Insinga y'umugozi wa fiber optique ni ingenzi mu kohereza ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Itanga ingufu mu kohereza amakuru vuba kandi neza mu buryo bwihuse ku moko yose y'itumanaho.

Imiterere y'ibiri mu mutima w'iki gikoresho, ubusanzwe ikirahure cyangwa pulasitiki bifite isuku nyinshi, bigira uruhare runini mu kugena ubwiza bw'amajwi n'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru neza.

Ubugari bw'umurambararo w'umuyoboro wa fibre bugira uruhare runini mu mikorere. Imiyoboro ya fibre imwe ni myiza cyane mu mikorere y'intera ndende, ifite bandwidth nyinshi, kandi imiyoboro ya fibre nyinshi ikora neza mu ntera ngufi.

Ibi byose birashoboka binyuze mu kugaragara kw'imbere mu buryo bwose, bibaho hamwe n'itandukaniro ry'icyerekezo cyo kugaragara hagati y'imbere n'icyumba cyo gupfuka. Ubu buryo butuma ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kiba cyiza kandi kikaba gito.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gufata, gushyiraho no gukoresha neza ibikoresho nko guhuza no guhuza ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ubwiza bw'amajwi no kwirinda kwangirika.

Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze ririmo gutuma insinga za fiber optique zirushaho kwiyongera. Gukoresha ibikoresho n'ibishushanyo mbonera byiyongera gake cyane biri kongera imikorere n'ubwizigirwa bwabyo.

Ishingiro rya insinga ya fibre optique ni igice aho ibimenyetso by'urumuri binyura. Ni igice cyo hagati cyoroshye kandi gihamye kandi cyemerera kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende kandi yihuta. Kigizwe n'ibirahure cyangwa pulasitiki, igice cyo hagati cyohereza urumuri imbere kandi cyakozwe kugira ngo gitware urwo rumuri neza cyane, kikarinda guhindagurika kw'ibimenyetso mu ntera iremereye.

Imigozi y’uburyo bumwe ifite umurambararo w’ibanze wa mikoroni zigera kuri 8. Ugereranije, imigozi y’uburyo bwinshi buri imwe iri hagati ya mikoroni 50 na 62.5, buri ngano ikaba ijyanye n’ibikenewe byihariye. Uduce dukingira dufite igipfundikizo gikikije igice cy’imbere dufasha kwirinda kwangirika no gutanga umusaruro wizewe ndetse no mu bidukikije bikomeye cyane.

Byaba biboneka mu itumanaho cyangwa mu bikorwa remezo bya internet ya fiber optique, cyangwa mu gikoresho gifata amashusho mu buvuzi, nka CT scanner, igice cy'imbere ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo wihutishe itumanaho. Menya imiterere n'imikorere yacyo kugira ngo uhitemo insinga nziza kuri porogaramu yawe.

Igikoresho cya Fiber Optic Core ni iki?

Imbere ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cya fibre optique. Ikora nk'inzira nyayo ibimenyetso by'urumuri binyuramo, bityo ikajyana amakuru hagati y'isoko ry'urumuri n'icyuma gikira urumuri. Iyi mbere, isanzwe ikorwa muri silica cyangwa pulasitiki, yatoranijwe kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufata ikimenyetso cy'umurambararo munini nta kugabanya cyangwa kubangamira cyane.

Ku bintu bimwe na bimwe, ibikoresho byabugenewe nka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cyangwa polycarbonate birakoreshwa, nk'uko bigaragara muri fibre optique ya pulasitiki (POF). Ibi bikoresho byakozwe mu buryo bwa technique bigumana imiterere y'imbere y'umubiri mu buryo bworoshye cyane kandi bushobora koroha cyane mu gihe bihangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gukora.

1. Sobanura umugozi wa Fiber Optic

Insinga ya fibre optique igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: igice cy'imbere, igipfundikizo, n'ikoti. Igice cy'imbere, kiri hagati muri fibre, ni cyo cyohereza ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Igipfundikizo kizenguruka igice cy'imbere hanyuma kigasubiza urumuri muri cyo.

