe-fiber optic kuxhomekeke ekucoceni nasekuhlolweni rhoqo.

• Iziphelo zesixhumi se-fiber optic esicocekileyo zineziwipe ezingena-lint kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol.

• Jonga izihlanganisi ngemayikroskopu yefayibha ukuze ubone ungcoliseko okanye imikrwelo.

• Buyisela izihlanganisi ezonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ugcine umgangatho wesiginali.

Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye nezoLungiso-ngxaki

Uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Sebenzisa i-Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) ukuchonga iimpazamo nokuvavanya ukuncitshiswa kwazo.

Iimitha zamandla zedijithali kunye nemithombo yokukhanya ebonakalayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa amandla esignali, kwaye izixhobo zokubona iimpazamo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iindawo eziqhekekileyo okanye ukugoba okubukhali kwiintambo.

Imowudi enye vs. imowudi eninzi: Umahluko ophambili

Xa ukhetha intambo ye-fiber optic efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho, i-single-mode okanye i-multimode, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyahlulahlulayo kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo. Olu mahluko ludlala indima kwindlela nganye elawula ngayo ukuhanjiswa kwedatha, iindleko zayo ezinxulumene nayo, kunye nezicelo zayo ezifanelekileyo.

1. Qonda iFiber yeMowudi enye

Ifayibha yemowudi enye inobubanzi obuncinci kakhulu be-core, ngokubanzi malunga nee-microns ezili-9. Loo bukhulu buncinci buvumela ukukhanya ukuba kuhambe ngqo kwi-core. Oku kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesignali kwaye kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kumgama omde.

Kuyavakala ukuba i-fiber ye-single-mode ingasebenza kakuhle ngemithombo yokukhanya ye-laser okanye ye-laser diode. Lukhetho olukhethwayo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo efuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kumgama omde, njengakwii-telecommunication kunye ne-long-haul networking.

2. Qonda iMultimode Fiber

I-Multimode fiber inobubanzi obubanzi be-core—ngesiqhelo ingaba yi-50 okanye i-62.5 micrometers. Ngenxa yobukhulu obunyukileyo, iindlela ezininzi zokukhanya zinokudlula ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Oku kungenxa yokuba idla ngokusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya engabizi kakhulu efana nee-LED okanye ii-VCSEL. Apho i-fiber ye-multimode ikhanya khona ngokwenene kukwizicelo zexesha elifutshane, njengaphakathi kweeseva okanye ngaphakathi kwiziko ledatha. Ayinawo umgama.

3. Thelekisa izakhono zomgama

Xa kufikwa ekusebenzeni komgama omde, imowudi enye ayinakuthelekiswa nayo, ihambisa uthumelo lwedatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiimayile ezingama-62.

Kwelinye icala, i-Multimode fiber ingcono ukuyisebenzisa kumgama ongaphantsi kwe-1,000 yeenyawo, ngaloo ndlela ifanelekile kwizicelo ezikufutshane.

4. Vavanya Ubungakanani beBandwidth

Umbindi omncinci wefayibha yemowudi enye wenza ukuba ingaxoleli kangako. Ukukhanya kufuneka kufakwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe i-bandwidth efanelekileyo kumgama omde.

Nangona i-fiber ye-multimode inika i-bandwidth eninzi kwiimfuno ze-bandwidth ezimfutshane neziphezulu, ayinazo izakhono zomgama we-mode enye.

5. Vavanya iiNgqwalasela zeendleko

Umahluko kwiindleko zokwenziwa kwe-FPGA awunamsebenzi. Intambo ye-LC-to-LC single-mode eyi-10-foot ingaphezulu nge-$1 kuphela kune-multimode equivalent, kodwa izinto ze-single-mode zinokubiza kakhulu.

6. Chonga ukufaneleka kwesicelo

Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ixesha elide okanye ucoselelo oluphezulu kakhulu, indlela enye yeyona ifanelekileyo.

Kwelinye icala, i-multimode iya kusebenza ngcono kwiindawo ezingabizi kakhulu nezikude.

Hlola iintlobo zeFiber Optic Connector

Izihlanganisi ze-fiber optic zihlala zinganakwa, kodwa zenza indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo kangangoko. Zonke iintlobo zezihlanganisi ezingasentla zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezizivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezithile.

Khetha eyona ilungileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zesicelo ezizodwa!

