Ingqikithi yekhebula le-fiber optic iyisici esibalulekile ekudluliseni izimpawu zokukhanya. Iphehla ukudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo nangokusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi okuxhumana.

Ukwakheka kwezinto ezingaphakathi, ngokuvamile ingilazi noma ipulasitiki ehlanzekile kakhulu, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yesiginali kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa.

Ububanzi bomgogodla wefayibha budlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni. Imicu yemodi eyodwa iphakeme kakhulu ezimweni zebanga elide, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, futhi imicu yemodi eminingi isebenza kangcono emabangeni amafushane.

Konke lokhu kungenzeka ngokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele, okwenzeka ngomehluko wenkomba yokukhanya phakathi kwe-core kanye ne-cladding. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali ephezulu kanye nokulahleka okuphansi.

Ukuphathwa kahle, ukufakwa kanye namasu anjengokuxhumanisa nokuxhuma kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ikhwalithi ephezulu yesiginali kanye nokugwema umonakalo.

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko iqhubekisela phambili izintambo ze-fiber optic. Ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemiklamo okungavamile ukubonwa ngaphambili kukhulisa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuthembeka kwazo.

Ingqikithi ye ikhebula le-fiber optic yisigaba lapho izimpawu zokukhanya zidlula khona. Siyingxenye ephakathi eguquguqukayo, eqinile evumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okude, okusheshayo. Njengoba sakhiwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki, ingaphakathi lidlulisela ukukhanya ngaphakathi futhi lenzelwe ukuthwala lokho kukhanya ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu, kuvimbele ukuphambuka kwezibonakaliso ebangeni elide.

Imicu yemodi eyodwa inobubanzi obuyi-core obungaba ama-micron angu-8. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imicu yemodi eminingi iphakathi kwama-micron angu-50 no-62.5 ngayinye, ubukhulu ngabunye buhlelwe ngokwezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Izendlalelo zokuvikela ezinezimbozo ezizungeze i-core zisiza ukuvimbela ukuphuka futhi zilethe ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho nasezindaweni eziqinile kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi itholakala kwezokuxhumana noma kwingqalasizinda ye-inthanethi ye-fiber optic, noma kudivayisi yezithombe zezokwelapha, njengesithwebuli se-CT, ingqikithi ibalulekile ekuxhumekeni okusheshayo. Yazi isakhiwo sayo kanye nomsebenzi wayo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele kakhulu uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Iyini i-Fiber Optic Core?

Ingqikithi iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhebula le-fiber optic. Isebenza njengomhubhe wangempela lapho izimpawu zokukhanya zihamba khona, ngaleyo ndlela idlulisa idatha phakathi komthombo wokukhanya kanye nomemukeli. Le ngqikithi, ngokuvamile eyenziwe nge-silica noma ipulasitiki, ikhethwa ngenxa yekhono layo lokubamba isignali ye-bandwidth ephezulu ngokunciphisa okuncane noma ukuphazamiseka.

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kusetshenziswa ezinye izinto ezifana ne-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) noma i-polycarbonate, njengoba kubonakala kuma-fiber optical epulasitiki (POF). Lezi zinto eziklanywe ngobunjiniyela zigcina isakhiwo senhliziyo esincanyana kakhulu nesiguquguqukayo njengoba sibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza.

1. Chaza ikhebula le-Fiber Optic

Ikhebula le-fiber optic liqukethe izendlalelo ezintathu eziyinhloko: umgogodla, i-cladding, kanye nejakhethi. Umgogodla, ophakathi kwe-fiber, yiwona odlulisela izimpawu zokukhanya. I-cladding izungeza umgogodla bese ibuyisela ukukhanya kuwo.

Ijazi langaphandle linikeza ukuqina okwengeziwe kanye nokuvikelwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi zendabuko, ama-fiber optics angcono kakhulu ngesivinini sokudlulisa idatha, i-bandwidth eyandisiwe, kanye ne-EMI (ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic).

2. Umsebenzi Oyinhloko KaCore

Ingaphakathi lidlula ukukhanya ngefayibha ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu. Lithembele ku-TIR — ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele — ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izimpawu zalo ukuthi zingaphumi. Umklamo walo, okuhlanganisa nosayizi wengaphakathi le-fiber optic, unomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwalo.