Ikoti ryo hanze ritanga uburambe n'uburinzi byiyongeraho. Ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe z'umuringa, fibre optique ni nziza mu muvuduko wo kohereza amakuru, kwiyongera k'umurongo w'itumanaho, na EMI (interference electromagnetic).

2. Imirimo y'ibanze ya Core

Imbere y'urumuri inyura muri fibre nta gihombo kinini cyane. Ikoresha TIR — reflection y'imbere yose — kugira ngo irinde ibimenyetso byayo byose gusohoka. Imiterere yayo, harimo n'ingano y'imbere ya fibre optique, igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yayo.

Imigozi ya "single-mode" ifite ibice bito, bigera kuri santimetero 35, ibi bikaba ari byiza cyane mu kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibice bya "multimode" bifite ibice binini cyane, bigera kuri santimetero 32, bigatuma bitwara urumuri rwinshi mu ntera ngufi.

3. Aho insinga ziherereye mu miterere y'insinga

Hagati muri fibre optique medium, igice cy'imbere gikorana n'igipfundikizo kugira ngo ibimenyetso by'urumuri bikomeze gutera imbere, bigabanye igihombo. Aho giherereye bivuze ko nta gihombo kinini cy'ibimenyetso bihari kandi ko nta musaruro mwiza cyane ugaragara mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Imiterere y'Insinga ya Fiber Optic

Insinga za fibre optique zikozwe neza cyane zifite ibice bitanu by'ingenzi: igice cy'imbere, igipfundikizo, igitambaro, insinga zikomeza, n'ikoti ryo hanze. Kuva ku bice byazo bikomeye kugeza ku bushobozi bwazo bunini, buri gice gikora neza, kandi kiramba ku musaruro wa kimwe mu nsinga za fibre optique.

Ibi bice bikorana mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo byorohereze ihererekanyamakuru ry’intambwe ndende kandi rishingiye ku mucyo. Ubu buryo butagira igihombo ni bwo butandukanya fibre optique n’insinga zisanzwe z’amashanyarazi, zikoresha amashanyarazi ashobora guhungabana byoroshye.

Imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi

Igice cy'imbere ni igice cy'imbere cy'insinga ya fibre optique, cyagenewe by'umwihariko gutwara ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Insinga ya fibre optique isanzwe ikorwa mu kirahuri cyuzuye cyangwa pulasitiki yo hejuru.

Imiyoboro y'ikirahure, ikorwa cyane cyane muri silicon dioxide (SiO2), ikundwa cyane kubera ko isobanutse neza kandi ikaba idafite ibimenyetso byinshi. Imiyoboro y'ikirahure isanzwe ifite umurambararo wa mikoroni 8 kugeza ku 10. Ku rundi ruhande, imiyoboro y'ikirahure ifite imiyoboro minini cyane iri hagati ya mikoroni 50 na 62.5.

Umwanda mu isuku y'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y'urumuri rushobora koherezwa, gukwirakwira cyangwa gukurura urumuri bityo bigatera ingaruka mbi ku mikorere rusange ya sisitemu.

Gusobanura uburyo bwo gupfuka

Igipfundikizo gikikije igice cy’imbere ni umuraba ukozwe mu bikoresho bifite igipimo cyo kurekurana kiri hasi gato. Iri tandukaniro rituma urumuri rugaragara neza, bigatuma ibimenyetso by’urumuri biguma mu gice cy’imbere.

Urugero, igice cy’imbere gikoreshwa cyane cyaba gifite igipimo cyo kurekura cya 1.48 mu gihe igipfunyika cyaba gifite igipimo cya 1.46. Iyi miterere irinda fibre gutakaza ikimenyetso kandi ikanatuma amakuru ahora ari meza.

Intego yo gusiga buffer

Ifu irinda fibre kwangirika ku buryo bufatika nko gushwanyagurika cyangwa kwangirika. Ubusanzwe ikorwa mu bikoresho bya polymer nka acrylate, ifu iha fibre ikintu cy'ingirakamaro: koroherana no gukomera.

Ubwinshi bw'ibice byo gusiga buratandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku buryo byoroshye gukoresha fibre. Ubwinshi bw'ibice bito butuma birushaho kuba bito, mu gihe ibinini bitanga uburinzi bwiza bwa mekanike.