Ii-LC Connectors: Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa

I-LC (Lucent Connector) iyaziwa ngobukhulu bayo obuncinci kunye ne-ferrule eyi-1.25mm. Le sayizi incinci iyenza ibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizicelo ezinoxinano olukhulu ezifana namaziko edatha, apho indawo ikumgangatho ophezulu.

Izihlanganisi ze-LC zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye zilula. Zimalunga ne-70% yenani lilonke lezihlanganisi ezifakwe kwiziko ledatha.

IziXhobo ze-SC: Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa

Isixhumi se-SC (Subscriber Connector) mhlawumbi saziwa kakhulu ngokulula kwaso, sisebenzisa uyilo olulula lokutyhala ukuze unxibelelwano lube lula kwaye lusebenze kakuhle.

Uyilo lwayo olulodwa lwe-ferrule ye-2.5mm aluvumeli kuphela ukucima ubunzima kodwa luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu. Ubuya kuyibona rhoqo kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano kunye nomabonwakude wekhebula.

IziXhobo ze-ST: Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa

Izihlanganisi ze-ST (Straight Tip) zisebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa efana ne-bayonet. Ezi ntambo zilungele ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha ye-multimode, ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi zekhampasi.

Ukuqina kwazo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo ngokukhawuleza kuzenza zibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo.

IiFC Connectors: Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa

Izihlanganisi zeFC (Ferrule Connector) zenzelwe ukuzinza okuphezulu. Uyilo lwazo olunemisonto, olunezikrufu luzinceda ziphumelele kwiindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu ezifana nezicelo zoshishino.

Iziqhagamsheli ze-MTP/MPO: Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa

Izihlanganisi ze-Multi-fiber MTP kunye ne-MPO zithwala iifayibha ezininzi kwiintambo ezili-12, ezingama-24 okanye ezingama-36. Ukukwazi kwazo ukuxhasa uxinano oluphezulu ngesantya esimangalisayo kuzenza zibe yimfuneko kwiindawo zedatha nakwiinethiwekhi ezinkulu.

Isiqhagamsheli sasePoland: iPC, iUPC, iAPC

Ipolishi yesixhumi yeyona nto iphambili kumgangatho wesignali. Ipolishi yePC (Physical Contact) inciphisa izithuba zomoya, ngelixa izixhumi ze-UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) ziphucula kancinci ukulahleka kokukhanya.

I-APC (Angled Physical Contact) inciphisa ukubonakaliswa ngasemva ukuze isetyenziswe kwiinethiwekhi ezikhawulezayo.

Iinkcukacha eziphambili zokusebenza ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Xa ukhetha iintambo ze-fiber optic, ulwazi lweenkcukacha zokusebenza eziphambili lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unentambo efanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho kunye neemfuno zakho. Ezi ziinkcukacha zokusebenza eziphambili ezinefuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukuthembeka kunye nemveliso yeendleko zenethiwekhi yakho.

Ukunciphisa: Ukulahleka kweSignali kumgama

Ukuncitshiswa kwesandi sisantya apho isignali ilahlekelwa ngamandla njengoko isasazeka ngefayibha. Iintambo ze-fiber optic zinenzuzo yokukwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu oku kulahleka xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zekopolo eziqhelekileyo.

Kwimeko ye-fiber optics, i-97% yesignali isekhona emva kweenyawo ezingama-328 (iimitha ezili-100). Xa kuthelekiswa, i-copper igcina kuphela i-6% eyoyikisayo yesignali kumgama ofanayo. Oku kwenza i-fiber ibe nexabiso eliphantsi kune-copper ekuthuthweni kwedatha kumgama omde.

I-Single Mode Fiber (SMF) ayinakuthelekiswa nanto kwindlela yayo yokudlulisa imiqondiso. Ingathumela imiqondiso yerediyo ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 ngaphandle kokwehla komgangatho.

I-bandwidth: Umthamo woThumelo lweDatha

I-bandwidth yindlela yokulinganisa ukuba intambo inokuthwala idatha engakanani na ngexesha elinye. Iifayibha ze-singlemode (iidayamitha eziphambili eziyi-8.3 okanye i-9 microns) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseni ngesantya esiphezulu nomgama omde.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifayibha ze-multimode—ezinee-cores ezingama-50 kunye nama-62.5-micron—zezona zilungileyo kwiindawo ezimfutshane. Iintambo ze-OM3 multimode ziyakwazi ukwandisa ubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-300 (iimitha ezingama-984).

Xa kuthelekiswa, iintambo ze-OM4 zinokufikelela kuloo mgama nge-1,804 feet (550 metres), ngokusekelwe kwisantya sedatha.