Imicu yemodi eyodwa inama-core amancane, angaba amasentimitha angu-0.00035, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokudlulisela ibanga elide. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imicu yemodi eminingi inama-core amakhulu kakhulu, afinyelela kumasentimitha angu-0.002, okuvumela ukuthi ibambe ukukhanya okwengeziwe emabangeni amafushane.

3. Indawo Eyinhloko Esakhiweni Sekhebula

Enkabeni ye-fiber optic medium, i-core isebenza nge-cladding ukugcina izimpawu zokukhanya zigxumagxuma, ukunciphisa ukulahleka. Ukubekwa kwayo okunenhloso kusho ukulahleka okuncane kakhulu kwesignali kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwekilasi.

Isakhiwo Sekhebula Le-Fiber Optic

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zakhiwe ngokunemba ngezingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko: umgogodla, ukumbozwa, ukumbozwa, imicu yokuqinisa, kanye nejazi langaphandle. Kusukela ezingxenyeni zayo eziqinile kuya emakhonweni ayo abanzi, ucezu ngalunye lusiza ekusebenzeni kahle, ekusebenzeni kahle, kanye nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kwekhebula elilodwa le-fiber optic.

Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa kwedatha okude, okusekelwe ekukhanyeni. Le nqubo engenakulahlekelwa yiyo ehlukanisa i-fiber optics nezintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile, ezisebenzisa imisinga kagesi engaphazamiseka kalula.

Ukwakheka Kwezinto Eziyinhloko

Ingaphakathi liyingxenye engaphakathi yekhebula le-fiber optic, elenzelwe ngqo ukuthwala izimpawu zokukhanya. Ikhebula le-fiber optic livame ukukhiqizwa ngengilazi emsulwa kakhulu noma ipulasitiki ephezulu.

Ama-core engilazi, akhiwe kakhulu nge-silicon dioxide (SiO2), ayathandwa ngenxa yokucaca kwawo kokukhanya kanye nokulahleka kwesignali okuphansi kakhulu. Ama-fiber emodi eyodwa ngokuvamile anobubanzi obuphakathi obungama-micron angu-8 kuya kwangu-10. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-fiber emodi eminingi anama-core amakhulu kakhulu asukela kuma-micron angu-50 kuya kwangu-62.5.

Ukungcola kokuhlanzeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okungadluliselwa, kusakaze noma kudonse ukukhanya ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke.

Kuchazwe Ukumbozwa

Isembozo esizungeze umongo siyisiqondiso samaza esibonakalayo esakhiwe ngezinto ezinenkomba yokukhanya ephansi kancane. Lo mehluko wenza kube nokukhanya kwangaphakathi okuphelele, okugcina izimpawu zokukhanya zibambeke ngaphakathi umongo.

Isibonelo, i-core evame ukusetshenziswa ingaba ne-refractive index engu-1.48 kuyilapho i-cladding ingafunda u-1.46. Lokhu kwakhiwa kuvikela i-fiber ekulahlekelweni kwesignali futhi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha.

Inhloso Yokumboza I-Buffer

Isembozo se-buffer sivikela i-fiber ekulimaleni okubonakalayo njengokuklwebheka noma ukuphuka. Ngokuvamile kukhiqizwa ngezinto ze-polymer ezifana ne-acrylate, isembozo sinikeza i-fiber okuthile okuwusizo: ukuguquguquka nokuqina.

Ububanzi bokumboza buhlukile, kuthinta ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuphatha i-fiber. Ububanzi obuncane buvumela ukubumbana okukhulu, kuyilapho obukhulu bunikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono kwemishini.

Ukuvikelwa Kwejazi Langaphandle

Ijakethi elivikelayo langaphandle livikela izingxenye ezibalulekile zangaphakathi ezingozini zemvelo ezifana nomswakama noma ukuhuzuka komshini. Amajakethi ayahlukahluka ngohlobo, alinganiswa nge-plenum ezindaweni zomoya zangaphakathi, alinganiswa nge-riser uma kufakwa phezulu, i-LSZH (low smoke zero halogen) ukuze kuphephe, kanye namajakethi angaphandle ukuze kuvikelwe isimo sezulu.

Izinto ezifana ne-polyethylene zithuthukisa ukuqina, zinikeza ukuthembeka ngisho nasezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Indima KaCore Ekudlulisweni Kwedatha

Ingqikithi yekhebula le-fiber optic iyinhliziyo yekhebula futhi yilokho okwenza ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo kube nokwenzeka. Isebenza njengesandla esiqondisayo sazo zonke izimpawu zokukhanya, ingqikithi iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ihamba kalula emabangeni amade.