Uburinzi bw'ikoti ryo hanze

Ikoti ryo hanze ririnda ibintu by'ingenzi by'imbere mu kirere ririnda ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije nko guhumeka cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Amakoti atandukanye mu bwoko, afite agaciro ka plenum mu kirere cyo mu nzu, afite agaciro ka riser mu gushyiraho ahantu hahagaze, afite agaciro ka LSZH (halogen yoroheje y'umwotsi) mu kurinda umutekano, n'amakoti yo hanze mu kurinda ikirere.

Ibikoresho nka polyethylene birushaho kuramba, bigatuma umuntu ahora yizewe ndetse no mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Uruhare rwa Core mu Kohereza Amakuru

Imbere y'umugozi wa fibre optique ni umutima w'umugozi kandi ni cyo gituma amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo bwihuse. Imbere y'umugozi iyobora ibimenyetso byose by'urumuri, imbera igenzura ko amakuru agenda neza mu ntera ndende.

Umurambararo w'insinga n'ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane. Izi miterere zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bwayo bwo gukora amakuru ku ngufu nke no ku buryo bworoshye. Mu migozi imwe, umurambararo w'ibanze ni mikoroni 8 kugeza 10. Zikunze kuba nziza cyane mu itumanaho ryihuse kandi rikora intera ndende, ibyo bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu itumanaho.

Fibre za Multimode zifite umurambararo munini cyane, kuva kuri mikoroni 50 kugeza kuri 62.5. Zohereza mu buryo butandukanye bw'urumuri, zikongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakuru mu ntera ngufi, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro y'aho hantu.

Amahame agenga ihererekanywa ry'urumuri

Igitekerezo cy'uko urumuri runyura mu gice cy'imbere gishingiye ku gitekerezo cyo kugaragara neza kw'imbere. Iyi nzira iranga ituma ibimenyetso by'urumuri bidasohoka hanze y'igice cy'imbere cya fibre, bityo bigatuma hatabaho igihombo kinini cyangwa nta kimenyetso na kimwe.

Ku rundi ruhande, imigozi y’uburyo bumwe, umurambararo wemerera uburyo bumwe gusa bw’urumuri gukwirakwira, bigabanya gukwirakwira no kongera umuvuduko mu ntera ndende. Imigozi y’uburyo bwinshi yemerera uburyo bwinshi, cyangwa inzira, urumuri runyuramo, ibyo byongera ubushobozi.

Ariko, hatabayeho gutekereza ku gishushanyo mbonera gikwiye, ibi bishobora gutuma habaho gukwirakwira kw'imirongo, bigahagarika ikoreshwa ryayo mu gihe gito.

Isuzuma ry'imbere ryose

Iki kintu, kizwi nka "total internal reflection", cyashobotse kubera itandukaniro riri hagati y'igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri n'igipfundikizo. Ibi bituma ibimenyetso by'urumuri biguma imbere mu gipfundikizo, bikongera ubushobozi mu kohereza kwabyo.

Fibres zakozwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'ibanze bigabanya umuvuduko wo kugabanya umuvuduko, akenshi uri munsi ya 0.2 dB kuri kilometero kuri 1550 nm, bigatuma imikorere y'intera ndende irushaho kuba myiza.

Kubungabunga Ubuziranenge bw'Ibirango

Ubuziranenge bw'amajwi ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane ku muvuduko wo hejuru. Imiterere y'umubiri nk'ingufu zo hanze no kugonga bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere.

Imiterere y’inkingi yo ku rwego rwo hejuru igabanya igihombo cy’inkingi kandi ikerekana ko ari ingirakamaro uko igihe kigenda gihita, ndetse n’ibikoresho bikenerwa cyane nko mu makabati yo gusimbuza ibikoresho.

Uburyo bumwe ugereranije na Cores nyinshi

Uko abantu benshi n'ibikoresho bikenera kohereza amakuru byizewe kandi byihuta, insinga za fiber optique zirushaho kuba ingenzi. Insinga za mode imwe n'izikoresha uburyo bwinshi zihura n'ibyo zikeneye byihariye. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'izi nsinga ebyiri riterwa n'imiterere yazo, imikorere yazo, n'ikoreshwa ryazo.