Ukusasazeka: Izinto Ezibangela Ukuwohloka Kwesignali

Ukusasazeka kwenzeka xa imiqondiso yokukhanya isasazeka, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni wokulahleka kwemiqondiso yedatha okanye ukwanda kokulibaziseka. Olu yilo lunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazeka ngokugcina ukukhanya kuhamba ngendlela encinci, egxile ngqo.

Oku kuvumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kumgama omde.

Ukulahleka Kokubuya: Umlinganiselo Wokubonakaliswa Kwesiginali

Ukulahleka kokubuya yindlela yokulinganisa indlela ezidluliselwa ngayo iimpawu zokukhanya kwaye zingabonakaliswa ngayo ngasemva. Amaxabiso aphezulu okulahleka kokubuya angcono.

Ngokufakelwa kakuhle kunye nezihlanganisi, oku kungaba ngumlinganiselo ophezulu.

Izinto eziphathelele indalo kunye nokukhethwa kweentambo

Xa ukhetha iintambo ze-fiber optic, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka zijongwe yimeko-bume ejikeleze indawo yokufakela iintambo. Ekubeni izinto ezingqongileyo zichaphazela ngqo ukusebenza, ukuqina kunye nokhuseleko, ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwentambo kubalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekuthembekeni kwexesha elide.

Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngobubanzi Bobushushu

Njengoko siza kuxoxa ngezantsi, ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni kwentambo. Ukufakelwa kwangaphandle kudla ngokuthetha ukongeza iintambo ezenzelwe ukuguquguquka kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo, kwiimeko ezininzi -40°F ukuya kwi-158°F.

Kwiindawo zangaphakathi, njengeziko ledatha, iintambo ezisemgangathweni zisebenza kakuhle xa kujongwa indlela ezilawulwa ngayo kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezineendawo ezingalawulwayo ngamaqondo obushushu, ezinje ngeendawo zokugcina izinto zoshishino, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iintambo ezilinganiselweyo ngamaqondo obushushu abanzi.

Ukufuma kunye nokumelana namanzi

Ukufuma kunokonakalisa iintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba okanye ezingaphandle. Iikhompawundi ezithintela amanzi okanye iintambo ezizaliswe yijeli zilungele ezi ndawo ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi.

Iintambo zokungcwaba ezithe ngqo, ezihlala zixhotyiswe ngeejakethi ezinzima, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezo zicelo. Kwiindawo ezixineneyo, iijakethi zeLSZH ziyindlela yokukhetha ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokuthintela umlilo kunye nokukhupha umsi omncinci.

Ukhuseleko lweMisebe ye-UV

Iintambo zangaphandle eziya kuvezwa lilanga zifuna iijakethi ezingamelani ne-UV ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwezinto ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaphandle kolu khuselo, ukukhanya kwe-UV kunokonakalisa iishelufu zekhebula, kubangele ukuqhekeka komphezulu kwaye kunciphise ubomi bazo kakhulu.

Iintambo ezimelana ne-UV zihlala zigximfizwa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngaphandle, nto leyo ekhusela elangeni.

Ukumelana nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali

Kwiindawo zokuvelisa, iintambo zingachaphazeleka zizinto ezifana neeoyile okanye izinyibilikisi. Iipolyethylene kunye nezinye iijakethi zeekhemikhali zikhusela kwiindawo ezingcolisayo zeekhemikhali.

Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizityalo ezinkulu zokuvelisa okanye kwiindawo zokugcina iikhemikhali apho kukho izithintelo ezininzi phezu kweentloko.

Amaqhinga okukhusela iimpuku

Ukongeza, izilwanyana zasendle ezifana neempuku zinokuhlafuna ngokulula iijakethi zekhebula, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwenethiwekhi okubizayo. Kwiindawo ezinomsebenzi weempuku, iintambo ezixhotyisiweyo zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluqinileyo ekonakaleni.

Zihlala zifika zinezixhobo zokuzikhusela zesinyithi ezifakwe kwangaphambili, nto leyo ezenza zibe ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni.

Ukufakela kunye nokulungisa Iindlela ezilungileyo zoKwenza

Xa kufikwa kwintambo ye-fiber optic, ukufakelwa nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ekufumaneni ukusebenza okufanelekileyo ngelixa kwandisa ubomi benkqubo yakho. Ukuphathwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukupheliswa, ukucoca, kunye nokuvavanywa koqhagamshelo ngalunye linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokunxibelelana okuthembekileyo.