Ububanzi bekhebula nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zimfanelo zithinta kakhulu ikhono layo lokuqhuba idatha ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphansi kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Kuma-fiber emodi eyodwa, ububanzi obuyinhloko bungama-micron angu-8 kuya kwangu-10. Avame ukulungiselelwa kakhulu ukuxhumana okusheshayo, ibanga elide, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana.

Imicu ye-Multimode inobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu, kusukela kuma-micron angu-50 kuya kwangu-62.5. Idlulisa ngezindlela eziningana zokukhanya, yandisa umthamo wokuthwala idatha ebangeni elifushane, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi endawo.

Izimiso Zokudlulisa Ukukhanya

Umqondo wokukhanya okudlula enkabeni usekelwe emqondweni wokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele. Le nqubo ephawulekayo ivimbela izimpawu zokukhanya ukuba zingaphumi ngaphandle kwenkabeni yefayibha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukulahleka kwesignali okuncane noma akukho nhlobo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imicu yemodi eyodwa ivumela indlela eyodwa yokukhanya ukuthi isakazeke, inciphise ukusabalala futhi ikhuphule isivinini emabangeni amade. Imicu yemodi eminingi ivumela izindlela eziningi, noma izindlela, zokukhanya ukuthi zihambe, okwandisa umthamo.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokucabangela ukwakheka okufanele, lokhu kungabangela ukuhlakazeka kwe-modal, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezikhawulweni ezimfushane.

Ukuzindla Kwangaphakathi Okuphelele

Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele, senzeke ngenxa yomehluko ku-refractive index phakathi kwe-core kanye ne-cladding. Lokhu kugcina izimpawu zokukhanya zingaphakathi kwe-core, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle ekudlulisweni kwazo.

Imicu eklanywe ngezinto eziyinhloko eziqondile inciphisa amazinga okunciphisa, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-0.2 dB ngekhilomitha ku-1550 nm, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebanga elide.

Ukugcinwa Kobuqotho Besignali

Ubuqotho besiginali bubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphezulu. Izimo zomzimba ezifana nokucindezeleka kwangaphandle kanye nokugoba kuyingozi ekusebenzeni.

Imiklamo ye-core esezingeni eliphezulu inciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-core futhi iqinisekisa ukuthembeka okufanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifunwa kakhulu njengamakhabethe e-switchgear.

Imodi Eyodwa vs. Ama-Cores Emodi Eningi

Njengoba abantu abaningi namadivayisi bedinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokusheshayo, izintambo ze-fiber optic ziya ngokuya zibaluleke kakhulu. Izintambo zemodi eyodwa kanye nezindlela eziningi zigcwalisa izidingo ezihlukile. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili uncike ekwakhiweni kwazo okuyinhloko, ukusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa.

Umehluko Wobubanzi Obuyinhloko

Ububanzi be-core bunomthelela omkhulu endleleni imicu ethwala ngayo ukukhanya. Imicu yemodi eyodwa inomgogodla omncane, ongaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-0.0004, noma ama-micron ayi-10 ububanzi. Lo mklamo uvumela ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya okukodwa ukuthi budlulisele.

Lesi sakhiwo esinembile sinciphisa ukusabalala kokukhanya, okwenza kube okufanele ukuxhumana okunqamula izwe. Imicu yemodi eminingi inezinsika ezinkulu ezingama-intshi angu-0.002 (ama-micron angu-50) noma ngaphezulu. Lo mklamo uvumela izindlela eziningi zokukhanya ukuthi zidlule ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Nakuba lo mklamo uvumela ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu, udala ukusabalala okukhulu kwe-modal, ukhawulela ibanga kanye nomkhawulokudonsa.

Amandla e-bandwidth kanye nebanga

Imicu yemodi eyodwa inomgogodla omncane kakhulu ovumela ukulethwa kwe-bandwidth ephezulu. Ivumela ukufinyelela okude, ngamabanga okudlulisela afinyelela kumamayela angu-200 (200 km). Leli khwalithi linikeza imicu yemicu yazo izimfanelo ezivelele ezifanelekela ukuxhumana ngocingo kanye ne-inthanethi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, imicu yemodi eminingi ingcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwebanga elifushane. Inebanga eliphakeme lamamayela ama-3 (amakhilomitha ama-5), okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu yesikhungo sedatha kanye namanethiwekhi endawo yekhampasi/yedolobha.