Itandukaniro ry'umurambararo w'ibanze

Umurambararo w'imbere ufite ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo imiyoboro itwara urumuri. Imiyoboro y'imbere ifite umurambararo muto, munsi ya santimetero 0.0004, cyangwa mikoroni 10 z'umurambararo. Iyi miterere yemerera uburebure bw'urumuri rumwe gusa kohereza urumuri.

Iyi miterere iboneye igabanya gukwirakwira k'urumuri, bigatuma rukwiriye itumanaho ryambukiranya igihugu. Imigozi y'uburyo bwinshi ifite ibice binini bya santimetero 50 cyangwa birenga. Iyi miterere yemerera uburyo bwinshi bw'urumuri gucamo icyarimwe.

Nubwo iyi miterere yemerera ubukana bw'urumuri bwinshi cyane, ituma habaho gukwirakwira cyane mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bikagabanya intera n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

Ubunini bw'umuyoboro n'ubushobozi bwo kure

Fibre zo mu bwoko bumwe zifite igice gito cyane cy’imbere gituma habaho umuvuduko wo hejuru w’itumanaho. Zituma zigera kure, aho zitwara itumanaho zigera kuri kilometero 200. Ubu bwiza butuma ibice byazo bya fibre biba ingirakamaro cyane ku bijyanye n’itumanaho no gukoresha interineti.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, insinga za multi-mode ni nziza cyane mu gukoresha intera ngufi. Zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 5, ibi bikaba ari byiza cyane mu gukoresha ikigo cy’amakuru n’imiyoboro ya kaminuza/metro.

Urugero rwiza ni uko fibre ya single-mode yari amahitamo meza yo guhuza imijyi mu gihe fibre ya multi-mode ikora neza ku mpande zombi z’ibiro.

Imikoreshereze y'Ikoreshwa ry'Iporogaramu

Fiber y'uburyo bumwe: Itumanaho, televiziyo ya cable, imiyoboro y'itumanaho rirerire.

Fiber y'uburyo bwinshi: Imiyoboro ya kaminuza, ibigo by'amakuru, LAN z'ibigo.

Inganda nk'ubuvuzi, uburezi n'imari byazamutse cyane muri ubu buryo. Butuma habaho itumanaho ryihuse, ritekanye kandi ryihuse.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibanze

Imikorere y'umuyoboro wa fiber optique iterwa n'imiterere, ubwiza bw'ibikoresho, n'imiterere y'ibidukikije. Buri kimwe muri ibi bintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso n'imikorere y'igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka z'umurambararo w'ibanze

Umwanya w'imbere ufite ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo n'aho ibimenyetso by'urumuri binyura muri fibre. Uduce twagutse nk'utwo dusanga muri fibre za multimode twemerera fibre gushyigikira inzira nyinshi z'urumuri.

Ariko, zihura n’ikibazo cyo gukwirakwira kw’amajwi mu buryo bwa modal, bishobora kugabanya ubwumvikane bw’amajwi yazo mu ntera nini. Uduce duto dusanzweho tw’imigozi imwe. Twemerera gukwirakwira kw’amajwi neza cyane kandi nta gukwirakwira cyangwa gushya cyane, bigatuma aba meza cyane mu gukoresha intera ndende kandi yihuta cyane.

Kudahuza neza kw'umurambararo w'imbere bituma ikimenyetso kibura ku ngingo z'urukiramende. Umucyo ugorana kwimura ujya mu migozi ifite ibice binini cyangwa bito. Mu miyoboro aho guhuza ibyuma bikenera, uku kudahuza nk'uko bitera gutakaza kwinjizwamo. Ibi bivamo no kutumvikana kose ku ruhande cyangwa ku ruhande.

Ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibintu

Mu kubaka igice cy'imbere, gukoresha ibikoresho bifite isuku nyinshi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ikimenyetso. Imyanda iyo ari yo yose iri mu gice cy'imbere cy'umunyu ishobora gukwirakwiza cyangwa gukurura urumuri, bigatuma urumuri rugabanuka.

Gushyira umwuka mu kirere, ni bumwe mu buryo bugezweho bwo gukora ibintu, butuma ibintu byose biba byiza kandi bihuye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bituma igihombo cy’ibice binini bigabanuka kikagera munsi ya 1%.

Ubu buryo bwo kwihanganira amakosa ni ingenzi mu bikorwa aho gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo amakuru ari ngombwa cyane, harimo n'ibigo by'amakuru bifite ubucucike bwinshi.

Ibintu bihungabanya ibidukikije

Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije nk’ubushyuhe bukabije, ubushuhe, n’imihangayiko y’umubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku busugire bwa fibre. Urugero, ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutuma insinga yaguka ikagabanuka.

Ubushuhe bushobora kwinjira bunyuze mu nsinga zitashyizweho neza zikagabanya cyangwa zikagabanya imikorere. Ingamba zo kurinda, nko gusiga irangi ryiza n'udukingirizo tw'udukingirizo, birinda udukingirizo ibi bitera imbaraga kandi bigatanga uburambe.

Inganda n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge

Insinga za fibre optique ni ibintu bigoye cyane byakozwe kugira ngo amakuru ashyirwe mu bikorwa neza ariko imikorere yuzuye ishingiye ku buziranenge bw'imirongo yazo. Imirongo yayo, yubatswe muri silicon dioxide nziza, ni ingenzi mu gutwara ibimenyetso by'urumuri nta gihombo kinini cyangwa nta n'umwe uhomba. Gukora izi mirongo bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe zisaba ibisubizo bishya n'igenzura rikomeye ry'ubuziranenge kugira ngo harebwe ko inganda zikurikiza amategeko kandi zigakora neza.

Imbogamizi z'Umusaruro w'Ingenzi

Gukora ibice by'imbere bya fibre optique bisaba gutungana cyane. Imyanda iyo ari yo yose muri SiO2 bishobora gutera igihombo cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ibimenyetso, bigatuma ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho biba ikintu cy'ingenzi. Kubera ihindagurika ry'uburyo bwo gukora, uburebure bw'umurambararo butaringaniye bushobora gutera.

Kudahuza mu gukurura fibre no kunanirwa kugumana ubushyuhe ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare rutaziguye mu mikorere. Urugero, uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ibanze budahuza, butuma habaho kwiyongera gukomeye mu kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru.

Kugira ngo bagabanye ibi bibazo, abakora ibikoresho barimo gukoresha uburyo bushya nko gushyira umwuka mu kirere kugira ngo banoze uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo. Udushya nk'ikoranabuhanga rya Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) twongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakuru, binongera umusaruro. Gukoresha ibice by'icyuma kitagira umugese mu miterere y'insinga byongera kuramba no kwizerwa kw'igihe kirekire kwa sisitemu.

Uburyo bwo gupima no kwemeza

Gusuzuma byimbitse ibice bya fiber optique ku giti cyabyo ni ingenzi kugira ngo bigere ku bipimo by’imikorere byashyizweho. Ibipimo birimo kugabanya umuvuduko, bandwidth, n’ikigereranyo cy’urusaku bipimwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho birimo reflectometers z’igihe cya optique (OTDR).

Sisitemu zigezweho zikora ku buryo bwikora zirushaho koroshya isuzuma, zigatuma amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda akurikizwa.

Iyubahirizwa ry'Amahame y'Inganda

Mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, imiryango nka ANSI na ITU-T ishyiraho amahame ngenderwaho yo gushushanya no gukora fibre optique. Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ryemeza imikorere, ubuziranenge, n’uburyo bwo guhinduranya porogaramu.

Amahame ashyigikira udushya kandi agafasha inganda kugera ku bishushanyo mbonera biramba, byoroheje kandi binoze.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho

Kubera ko ari ibice byoroheje kandi bihenze, insinga za fibre optique zigomba gushyirwaho hagamijwe kureba ku rwego rwo hejuru no gukora neza kugira ngo zirusheho gutanga imikorere myiza no kuramba. Gushyiramo neza birinda ibintu kwangirika mu gihe bigabanya ibura ry'amakuru, kugira ngo bifashe gutanga umuyoboro wihuse kandi mwiza.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana kugira ngo FTTH ishyirwe mu bikorwa neza.

Uburyo bwo guhuza

Ni ngombwa ko ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso ari ingenzi, kandi guhuza bigira uruhare runini muri ibyo. Ubuhanga bushya nka epoxy na polish, connectors za kera zikozwe neza, no guhuza ibyuma byamaze kuba ibisanzwe. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite intego runaka, aho epoxy na polish bitanga ubuziranenge buhanitse, mu gihe gukoresha connectors za kera bikozwe neza bituma habaho kwihuta mu gushyiraho.

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibyuma Guhuza ibyuma bya fusion, bikunze gukoreshwa mu guhuza ibyuma bihoraho, bituma habaho igihombo gito gishoboka cy'ikimenyetso. Ibihuza bisanzwe, nka SC, LC, na ST, bitoranywa hakurikijwe ikoreshwa. Gusukura no guhuza ibyuma muri iki gikorwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe igihombo icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ikimenyetso.

Uburyo bwo Gushyiramo Ingano

Guhuza insinga za fibre optique, kandi hari ubwoko bubiri busanzwe bw'uburyo bwo guhuza insinga, guhuza insinga za mechanical na guhuza insinga. Guhuza insinga za mechanical, bihuza insinga n'intoki, ni amahitamo yo gushyiraho insinga by'agateganyo cyangwa gusana byihutirwa.

Guhuza imigozi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Fusion, bukoresha ubushyuhe kugira ngo buhuze imigozi, bitanga igihombo gito cy’amajwi, bigatuma ubu buryo buba amahitamo yo gushyiraho imigozi burundu. Kugira ngo urebe neza ko imigozi igezweho, kurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kuyishyiraho. Menya neza ko imigozi isukuye kandi urebe neza ukoresheje OTDR ifite insinga ndende yo kuyifungura.

Kugabanya igihombo n'ikwirakwira ry'ibintu

Impinduka mu murambararo wa fibre zitera igihombo cy'ibimenyetso no gukwirakwira kw'amajwi bigabanura imikorere. Kugira ngo ubigabanye, komeza umurongo wagenwe wo kugonga kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho byihariye byakozwe kugira ngo ugabanye ubukana bw'amajwi binyuze mu kohereza neza.

Igenzura rya buri gihe, gukoresha neza ikoranabuhanga no kuricunga neza, hamwe n'ibikoresho bigezweho nk'igikoresho cyo kumenya amakosa yo mu maso bituma byoroha kumenya no gusana amakosa vuba.

Udushya mu Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze

Dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya fiber optique, twiboneye iterambere ritangaje ryahinduye uburyo isi yacu yohereza amakuru ako kanya kandi ku buryo buhendutse ku isi yose. Iri shyashya rigamije ibikoresho, igishushanyo, n'inganda biganisha ku iterambere mu mikorere, kuramba, no mu buryo bwo kuyikoresha.

Hasi aha, turasobanura ibiri kuba muri izi mpinduka n'icyo bivuze.

Ubushakashatsi Buhanitse ku Bikoresho

Ubushakashatsi bukomeje ku bikoresho bishya kandi bikora neza cyane ku miterere ya fibre optique ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hakomeze guhanga udushya. Imiterere y'imitere y'imbere ifite ububobere ni intambwe ikomeye, ikoresha imitere y'imbere yuzuye umwuka cyangwa gazi aho gukoresha ikirahuri gisanzwe. Iyi miterere idasanzwe igabanya gukwirakwira k'urumuri bityo bigatuma umuvuduko n'ubuhanga birushaho kwiyongera.

Nk’ikoranabuhanga riri kuzamuka, imigozi myinshi irimo kwiyongera cyane mu gukundwa. Ishobora guhuza inzira nyinshi z’amakuru binyuze mu mugozi umwe, ikagabanya umwanya ukenewe kugeza kuri 75%. Ubwiza bw’iyi migozi ni uko ishyigikira kohereza amakuru mu buryo bubiri icyarimwe, bikoroshya cyane imikorere.

Iterambere rikomeje mu gukora ibikoresho bigabanya igipimo cyo kugabanya ubushobozi bw'itumanaho rirushaho kunoza imbaraga z'amajwi mu ntera ndende, bigatuma itumanaho ryihuse rihora ryizewe.

Kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubutumwa

Amateka y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’inyuma agira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza y’ihererekanyamakuru. Imigozi y’uburyo bumwe ifite ibice bito biyifasha kurabagirana mu ihererekanyamakuru ry’inkuru zigenda kure. Yibanda ku kugabanya igihombo cy’amajwi binyuze mu kuyobora urumuri ku muyoboro umwe w’amajwi.

Uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora imyenda burimo guhuza neza no gukoresha imiti igezweho mu gutunganya imigozi bigira uruhare mu gukora imigozi myiza. Ikoranabuhanga rya multicore rifite imikorere myiza cyane rigaragaza agaciro gake ko kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi no kubara insinga nke, ritanga ibisubizo nyabyo ku bushobozi bwo kongera umuyoboro w'itumanaho.

Amabwiriza y'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza

Impinduka zikomeje kugaragara nk'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ibice byinshi n'ibice bidafite aho bihuriye bifite ubushobozi bushimishije bwo guhindura ikoreshwa ry'itumanaho. Guhanga udushya ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ikwirakwizwa ry'amakuru ku isi mu buryo burambye.

Kwemeza ko ibimenyetso by'ibanga birinzwe

Kwizerwa kw'amajwi ni ingenzi cyane ku miyoboro yose ya fiber optique, kuko iyi miyoboro igomba gutanga serivisi zihuse zo gutanga amakuru nta guhagarara cyangwa kwangirika kwa serivisi. Dore ibintu bike byo gusuzuma, harimo ubwiza bw'ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gushyiraho, no gukomeza kubungabunga. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibibazo.

Kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibimenyetso

Kwangirika kw'ibimenyetso muri sisitemu ya fiber optique ni igihe ihererekanywa ry'urumuri muri fibre rigabanuka haba mu ntera cyangwa bitewe n'ibintu bitera imbaraga zo hanze. Gukoresha fibre optique ifite connectors nke kandi zikora neza bitanga imbaraga nyinshi z'urumuri rutangwa mu ntera ndende.

Kugenzura neza aho ushyiramo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kwiyongera. Imiterere y'ibidukikije nk'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe cyangwa kubura ubushuhe bishobora kwangiza ubwiza bw'amajwi. Kugira ngo ibi birwanywe, imigozi irinda imigozi cyangwa insinga zirinda umuriro hamwe n'ibihuza bifunze bishobora gufasha gukumira ibintu byangiza.

Gusana buri gihe nabyo ni ingenzi, kuko 90% by'ingufu zangiritse ziterwa no kwangirika cyangwa gusaza. Igenzura rigomba kuba rigamije gushaka aho rigoramye, aho ricitse, cyangwa ibindi bintu bidafite aho bihuriye bigira ingaruka ku buryo ikimenyetso kidakora neza.

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ingenzi

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibanze bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imikorere. Fibre zo mu bwoko bumwe zifite umurambararo wa core wa mikoroni 8–10. Ni nziza cyane ku buryo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse kuko zemerera urumuri rumwe gusa, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kubangamira.

Ibikoresho bya silica byuzuye bitanga ubuziranenge budasanzwe butuma amakuru yoherezwa kure cyane. By’umwihariko, ibice bya polymer birusha ikoreshwa ry’igihe gito, bigatuma birushaho kwihanganira imihangayiko itandukanye, harimo no gushyiraho no kurengera ibidukikije.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye biterwa n'ibyo buri muyoboro ukeneye, harimo umuvuduko, intera, n'imiterere y'imikorere iteganyijwe.

Uburyo Bukwiye bwo Gukoresha

Bityo rero, biragaragara ko gufata neza ishyirwa mu bikorwa no gukomeza kubungabunga ari ngombwa. Ntugapfundike insinga zirenze umurambararo wazo kandi ukoreshe fibre Bragg graters zikwirakwizwa kugira ngo upime uburemere.

Kurikiza aya mabwiriza:

Kora: Koresha uturindantoki two kwirinda, shyira insinga neza, kandi urebe neza aho zihagaze.