Ukuphathwa kweCable kunye neRediyasi egobileyo

Ngethamsanqa, iintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala ixesha elide njengoko zibuthathaka, kodwa ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekonakaliseni ii-micro-fractures okanye ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kwesiginali. Qiniseka ukuba ulandela izikhokelo zomenzi zerediyasi encinci yokugoba, njengoko ukugoba ngaphaya kweli nqanaba kunokuphula iintambo zangaphakathi.

Iintambo zokulahla ezinje nge-Bow-type, ezifana ne-GJYXFCH kunye ne-GJXFH, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zenkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nokufakelwa kwangaphandle. Zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu ngamandla onke esakhiwo esingaphezulu.

Ukuba ubeka imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba, khuthaza ukuba iintambo zigqunywe ubuncinane ubude obuziimitha ezi-3.3 ukuya kwezi-4. Olu bunzulu bukhusela kwingqele kunye neminye imikhosi kwimozulu ebandayo. Iintambo zomoya, ezifana ne-GYTC8A, zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezifakelwe phezulu kwiipali zombane ngokukhuselekileyo, zibonelela ngokuqina kwindawo evulekileyo.

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphelisa

Ukuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo iintambo ze-fiber optic kuthintela iingxaki zokuncitshiswa kwesignali kwaye kubonelela ngonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo. Khetha izihlanganisi ezisemgangathweni kunye nezixhobo ezenzelwe uhlobo lwentambo oyisebenzisayo.

Umzekelo, iintambo zeetyhubhu ezikhululekileyo ezixineneyo ezifana ne-GYFTA53 zaziwa kakhulu ngokuba namandla azo okuqina nokuqina. Ukuba ziqhagamshelwe ngokufanelekileyo, uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo lunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuwohloka kwesiginali.

Ukulahleka okunjalo nge-fiber optics akunamsebenzi, yi-3% kuphela ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-328, ngelixa ngeentambo zobhedu ilahleko ingama-94%.

Iinkqubo zokucoca nokuhlola

Uthuli kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka zinokuchaphazela umgangatho wesiginali. Sebenzisa iiwipes ezingena-lint kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwezihlanganisi ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kusetyenziswa i-fiber scope, naluphi na ungcoliseko okanye umonakalo unokubonwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswayo.

Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye nezoLungiso-ngxaki

Yenza uvavanyo lwe-OTDR ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpazamo zinokufunyanwa ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokufakwa. Izixhobo ezizodwa zokusombulula iingxaki, ezifana neemitha zamandla, zinokuqinisekisa amandla esignali, ziqinisekise ilahleko encinci ngexesha lokudluliselwa.

Le ndlela yokuzilungisa igcina ixesha, inciphisa uxinzelelo, kwaye ithintela ukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu.

Imigangatho yoShishino kunye neziqinisekiso

Xa uthenga iintambo ze-fiber optic, imigangatho kunye neziqinisekiso zoshishino zinokuba zizikhokelo eziluncedo ekufuneka zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho, ukuhambelana, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko. Izikhokelo kunye nemigangatho yazo engqongqo ibonelela ngemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya ukuthembeka, ukusebenza, kunye nomgangatho weentambo. Oku kuzenza zibe zibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na ingcali okanye umbutho.

Isishwankathelo seMigangatho ye-TIA/EIA

I-Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) kunye ne-Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) zimisele imigangatho esisiseko yeentambo ze-fiber optic. Le migangatho yeshishini inika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zeentlobo zeentambo, iindlela zokufakela, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Umzekelo, umgangatho we-Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance TIA/EIA-568, owamkelwe kwi-ANSI, usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zekhebula ezicwangcisiweyo. Lo mgangatho uqinisekisa ukufana nokuqikelelwa kuyilo kunye nokufakwa. Ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho kunceda ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokuhambelana kuzo zonke izixhobo kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iingxaki ezinkulu kwinkqubo.

Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa usebenza kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo okanye xa uzisa iintambo ezintsha kwisiseko esisele sikhona.

Imigaqo yokuthobela imithetho nokhuseleko

Imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho igubungela izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yokwakha iintambo ze-fiber optic. Iintambo ezisetyenziswa kufakelo lwangaphakathi kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokumelana nomlilo.

E-US, kufuneka bahlangabezane ne-NEC (National Electrical Code) yokukhutshwa komsi. Oku kwandisa ukhuseleko kwiimeko eziyingozi ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezivalekileyo. Ukumelana ne-UV kunye nokuthintela amanzi ngokuqinisekileyo kuyafuneka kwiintambo zangaphandle, ukukhusela intambo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.