Isibonelo esihle kakhulu ukuthi i-fiber yemodi eyodwa yayiyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuxhumana phakathi kwamadolobha kuyilapho i-fiber yemodi eminingi isebenza kahle ezindaweni zasehhovisi.

Amacala Okusetshenziswa Kwesicelo

I-Fiber Yemodi Eyodwa: Ezokuxhumana, i-cable TV, amanethiwekhi okuthutha isikhathi eside.

I-Fiber Yemodi EningiAmanethiwekhi ekhampasi, izikhungo zedatha, ama-LAN ebhizinisi.

Izimboni ezifana nokunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimali okuhamba phambili ziye zazuza kakhulu kulezi zobuchwepheshe. Zivumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo, okuphephile, nokusheshayo.

Izici Ezithinta Ukusebenza Okuyinhloko

Ukusebenza kwe-core yekhebula le-fiber optic kuthonywa yinhlanganisela yomklamo, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ngayinye yalezi zici ithinta kakhulu ukudluliswa kwezimpawu kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Umthelela Wobubanzi Obuyinhloko

Ububanzi be-core bunethonya eliqondile endleleni izimpawu zokukhanya ezihamba ngayo futhi kuphi nge-fiber. Ama-core abanzi njengalawo atholakala kuma-fiber amaningi avumela i-fiber ukuthi isekele izindlela eziningi zokukhanya.

Kodwa-ke, zihlushwa ukusabalala kwe-modal, okunganciphisa ukucaca kwesignali yazo emabangeni amakhulu. Ama-core amancane ajwayelekile ngemicu ye-singlemode. Avumela ukusabalala kwesignali okunembile kakhulu ngaphandle kokusabalala noma ukugqama okuncane, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesivinini esikhulu, ibanga elide.

Ukungafani kobubanzi be-core kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali ezindaweni ze-splice. Ukukhanya kunzima ukudlulisela ku-fibers ene-cores ezinkulu noma ezincane. Kumanethiwekhi lapho kudingeka khona i-fusion splicing, ukungafani okunjalo kuholela ekulahlekelweni okwengeziwe kokufakwa. Lo mphumela uhlanganiswa nanoma yikuphi ukungalungi kwe-lateral noma kwe-angular.

Ithonya Lobumsulwa Bezinto Ezibonakalayo

Ekwakhiweni kwe-core, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali. Noma yikuphi ukungcola ngaphakathi kwe-fiber core kungahlakaza noma kudonse ukukhanya, okwandisa ukuncishiswa.

Ukufakwa komusi, okungenye yezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ezisetshenziswayo, kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa obuyisisekelo kanye nokufana. Ngenxa yalokho, kwehlisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-splice yangaphakathi kube ngaphansi kuka-1%.

Lolu hlobo lokubekezelela ukunemba lubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufakwa kubalulekile khona, kufaka phakathi izikhungo zedatha ezinabantu abaningi.

Izinto Ezibangela Ukucindezeleka Kwemvelo

Izici zemvelo ezifana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba kungathinta kabi ubuqotho befayibha. Isibonelo, ukushisa okukhulu kungenza ikhebula likhule futhi linciphe.

Umswakama ungangena ngezintambo ezingafakwanga kahle bese uzifinyeza noma wonakalise ukusebenza kahle. Izindlela zokuvikela, njengezimbozo ezinempilo kanye nezindawo ezivalekile zefayibha, zivikela imicu kulezi zinto ezicindezelayo futhi zinikeze ukuqina.

Ukukhiqiza kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi

Izintambo ze-fibre optic ziyizingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzelwe ukulethwa kwedatha okuhle kodwa ukusebenza okugcwele kuncike ekuthembekeni kwama-core azo. I-core yayo, eyakhiwe nge-silicon dioxide emsulwa, ibalulekile ekuhambiseni izimpawu zokukhanya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu noma okungekho. Ukukhiqiza la ma-core kuletha izinselele ezihlukile ezidinga izixazululo ezintsha kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yemboni kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile.

Izinselele Zokukhiqiza Okuyinhloko

Ukwenza ama-cores ezintambo ze-fiber optic kudinga ukuphelela okukhulu. Noma yikuphi ukungcola ku-SiO22 kungabangela ukulahleka noma ukuphambuka kwesiginali, okwenza ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobumsulwa kube yinto ebalulekile. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, kungavela ububanzi obungalingani bomnyombo.

Ukungahambisani ekudwetshweni kwefayibha kanye nokwehluleka ukugcina ukuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa kuyizimpawu eziyinhloko ezidlala indima eqondile ekusebenzeni. Ububanzi obungaguquki be-core, isibonelo, kuholela ekwandeni okuphezulu kokuncipha okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokudlulisa idatha okuncane.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinkinga, abakhiqizi bathulula amasu amasha njengezinqubo zokufaka umphunga wamakhemikhali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufana kwe-core. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) zandisa kakhulu umthamo wokuthwala idatha, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zensimbi engagqwali esakhiweni sekhebula kunezela ekuqineni nasekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside kohlelo.

Izindlela Zokuhlola Nokuqinisekisa

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwama-fiber optic cores ngamanye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi afinyelela amazinga okusebenza amisiwe. Amapharamitha afaka phakathi ukunciphisa, i-bandwidth, kanye nesilinganiso sesignali kuya kumsindo ahlolwa ngemishini kufaka phakathi ama-reflectometer e-optical time-domain (OTDR).

Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ezithuthukisiwe zithuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa, ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemboni.

Ukuthobela Izindinganiso Zemboni

Kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, izinhlangano ezifana ne-ANSI kanye ne-ITU-T zibeka amazinga okuklama nokukhiqizwa kwe-fiber optics. Ukuthobela imithetho kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo, ikhwalithi, kanye nokushintshana phakathi kwezicelo.

Izindinganiso zikhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha futhi zisiza ekuholeni imboni emiklamweni eqinile, elula, nephumelelayo.

Izindlela Ezinhle Zokufaka

Njengezingxenye ezizwelayo nezibizayo, izintambo ze-fiber optic kumele zifakwe ngenhloso yokufinyelela amazinga aphezulu kanye nemikhuba ukuze zilethe ukusebenza okuqinile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukufakwa kahle kuvimbela izinto ekulimaleni ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali, ukusiza ekuhlinzekeni inethiwekhi esheshayo nekhwalithi ephezulu.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze kusetshenziswe i-FTTH ngempumelelo.

Amasu Okuxhumanisa

Kubalulekile ukuthi ubuqotho besiginali bube yisihluthulelo, futhi ukuxhuma kudlala indima enkulu kulokho. Amasu amasha njenge-epoxy kanye ne-polish, izixhumi ezipholishwe ngaphambilini, kanye nokuxhumanisa ama-fusion asejwayelekile impela. Ngayinye isebenzela injongo ethile, i-epoxy kanye ne-polish zinikeza ukunemba okukhulu, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumi ezipholishwe ngaphambilini kwenza ukufakwa okusheshayo.

Ukuxhumanisa kahle kakhulu Ukuxhumanisa kwe-Fusion, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo, kudala ukulahleka kwesiginali okuphansi kakhulu. Izixhumi ezivamile, njenge-SC, i-LC, ne-ST, zikhethwa ngokuya ngesicelo. Ukuhlanza nokuqondanisa phakathi nale nqubo kubalulekile ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukulahleka kwesiginali.

Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa

Ukuhlanganisa izintambo ze-fiber optic, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile zezindlela zokuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa ngomshini kanye nokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlanganisa ngomshini, okuhlanganisa imicu ngesandla, kuyindlela yokufakwa kwesikhashana noma ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo.

I-fusion splicing, esebenzisa ukushisa ukuhlanganisa imicu ndawonye, ​​inikeza ukulahlekelwa kwesignali okuphansi kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okwenza le ndlela ibe yindlela yokukhetha ukufakwa okuhlala njalo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-splice iphumelele, landela imikhuba emihle yokufaka. Qinisekisa ukuthi imicu ihlanzekile futhi uqinisekise usebenzisa i-OTDR enekhebula elide lokuqalisa.

Ukunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Nokuhlakazeka

Izinguquko kububanzi befayibha zibangela ukulahleka kwesiginali kanye nokuhlakazeka okwehlisa ukusebenza. Ukuze unciphise lokhu, gcina irediyasi encane enconywayo yokugoba bese usebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa ngokudluliselwa okusebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa ngokucophelela kobuchwepheshe, kanye namathuluzi athuthukile njenge-visual fault locator kwenza kube lula ukubona nokulungisa amaphutha ngokushesha.

Ukuqamba okusha kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko

Ngobuchwepheshe be-fiber optic core, sibone intuthuko emangalisayo eguqule indlela umhlaba wethu odlulisela ngayo idatha ngokushesha nangendlela engabizi emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kusungulwa kuhloswe kokubili ezintweni zokwakha, ukuklama, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziholela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza, ukuqina, kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa.

Ngezansi, sichaza ukuthi kwenzekani ngalezi zinguquko nokuthi zisho ukuthini.

Ucwaningo Lwezinto Ezithuthukisiwe

Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngezinto ezintsha, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zama-cores e-optical fiber lubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okusha okuqhubekayo. Ama-fibers e-core angenalutho ayisinyathelo esikhulu, kusetshenziswa ama-cores agcwele umoya noma igesi esikhundleni sengilazi eqinile evamile. Lo mklamo oyingqayizivele unciphisa ukusabalala kokukhanya ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa isivinini nokunemba.

Njengobuchwepheshe obusha, imicu ye-multicore ikhula ngokushesha ekuthandweni. Ingahlanganisa imizila eminingi yedatha ngekhebula elilodwa, inciphise isikhala esidingekayo ngamaphesenti angama-75. Ubuhle bale micu ukuthi isekela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngezindlela ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusebenza.

Intuthuko eqhubekayo ekwakheni izinto ezinciphisa amazinga okuncipha kwamandla kagesi ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla esignali ebangeni elide, okwenza ukuxhumana okusheshayo kuthembeke njalo.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kokudlulisa Okuthuthukisiwe

Umlando womklamo we-core unethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokudlulisa. Imicu yemodi eyodwa inama-core amancane asiza ukukhanya ekudlulisweni kwedatha ekude. Agxila ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwesignali ngokuqondisa ukukhanya ngomsebe owodwa ogxilile.

Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zezindwangu ezifaka phakathi ukuvumelanisa ngokunemba kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zidlala indima ekukhiqizeni imicu esezingeni eliphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-multicore obusebenza kahle kakhulu bubonisa amanani aphansi okunciphisa kanye nezidingo ezincane zokubalwa kwekhebula, okunikeza izimpendulo zomhlaba wangempela ezidingweni zenethiwekhi ezikhulayo.

Iziqondiso Zokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esizayo

Izitayela ezintsha ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-multicore kanye ne-hollow cores zinamandla ajabulisayo okusetshenziswa okuguqulayo kwezokuxhumana. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke sedatha ngendlela eqhubekayo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthembeka Kwesignali

Ukuthembeka kwesignali kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi e-fiber optic, njengoba lawa manethiwekhi edinga ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zedatha ezisheshayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesevisi noma ukuwohloka. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, imikhuba yokufaka, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka.

Ukunciphisa Ukuwohloka Kwesignali

Ukwehla kwesignali ezinhlelweni ze-fiber optic kwenzeka lapho ukudluliselwa kokukhanya nge-fiber kuba buthakathaka ngenxa yebanga noma ngenxa yezingcindezi zangaphandle. Ukusebenzisa i-optical fibers enezixhumi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezilahlekelwa kakhulu kukhulisa amandla okukhanya alethwa amabanga amade.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okufanele ekufakweni kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuqina kuphezulu. Izimo zemvelo ezifana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu noma ukuntuleka komswakama nazo zingalimaza ikhwalithi yesiginali. Ukuze kulwiwe nalokhu, ukumbozwa kwekhebula elivikelayo noma elivikelwe nge-insulation kanye nezixhumi ezivalwe kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinto eziyingozi.

Ukulungiswa njalo kubalulekile futhi, njengoba ukwehluleka kwekhebula okungama-90% kuvela ekulimaleni noma ekugugeni. Ukuhlolwa kudingeka kuhloswe ekutholeni ukugoba, ukuphuka, noma okunye ukungalungi okuthinta ukuthembeka kwesignali.

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Eziyinhloko

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziyinhloko kuhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza kahle. Imicu yemodi eyodwa inobubanzi obuyinhloko obungama-micron angu-8-10. Ilungele ukudluliselwa kwesivinini esikhulu njengoba ivumela igagasi lokukhanya elilodwa kuphela, okunciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka.

Izinto ze-silica ezihlanzekile ziqinisekisa ukucaca okumangalisayo okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ebangeni elide kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, ama-polymer cores enza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elifushane, esebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwawo ukuze amelane nokucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kanye nemiphumela yemvelo.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kuqhutshwa yizidingo ezihlukile zenethiwekhi ngayinye, okuhlanganisa isivinini, ibanga, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezihlosiwe.

Amasu Okuphatha Afanele

Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Ungagobi izintambo ngaphezu kwerediyasi yazo encane futhi usebenzise ama-Bragg graters e-fiber asakazwe ukuze ulinganise ubunzima.

Landela lezi ziqondiso:

Yenza: Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​okuzivikela, gcina izintambo kahle, bese uhlola ukuthi ziqondile yini.

Ungadonsi izintambo ngenkani, qinisa kakhulu ama-clamp, noma uzibeke ekushiseni.

Isiphetho

I-core yekhebula le-fiber optic isebenza njengesisekelo sokudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo nokuthembekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukujiya, izinto zokwakha, noma ubuchwepheshe, zonke izici ze-core zithinta isivinini, ukucaca, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-core olufanele, ukunamathela emikhubeni efanele yokufaka, kanye nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obusha kuzokusiza ukufeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Njengoba ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kungena njalo, kusunduza i-fiber optics kakhulu nangokwengeziwe, ikhebula le-fiber optic seliyisici esibalulekile sokuxhumana kwanamuhla.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela uxhumano lwemayela lokugcina noma ukuthunyelwa ezweni lonke, ukwazi ukuthi yini engaphansi kwesiphithiphithi sokumaketha kuzokuholela ekwenzeni izinqumo ezihlakaniphile. I-Fiber optics iyisayensi yokunemba nokusebenza, futhi ingqikithi empeleni iyingqikithi yesayensi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuthembekile kanye nokugeleza kwedatha okubushelelezi, kuyazuzisa ukutshala imali kungqikithi efanele.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyini ingqikithi yekhebula le-fiber optic?

Ingqikithi iyingilazi encane, ephakathi noma umucu wepulasitiki wekhebula le-fiber optic. Yingxenye yekhebula le-fiber optic ethwala izimpawu zokukhanya ukuze idlulise idatha. Ikhwalithi nosayizi wengqikithi kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuningi kube ngcono.

Ingqikithi ikuthinta kanjani ukudluliswa kwedatha?

I-core isebenza njengendawo lapho izimpawu zokukhanya zidlula khona ukuze kudluliselwe idatha. Uma i-core icacile futhi izinzile, idatha ingadluliselwa ngokushesha nangokuthembekile ngemicu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwedatha noma ukuphazamiseka okuncane.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-core emodi eyodwa nama-core emodi eminingi?

Ama-core emodi eyodwa akhiqiza i-ray eyodwa yokuphuma, mancane (cishe ama-micron angu-8-10 ububanzi) futhi afaneleka kakhulu amabanga amade. Ama-core emodi eminingi ahlinzeka ngama-core amakhulu (ama-micron angu-50-62.5) futhi asetshenziselwa amabanga amafushane anama-bandwidth aphezulu.

Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-fiber optic core?

Ukusebenza kwe-core kuthintwa yikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhlanzeka, ukunemba kobubanzi be-core, kanye nokufakwa kwipayipi yekhebula. Ngisho nezici zangaphandle, njengalapho ikhebula ligobile noma leluliwe ngenkathi lisetshenziswa, zingathinta ukusebenza.

Ikhwalithi eyinhloko ilawulwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza?

Abakhiqizi bathembele emibhoshongweni yokudweba ifayibha yesimanje ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kobubanzi obuphakathi, ubumsulwa bezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nobuqotho bokuphuka kwekristalu. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-ANSI/TIA.

Ingabe ukufakwa okungafanele kungalimaza i-fiber optic core?

Yebo. Ukugoba ngokweqile noma ingcindezi esetshenziswa ku-core yekhebula le-fiber optic ngesikhathi sokufakwa kungaphula noma kukhubaze i-core, okuholela ekulahlekelweni noma ekuphazamisekeni kwesignali. Ukunamathela emikhubeni emihle kubalulekile.

Yiziphi izinto ezintsha zakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-fiber optic core?

Phakathi kwentuthuko yakamuva kukhona ama-core angazweli ukugoba, amakhono aphezulu e-bandwidth, kanye nezinto ezigcina imvelo. Lezi zinto ezintsha zigxile ekwandiseni ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama. Zifaneleka kahle kumanethiwekhi edatha akhula njalo namuhla.