Ntukagire: Kura insinga ku ngufu, gufunga cyane udukingirizo, cyangwa gushyira ku bushyuhe.

Umwanzuro

Umuyoboro wa fiber optique ukora nk'ishingiro ryo kohereza amakuru vuba kandi byizewe. Byaba ubunini, ibikoresho, cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, buri gice cy'umuyoboro wa fiber optique bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko, ubushishozi, no gukora neza. Guhitamo ubwoko bw'umuyoboro wa internet bukwiye, gukurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyiraho, no kumenya ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bizagufasha kugera ku musaruro mwiza. Hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge n'udushya duhoraho, dukomeza gutera imbere cyane, umuyoboro wa fiber optique wabaye igice cy'ingenzi cy'itumanaho rigezweho.

Waba uteganya guhuza porogaramu mu buryo bwa nyuma cyangwa se mu gihugu hose, kumenya ibiri mu buryo bwo kwamamaza bizagufasha gufata amahitamo meza. Fiber optique ni siyansi ijyanye n'ubuhanga n'imikorere, kandi ingenzi ni yo shingiro ry'ubumenyi. Kugira ngo urebe ko habaho itumanaho ryihuse kandi ryizewe kandi amakuru atembera neza, ni byiza gushora imari mu shingiro rikwiye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gikubiye mu mutima w'insinga ya fiber optique?

Igice cy'imbere ni ikirahure gito, kiri hagati cyangwa umugozi wa pulasitiki w'insinga ya fibre optique. Ni igice cy'insinga ya fibre optique gitwara ibimenyetso by'urumuri kugira ngo cyohereze amakuru. Ubwiza n'ingano y'igice cy'imbere ni ingenzi mu gutuma amakuru menshi ahererekanywa neza.

Ni gute ingenzi igira ingaruka ku ihererekanya ry'amakuru?

Imbere ikora nk'uburyo urumuri runyuramo kugira ngo rwohereze amakuru. Uko imbere irushaho kuba nziza kandi ihamye, niko amakuru ashobora koherezwa vuba kandi mu buryo bwizewe binyuze mu migozi nta gutakaza amakuru cyangwa kubangamira amakuru cyane.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya cores za mode imwe n'izikoresha mode nyinshi?

Amashusho y’uburyo bumwe akora urumuri rumwe rusohoka, ni magufi (agera kuri mikoroni 8-10) kandi akwiriye cyane intera ndende. Amashusho y’uburyo bwinshi atanga amashusho manini (mikoroni 50-62.5) kandi akoreshwa mu ntera ngufi ifite umurambararo munini.

Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya fiber optique core?

Imikorere y'ibanze iterwa n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho, isuku, ubuziranenge bw'umurambararo w'inkingi, n'uburyo bishyirwa mu muyoboro w'insinga. Ndetse n'ibintu byo hanze, nko iyo insinga igonze cyangwa irambuye mu gihe ikoreshwa, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere.

Ni gute ubuziranenge bw'ibanze bugenzurwa mu gihe cyo gukora?

Abakora ibikoresho bishingikiriza ku minara igezweho yo gushushanya fibre kugira ngo bigenzure neza uburebure bw'umurambararo w'imbere, ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho, n'ubuziranenge bw'impinduka za kristu. Isuzuma rikomeye rituma habaho imikorere ihamye kandi rikubahiriza amahame ya ANSI/TIA.

Ese gushyiraho nabi bishobora kwangiza core ya fiber optique?

Yego. Gupfukama cyane cyangwa gushyira igitutu ku mutima w'insinga ya fiber optique mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho bishobora gusenya cyangwa guhindura imiterere y'umutima, bigatuma ikimenyetso kibura cyangwa kidakora neza. Gukurikiza amabwiriza meza ni ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bishya bigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga rya fiber optic core?

Mu iterambere riherutse gukorwa harimo uduce duto tudakunda guhindagurika, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha interineti mu buryo buhanitse, n'ibikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije. Ubu bushya bwibanda ku kongera igihe kirekire, imikorere myiza, no gukomeza kubaho. Bikwiriye cyane imiyoboro y'amakuru ikomeje kwaguka muri iki gihe.