Ukulandela le migaqo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni abasebenzisi kunye neziseko zophuhliso ngokufanayo kwaye ke ngoko akufanele kuxoxwe, nokuba kukwiprojekthi ebalaseleyo.

Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lweQela lesithathu

Uvavanyo lwethu lomntu wesithathu luqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zethu ze-fiber optic azifikeleli nje kuphela, kodwa zidlula imigangatho yoshishino.

Imibutho ene-Fiber Optic Association (FOA) iyadingeka ukunceda ekukhuthazeni le ndima. Izatifikethi ze-FOA ziphuhliswe ziingcali ezinamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, kwaye ezi zatifikethi zisemgangathweni ophezulu.

Yamkelwa ngokubanzi

Ngaphezulu kwama-90% oshishino ayamkela iziqinisekiso ezifana ne-CFOT kunye ne-CFOS, eziquka iimviwo ezibhaliweyo nezisebenzayo. Konke oku kongeza kwiingcali eziqinisekisiweyo phantsi kwenkqubo ezibonelela ngeziphumo ezithembekileyo nezihambelanayo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ikamva Lotyalo-mali Lwakho Lwefayibha

Ukukhusela utyalo-mali lwakho lwefayibha kwixesha elizayo ngokuyintloko kuxhomekeke ekuthembekeni nasekusebenzeni kwexesha elide. Ngokuqwalasela ulwandiso lwexesha elizayo kunye neemfuno ngexesha lesigaba sokucwangcisa, ungaphepha utyalo-mali olutsha oluphazamisayo nolubizayo kunye nexesha elilahlekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka konxibelelwano olubalulekileyo olukhawulezayo.

Ngocwangciso olupheleleyo olusebenzayo, ungakhetha ngokuthembekileyo iintambo ezinokukwazi ukumelana nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yexesha elizayo kunye nokwandisa iimfuno zebandwidth.

Ukwanda kweemfuno zexesha elizayo

Xa ukhetha iintambo ze-fiber optic, ukukhulisa amandla okusebenza kufanele kube yeyona nto iphambili kuwe. Iinethiwekhi ezinoxinano olukhulu kunye neemfuno zedatha ezikhulayo zifuna iintambo ezinokunceda ekukhuleni ngelixa zisusa isidingo sokutshintshwa okuqhubekayo.

Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-wavelength multiplexing endaweni yokongeza iifayibha kuvumela amazinga aphezulu okudlulisela afana ne-40G okanye i-100G kwiintambo ezikhoyo, oko konga ixesha kunye neendleko. Ezinye iindlela, ezifana ne-OM5 wideband multimode fiber (WBMMF), ziyandisa kakhulu isikali.

Zivumela ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-SWDM4 kwaye ziyahambelana ngasemva ne-OM3 kunye ne-OM4 duplex MMF ekhoyo. Khetha iintambo ezithatha indawo encinci ngezihlanganisi ezincinci, ezifana nesihlanganisi seCorning/Senko CS. Esi sigqibo sikhethekileyo siqinisekisa indawo kwixesha elizayo kwiinethiwekhi ezixineneyo ezisebenza kwi-200G okanye kwi-400G.

Ukuphucula Iindlela kunye nokuhambelana

Ukukhusela kwixesha elizayo kuquka ukushiya indawo yokuphucula iindlela kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana. Iifayibha ze-singlemode kunye ne-multimode zineenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ububanzi be-core kunye neenkcukacha ze-cladding zibaluleke ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwazo.

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano nezixhobo zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Ukuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo akusiyo nje indlela entle yokusebenza ngentambo, kodwa ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yenkqubo.

Enyanisweni, ukupheliswa kakubi kubangelwa phantse yi-40% yokufakelwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni inethiwekhi ingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye itshintshe indlela esetyenziswa ngayo.

Iiteknoloji Ezisakhasayo kunye Neendlela Ezisetyenziswayo

Ukuhlala phambili kuthetha ukuqwalasela ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Ukufikelela kwizakhono zemveliso eziphambili, ezifana nemigca yemveliso eli-13 ebonelela ngemveliso ehamba phambili kushishino, kuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokufumaneka kwenethiwekhi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinto ezinje nge-WBMMF kunye nokutshintsha uyilo lwezixhumi kunceda ekuqinisekiseni utyalo-mali lwakho kwixesha elizayo.

Isiphelo

Intambo ye-fiber optic efanelekileyo iya kunceda kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Fumanisa ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuwe Into yokuqala kuqala—chonga ukuba zeziphi izinto eziza kuqala kuwe. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, uyakwazi ukukhetha isisombululo esihambelana kakuhle neenjongo zakho zizonke. Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele Iintambo ze-fiber optic—ezinqunyiweyo, ezinganyangekiyo kumswakama kunye neempuku—azithintelwa ziimeko zangaphandle, isantya sisitshixo sotyalo-mali lweziseko zophuhliso lwexesha elide.

Musa ukungxama kwenkqubo, zinike ixesha lokuqwalasela iimfuno zakho ezikhethekileyo kwaye ukhethe intambo efanelekileyo efanela zona, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokufakela. Ukucwangcisa okuncinci kwasekuqaleni kuya kukunceda uphephe ukuchitha ixesha nemali ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuba ujonge ukuthenga intambo ye-fiber optic, hamba ngaphaya kwesikhokelo sethu kwaye ufumane ababoneleli abagunyazisiweyo nabahloniphekileyo okanye uthethe neengcali eziziingcali kuzo. I-Fiber optics ikunceda uhlale uqhagamshelwe namhlanje ngelixa uvula umnyango wokufumana into enokwenzeka ngomso.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Zithini iingenelo zokusebenzisa iintambo ze-fiber optic kuneentambo zemveli?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zibonelela ngesantya, ububanzi bomda, kunye nokuthembeka okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezo zifumaneka kwiintambo zobhedu. Azinawo amandla okufikelela kwi-EMI kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhambisa idatha kwii-bandwidth eziphezulu kumgama omde kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Oku kwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngokupheleleyo kwiinethiwekhi zanamhlanje ezisebenza kakhulu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweentambo ze-fiber optic ze-single-mode kunye ne-multimode?

Iintambo zemowudi enye, ezinee-cores zazo ezincinci kakhulu, zingcono kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha kumgama omde. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iintambo zemowudi ezininzi zilungele umgama omfutshane ngenxa ye-core yazo enkulu. I-fiber yemowudi enye ilungele unxibelelwano lomgama omde, ngelixa i-fiber yemowudi ezininzi idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi zengingqi (ii-LAN).

Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka ndiziqwalasele xa ndikhetha iintambo ze-fiber optic?

Ezinye zezona ziphambili ziimfuno ze-bandwidth, umgama wokudluliselwa, indawo esingqongileyo, kunye neentlobo zezihlanganisi. Njengesilumkiso, soloko uzama ukukhetha uhlobo lwentambo olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zenethiwekhi yakho ukuze usebenze kakuhle kwaye uhlale ixesha elide.

Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zikuchaphazela njani ukukhethwa kweentambo?

Izinto ezikwimeko-bume ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma kunye nokuvezwa yi-UV zonke zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwiintambo ze-fiber optic. Ukuba uzisebenzisa ngaphandle, khetha iintambo ezineengubo zokukhusela ezongezelelweyo okanye ukuthintela amanzi ukuze uzikhusele kwizinto ukuze usebenze ngokuthembekileyo.

Zeziphi izihlanganisi ze-fiber optic eziqhelekileyo?

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka izihlanganisi ze-LC, SC, ST, kunye ne-MTP/MPO. Isigqibo sakho siya kusekelwa kuyilo lwenethiwekhi yakho kunye noko kuhambelana nezixhobo zakho zenethiwekhi. Izihlanganisi ze-LC zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokonga indawo, ngelixa izihlanganisi ze-SC zaziwa ngokuqina kwazo.

Zeziphi iinkcukacha zokusebenza eziphambili ekufuneka zijongwe?

Cinga ngeempawu ezifana nobubanzi obuphambili, umlinganiselo wokunciphisa amandla ombane, umthamo we-bandwidth, kunye nomgama ophezulu wokudluliselwa. Ezi nkcukacha zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kwedatha yentambo kunye nomthamo wayo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zenethiwekhi yakho.

Ndingaluqinisekisa njani utyalo-mali lwam lwe-fiber optic kwixesha elizayo?

Khetha iintambo ezihlala ixesha elide ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-bandwidth zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Khetha iindlela ezinokwandiswa, njengeentambo ze-fiber optic ezinomthamo omkhulu. Qinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana okanye ziyadlula imigangatho yeshishini eyamkelekileyo ukuze zikwazi ukuzikhusela kwixesha elizayo njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokutshintsha.