Ingundoqo yentambo ye-fiber optic yinto ebalulekileyo ekudluliseni imiqondiso yokukhanya. Inika amandla ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano.

Ukwakheka kwezinto ezingaphakathi, ngesiqhelo iglasi okanye iplastiki ecocekileyo kakhulu, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni umgangatho wesignali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kothumelo.

Ububanzi be-fiber core budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni. Ii-fiber ze-single-mode zingcono kakhulu kwiimeko zomgama omde, kunye ne-bandwidth ephezulu, kwaye ii-fiber ze-multimode zisebenza ngcono kumgama omfutshane.

Konke oku kunokwenzeka ngokubonakalisa ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo, okwenzeka ngomahluko wesalathisi sokukhanyela phakathi kombindi kunye ne-cladding. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwesiginali kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi.

Ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukufakwa kunye neendlela ezifana nokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa kubalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho ophezulu wesiginali kunye nokuphepha umonakalo.

Uphuhliso kwiteknoloji ephambili luqhubela phambili kwiintambo ze-fiber optic. Ukusetyenziswa okwandileyo kwezixhobo kunye noyilo olungaqhelekanga ngaphambili kwandisa ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo.

Ingundoqo ye intambo ye-fiber optic licandelo apho imiqondiso yokukhanya idlula khona. Licandelo eliphakathi eliguquguqukayo nelihlala ixesha elide elivumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha okude nokukhawulezayo. Lenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki, isiseko sithumela ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwaye senzelwe ukuthwala oko kukhanya ngokusebenza kakuhle, okuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kumgama omde.

Iifayibha zemowudi enye zinobubanzi obuphakathi obumalunga nee-microns ezisi-8. Xa kuthelekiswa, iifayibha zemowudi ezininzi ziphakathi kwee-microns ezingama-50 kunye nama-62.5 nganye, kwaye ubukhulu ngabunye bulungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Iileya zokukhusela ezinesigqubuthelo esijikeleze imowudi zinceda ukuthintela ukwaphuka kwaye zinikeze ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nakwiindawo eziqinileyo.

Nokuba ifumaneka kunxibelelwano okanye kwiziseko ze-intanethi ze-fiber optic, okanye kwisixhobo somfanekiso wezonyango, njengesikena se-CT, isiseko sibalulekile ekuqhagamshelweni okukhawulezayo. Yazi ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wayo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha intambo efanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho.

Yintoni iFiber Optic Core?

I-core yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yentambo ye-fiber optic. Isebenza njengomjelo apho imiqondiso yokukhanya ihamba khona, ngaloo ndlela idlulisela idatha phakathi komthombo wokukhanya kunye ne-receiver. Le core, edla ngokwenziwa nge-silica okanye iplastiki, ikhethwa ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukubamba isignali ye-bandwidth ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ukuncitshiswa okuncinci.

Kwezinye iinkqubo, ezinye izinto ezifana ne-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) okanye i-polycarbonate ziyasetyenziswa, njengoko kubonakala kwiifayibha ze-optical zeplastiki (POF). Ezi zinto zenziwe ngobunjineli zigcina ulwakhiwo olucekethekileyo noluguquguqukayo kakhulu lwesiseko njengoko sinyamezela amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo okusebenza.

1. Chaza intambo ye-Fiber Optic

Intambo ye-fiber optic ineeleya ezintathu eziphambili: umbindi, i-cladding, kunye nejacket. Umbindi, ophakathi kwe-fiber, yiyo edlulisela imiqondiso yokukhanya. I-cladding ijikeleza umbindi ize ibuyisele ukukhanya kuwo.

Ijakethi yangaphandle inika ukuqina kunye nokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zobhedu zemveli, ii-fiber optics zingcono ngesantya sokudluliselwa kwedatha, ukwanda kwe-bandwidth, kunye ne-EMI (ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic).

2. Umsebenzi oPhambili weCore

I-core idlula ukukhanya kwi-fiber ngokulahleka okuncinci kakhulu. Ixhomekeke kwi-TIR — ukubonakalisa kwangaphakathi okupheleleyo — ukuthintela naziphi na iimpawu zayo ukuba zingaphumi. Uyilo lwayo, kuquka ubungakanani be-fiber optic core, lunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Iifayibha zemowudi enye zinee-cores ezincinci, ezimalunga ne-0.00035 intshi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukuhanjiswa komgama omde. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifayibha zemowudi ezininzi zinee-cores ezinkulu kakhulu, ezifikelela kwi-0.002 intshi, nto leyo evumela ukuba zibambe ukukhanya okungakumbi kumgama omfutshane.

3. Indawo ephambili kwisakhiwo seCable

Embindini we-fiber optic medium, umbindi usebenza ne-cladding ukugcina imiqondiso yokukhanya igxuma, inciphisa ilahleko. Ukubekwa kwayo ngokwesicwangciso kuthetha ukulahleka okuncinci kwesignali kunye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwinqanaba.

Ulwakhiwo lwentambo yeFiber Optic

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngeenxalenye ezintlanu eziphambili: umbindi, i-cladding, i-coating, i-strength fibers, kunye ne-outer jacket. Ukususela kwiinxalenye zayo ezingqongqo ukuya kumandla ayo abanzi, isiqwenga ngasinye sinegalelo ekusebenzeni, ekusebenzeni kakuhle, kunye nobude bexesha lentambo enye ye-fiber optic.

Ezi nxalenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kube lula ukudluliselwa kwedatha kumgama omde, okusekelwe ekukhanyeni. Le nkqubo engenalahleko yiyo eyahlula ii-fiber optics kwiintambo zombane eziqhelekileyo, ezisebenzisa imisinga yombane enokuphazamiseka lula.

Ulwakhiwo lwezinto eziphambili

Ingundoqo yinxalenye engaphakathi yentambo ye-fiber optic, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthwala imiqondiso yokukhanya. Intambo ye-fiber optic idla ngokuveliswa ngeglasi ecocekileyo kakhulu okanye iplastiki ekwishelufu ephezulu.

Iiglasi ze-cores, ezenziwe kakhulu nge-silicon dioxide (SiO2), zikhethwa ngenxa yokucaca kwazo okubonakalayo kunye nokulahleka kwesignali okuphantsi kakhulu. Iifibers ze-single-mode zihlala zine-core diameter eyi-8 ukuya kwi-10 microns. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifibers ze-multimode zinee-cores ezityebileyo kakhulu eziqala kwi-50 ukuya kwi-62.5 microns.

Ukungcola kokucoceka kwezinto kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya okunokudluliselwa, kusasazeke okanye kufunxe ukukhanya kwaye ngaloo ndlela konakalise ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke.

Inkcazo yeCladding

I-cladding ejikeleze umbindi yi-optical waveguide eyenziwe ngezinto ezine-index ye-refraction ephantsi kancinci. Lo mahluko uvumela ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okupheleleyo, ukugcina imiqondiso yokukhanya ibambeke ngaphakathi kumbindi.

Umzekelo, isiseko esisetyenziswa rhoqo siya kuba ne-refractive index ye-1.48 ngelixa i-cladding iya kuba yi-1.46. Olu lwakhiwo lukhusela i-fiber ekulahlekelweni kwesignali kwaye luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.

Injongo yoKwaleka iBuffer

I-buffer coating ikhusela i-fiber ekonakaleni okubonakalayo okufana nokukrweleka okanye ukuqhekeka. Ngokwesiqhelo iveliswa ngezinto ze-polymer ezifana ne-acrylate, i-coating inika i-fiber into eluncedo: ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina.

Iidayamitha zokugquma zahlukile, nto leyo echaphazela indlela elula ngayo ukuphathwa kwefayibha. Iidayamitha ezincinci zivumela ukuba iqine ngakumbi, ngelixa ezinkulu zibonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono loomatshini.

Ukhuseleko lweJakethi yangaphandle

Ijakethi ekhuselayo yangaphandle ikhusela izinto ezibalulekileyo zangaphakathi kwiingozi zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma okanye ukurhawuzelelwa koomatshini. Iijakethi zahlukile ngohlobo, zilinganiswe nge-plenum kwiindawo zomoya zangaphakathi, zilinganiswe nge-riser kwiindawo ezithe nkqo, zilinganiswe nge-LSZH (low smoke zero halogen) yokhuseleko, kunye neejakethi zangaphandle zokumelana nemozulu.

Izinto ezifana ne-polyethylene ziphucula ukuqina, zibonelela ngokuthembeka nakwiindawo ezixineneyo.

Indima yeCore ekuThunyelweni kweDatha

Ingundoqo yentambo ye-fiber optic yintliziyo yentambo kwaye yintoni eyenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu. Isebenza njengesandla esikhokelayo kuzo zonke iimpawu zokukhanya, ingundoqo iqinisekisa ukuba idatha ihamba ngokukhululekileyo kumgama omde.

Ububanzi bekhebula kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ezi mpawu zichaphazela kakhulu amandla ayo okuqhuba idatha xa isasazwa ngamandla aphantsi kwaye ithembekile kakhulu. Kwiifayibha zendlela enye, ububanzi obuphambili buyi-8 ukuya kwi-10 microns. Zihlala zilungele unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo nolukude, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa konxibelelwano.

Iifayibha ze-Multimode zinobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-62.5 microns. Zidlulisela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya, zonyusa umthamo wokuthwala idatha kumgama omfutshane, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi zasekuhlaleni.

Imigaqo yoThumelo loKhanya

Ingcamango yokukhanya okudlula embindini isekelwe kwingcamango yokubonakalisa kwangaphakathi ngokupheleleyo. Le nkqubo ibonakalisa ithintela imiqondiso yokukhanya ukuba ingaphumi ngaphandle embindini wefayibha, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba akukho lahleko ingako okanye akukho lahleko yesignali.

Kwelinye icala, iifayibha zemowudi enye zivumela indlela enye yokukhanya ukuba isasazeke, zinciphisa ukusasazeka kwaye zonyusa isantya kwiindlela ezinde. Iifayibha zemowudi ezininzi zivumela iindlela ezininzi, okanye iindlela, zokukhanya ukuba zihambe ngazo, nto leyo enyusa umthamo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo koyilo, oku kunokubangela ukusasazwa kwe-modal, okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo ezimfutshane.

Ukucamngca Kwangaphakathi Okupheleleyo

Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-total internal reflection, yenzeke ngenxa yomahluko kwi-refractive index phakathi kwe-core kunye ne-cladding. Oku kugcina imiqondiso yokukhanya ngaphakathi kwe-core, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwayo.

Iifayibha eziyilwe ngezinto ezisisiseko ezichanekileyo zinciphisa amazinga okuthomalalisa, adla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.2 dB ngekhilomitha nganye kwi-1550 nm, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza komgama omde.

Ukugcinwa koBulungisa beSignali

Ukuthembeka kwesignali kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi xa isantya siphezulu. Iimeko zomzimba ezifana noxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye nokugoba ziyingozi ekusebenzeni.

Uyilo lwe-core olukumgangatho ophezulu lunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-core kwaye luqinisekisa ukuthembeka okufanayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, nokuba zizicelo ezifunwayo ezifana neekhabhathi zeswitchgear.

IiCores zeMowudi enye vs. iiMowudi ezininzi

Njengoko abantu abaninzi kunye nezixhobo zifuna ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okuthembekileyo nokukhawulezayo, iintambo ze-fiber optic ziya zibaluleke ngakumbi. Iintambo ze-single-mode kunye ne-multi-mode zizalisekisa iimfuno ezizodwa. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini uxhomekeke kuyilo lwazo oluphambili, ukusebenza, kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Umahluko kwiDayamitha ePhambili

Ububanzi be-core bunempembelelo enkulu kwindlela iifayibha ezithwala ngayo ukukhanya. Iifayibha ze-single-mode zinobukhulu obuncinci, obungaphantsi kwe-0.0004 intshi, okanye ububanzi be-10 microns. Olu yilo luvumela ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya enye ukuba idlulisele.

Olu lwakhiwo luchanekileyo lunciphisa ukusasazeka kokukhanya, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko kunxibelelwano oluhambahambayo. Iifayibha zeendlela ezininzi zinee-cores ezinkulu ze-0.002 intshi (50 microns) okanye ngaphezulu. Olu yilo luvumela iindlela ezininzi zokukhanya ukuba zidlule ngaxeshanye.

Nangona olu yilo luvumela ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, ludala ukusasazeka okukhulu kwe-modal, luthintela umgama kunye ne-bandwidth.

I-bandwidth kunye nobuchule bomgama

Iifayibha zemowudi enye zinesiseko esincinci kakhulu esivumela ukuhanjiswa kwe-bandwidth ephezulu. Zivumela ukufikelela ixesha elide, kunye nomgama wokudlulisela ukuya kuthi ga kwiimayile ezili-124 (200 km). Olu mgangatho lunika iifayibha zazo iimpawu ezibalaseleyo ezifanelekileyo kunxibelelwano lwefowuni kunye ne-intanethi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifayibha zeendlela ezininzi zilungele ukusetyenziswa kumgama omfutshane. Zinomgama ophezulu weemayile ezi-3 (iikhilomitha ezi-5), nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele iziko ledatha kunye neenethiwekhi zekhampasi/zesixeko.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo kukuba i-single-mode fiber yayiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwezixeko ngelixa i-multi-mode fibers isebenza kakuhle kwii-universe ze-ofisi.

Amatyala okusetyenziswa kwesicelo

Ifayibha yeMowudi enyeUnxibelelwano, iTV yekhebula, iinethiwekhi zokuhamba ixesha elide.

Ifayibha yeMowudi ezininziIinethiwekhi zekhampasi, amaziko edatha, iiLAN zeshishini.

Amashishini afana nokhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo kunye nokusasazwa kwezemali okukhawulezileyo azuze kakhulu kwezi teknoloji. Zivumela unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo, olukhuselekileyo nolukhawulezayo.

Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukusebenza Okungundoqo

Ukusebenza kwe-fiber optic cable core kuchatshazelwa yindibaniselwano yoyilo, umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Nganye kwezi zinto ichaphazela kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide.

Impembelelo yobubanzi obuphambili

Ububanzi be-core bunempembelelo ngqo kwindlela kunye nendawo apho imiqondiso yokukhanya ihamba khona ngefayibha. Ii-core ezibanzi ezifana nezo zifumaneka kwi-multimode fibers zivumela ifayibha ukuba ixhase iindlela ezininzi zokukhanya.

Nangona kunjalo, zinengxaki yokusasazeka kwe-modal, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukucaca kwesignali yazo kumgama omde. Ii-cores ezincinci ziqhelekile kwiifayibha ze-singlemode. Zivumela ukusasazeka kwesignali ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu ngaphandle kokusasazeka okanye ukugqabhuka okuncinci, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngesantya esiphezulu, umgama omde.

Ukungafani kobubanzi be-core kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali kwiindawo ze-splice. Ukukhanya kunzima ukudlulela kwiifayibha ezinee-cores ezinkulu okanye ezincinci. Kwiinethiwekhi apho kufuneka khona i-fusion splicing, ukungafani okunjalo kubangela ukulahleka okongeziweyo kokufakwa. Esi siphumo sidibene nayo nayiphi na i-lateral okanye i-angular misalignment.

Impembelelo yoBumsulwa bezinto eziphathekayo

Kwisakhiwo se-core, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali. Nakuphi na ukungcola ngaphakathi kwi-fiber core kunokusasaza okanye kufunxe ukukhanya, okwandisa ukuncitshiswa.

Ukufakwa komphunga, enye yeendlela ezininzi eziphambili zokuvelisa ezisetyenziswayo, iqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nokufana okuphambili. Ngenxa yoko, zinciphisa ilahleko ze-intrinsic splice ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1%.

Olu hlobo lokuchaneka kokunyamezela lubalulekile kwizicelo apho ilahleko ephantsi yokufakwa ingafuneki khona, kuquka namaziko edatha anoxinano olukhulu.

Izinto ezibangela uxinezeleko lwendalo

Izinto ezikwimeko-bume ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukufuma, kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba zinokuchaphazela kakubi ukuthembeka kwefayibha. Umzekelo, ubushushu obukhulu bunokwenza intambo yande kwaye inciphe.

Ukufuma kungangena ngeentambo ezingafakwanga kakuhle kwaye kuzifinyeze okanye konakalise ukusebenza kwazo. Iindlela zokukhusela, ezifana neengubo ezisempilweni kunye neefayibha ezivalekileyo zemvelo, zikhusela iifayibha kwezi zinto zixinzelelayo kwaye zinika ukuqina.

Ukuvelisa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zizinto ezintsonkothileyo ezenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kwedatha efanelekileyo kodwa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kuxhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwee-cores zazo. I-core yayo, eyakhiwe nge-silicon dioxide ecocekileyo, ibalulekile ekuhambiseni imiqondiso yokukhanya ngaphandle kokulahleka okukhulu okanye ukulahleka. Ukuvelisa ezi-cores kuzisa imingeni ekhethekileyo efuna izisombululo ezintsha kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemveliso kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.

Imingeni ephambili yemveliso

Ukwenza ii-cores zeentambo ze-fiber optic kufuna ukugqibelela okukhulu. Nakuphi na ukungcola kwi-SiO2 kunokubangela ukulahleka okanye ukugqwetheka kwesignali, nto leyo eyenza umgangatho kunye nobunyulu bezinto zibe yinto ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwenkqubo yokuvelisa, iidayamitha ezingundoqo ezingalinganiyo zinokubangela.

Ukungangqinelani kokutsalwa kwefayibha kunye nokungaphumeleli ukugcina ubushushu buhambelana ziimpawu eziphambili ezidlala indima ethe ngqo ekusebenzeni. Ukungalingani kweedayamitha ze-core, umzekelo, kukhokelela ekwandeni okuphezulu kokuncitshiswa okubangela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunciphe.

Ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi ngxaki, abavelisi bathulula iindlela ezintsha ezifana neenkqubo zokufaka umphunga wamakhemikhali ukuphucula ukulingana kwesiseko. Izinto ezintsha ezifana netekhnoloji yeDense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) zandisa ngakumbi amandla okuphatha idatha, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwisakhiwo seentambo kongeza ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kwenkqubo.

Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye noQinisekiso

Uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwee-fiber optic cores nganye nganye lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifikelela kwimilinganiselo yokusebenza esele imiselwe. Iiparameter eziquka ukuncitshiswa, i-bandwidth, kunye nomlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo zivavanywa ngezixhobo eziquka ii-reflectometers ze-optical time-domain (OTDR).

Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo eziphucukileyo ziyenza lula ngakumbi uvavanyo, ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino.

Ukuthobela iMigangatho yoShishino

Kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, imibutho efana ne-ANSI kunye ne-ITU-T ibeka imigangatho yoyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-fiber optics. Ukuthobela imithetho kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo, umgangatho, kunye nokutshintshiselana phakathi kwezicelo.

Imigangatho ikhuthaza uyilo olutsha kwaye inceda ukukhokela eli shishini kwiindlela ezihlala ixesha elide, ezikhaphukhaphu, nezisebenzayo.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokufaka

Njengezinto ezinobuthathaka nezibiza kakhulu, iintambo ze-fiber optic kufuneka zifakelwe ngenjongo yokujonga imigangatho ephezulu kunye neendlela zokusebenza ukuze zisebenze kakuhle kwaye zihlale ixesha elide. Ukufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo kugcina izinto zingonakali ngelixa kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali, ukunceda ukubonelela ngenethiwekhi ekhawulezayo nesemgangathweni.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule ukuze usetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi-FTTH.

Iindlela zokudibanisa

Kubalulekile ukuba ukuthembeka kwesignali kube yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye ukunxibelelana kudlala indima enkulu kuloo nto. Iindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-epoxy kunye ne-polish, izihlanganisi ezipolishiweyo kwangaphambili, kunye nokudibanisa i-fusion ziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngayinye isebenza injongo ethile, apho i-epoxy kunye ne-polish zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwezihlanganisi ezipolishiweyo kwangaphambili kwenza kube lula ukufaka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo Ukudibanisa i-Fusion, okuqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiintambo ezisisigxina, kudala ukulahleka kwesignali okuncinci kangangoko. Izihlanganisi eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-SC, i-LC, kunye ne-ST, zikhethwa ngokwesicelo. Ukucoca kunye nokulungelelanisa ngexesha lale nkqubo kubalulekile ukuthintela ukulahleka kwesignali.

Iindlela zokudibanisa

Ukudibanisa kudibanisa iintambo ze-fiber optic, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zeendlela zokudibanisa, ukuhlanganisa ngoomatshini kunye nokudibanisa nge-fusion. Ukudibanisa ngoomatshini, okulungelelanisa iintambo ngesandla, lukhetho lokufakelwa okwethutyana okanye ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo.

I-Fusion splicing, esebenzisa ubushushu ukudibanisa iifayibha kunye, inika ilahleko ephezulu yesignali ephantsi, okwenza le ndlela ibe lukhetho lokufakelwa okusisigxina. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba i-splice iphumelele, landela iindlela ezilungileyo zokufakela. Qinisekisa ukuba iifayibha zicocekile kwaye uqinisekise usebenzisa i-OTDR enentambo ende yokuqalisa.

Ukunciphisa Ukulahleka Nokusasazeka

Utshintsho kububanzi befayibha lubangela ukulahleka kwesiginali kunye nokusasazeka okunciphisa ukusebenza. Ukuze unciphise oku, gcina irediyasi encinci yokugoba ecetyiswayo kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuthotywa ngokudluliselwa okusebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukusetyenziswa nokulawulwa ngononophelo kobuchwepheshe, kunye nezixhobo eziphambili ezifana nesixhobo sokufumana iimpazamo ezibonakalayo kwenza kube lula ukuchonga nokulungisa iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza.

Uyilo olutsha kwiTekhnoloji ePhambili

Ngeteknoloji ye-fiber optic core, sibone uphuhliso olumangalisayo olutshintshe indlela ihlabathi lethu elithumela ngayo idatha ngoko nangoko nangendlela engabizi kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zinto zintsha zijolise kwizinto, uyilo, kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezikhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, ukuqina, kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa.

Ukuya phambili, siza kuchaza okwenzekayo ngolu tshintsho kunye nokuba luthetha ukuthini.

Uphando lwezinto eziPhambili

Uphando oluqhubekayo ngezinto ezintsha nezisebenza kakuhle zee-optical fiber cores lubalulekile ekuqhubekeni nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Ii-hollow core fibers zinyathelo elikhulu, zisebenzisa ii-air okanye ii-gas-filled cores endaweni yeglasi eqinileyo eqhelekileyo. Olu yilo lukhethekileyo lunciphisa ukusasazeka kokukhanya ngaloo ndlela luphucula isantya kunye nokuchaneka.

Njengeteknoloji entsha, iifayibha ze-multicore zikhula ngokukhawuleza ekuthandweni. Zinokudibanisa iindlela ezininzi zedatha ngentambo enye, zinciphisa indawo efunekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75%. Ubuhle bezi fayibha kukuba zixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngaxeshanye, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo ekuphuhliseni izixhobo ezinciphisa amazinga okunciphisa amandla ombane kuphucula ngakumbi amandla esignali kwimigama emide, okwenza uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo luthembeke rhoqo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle koThumelo

Imbali yoyilo lwe-core inefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kothumelo. Iifayibha ze-single-mode zine-cores ezincinci ezizinceda zikhanye ekuthuthweni kwedatha okude. Zigxila ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwesignali ngokuqondisa ukukhanya ecaleni komqadi omnye ogxile.

Iindlela eziphambili zelaphu eziquka ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye neendlela ze-doping zanamhlanje zidlala indima ekuveliseni iifayibha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-multicore obusebenza kakuhle bubonisa amaxabiso aphantsi okunciphisa kunye neemfuno ezimbalwa zokubalwa kweentambo, nto leyo ebonelela ngeempendulo zehlabathi lokwenyani kwiimfuno ezikhulayo zenethiwekhi.

Izikhokelo zoPhuhliso lweXesha elizayo

Iindlela ezintsha ezifana netekhnoloji ye-multicore kunye ne-hollow cores zinamandla anomdla okuguqula iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-telecommunications. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lubalulekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zehlabathi zedatha ngendlela ezinzileyo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthembeka Kwesignali

Ukuthembeka kwesignali kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi ze-fiber optic, njengoko ezi nethiwekhi kufuneka zibonelele ngeenkonzo zedatha ezikhawulezayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwenkonzo okanye ukonakala. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kubandakanya umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, iindlela zokufakela, kunye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka.

Ukunciphisa ukubola kweSignali

Ukonakala kwesignali kwiinkqubo ze-fiber optic kuxa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya nge-fiber kubuthathaka nokuba kukude okanye ngenxa yezixinzeleli zangaphandle. Ukusebenzisa ii-fiber optic ezinezixhumi ezingasebenzi kakuhle nezinelahleko ephantsi kwandisa amandla okukhanya athunyelwa kumgama omde.

Ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kofakelo kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni loo mandla ephezulu. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokutshintsha kakhulu kobushushu okanye ukungabikho komswakama kunokuba yingozi kumgangatho wesiginali. Ukulwa noku, irabha okanye i-insulated cable sheathing kunye nezihlanganisi ezivaliweyo zinokunceda ukugcina izinto ezinobungozi zingangeni.

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile, njengoko i-90% yokusilela kwekhebula kuvela kukonakala okanye ukuguguleka komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kujoliswe ekufumaneni ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, okanye ezinye izinto ezingalunganga ezichaphazela ukuthembeka kwesignali.

Ukhetho lwezinto ezibalulekileyo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphambili kudibene ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza. Iifayibha zendlela enye zinobubanzi obuphakathi obuyi-8–10 microns. Zilungele ukuhanjiswa ngesantya esiphezulu njengoko zivumela kuphela igagasi lokukhanya elinye, nto leyo enciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka.

Izinto ze-silica ezicocekileyo ziqinisekisa ukucaca okugqwesileyo okuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kumgama omde kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ii-polymer cores zingcono kunezicelo zomgama omfutshane, zisebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwazo ukumelana noxinzelelo oluninzi, kubandakanya ukufakwa kunye nemiphumo yokusingqongileyo.

Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuqhutywa ziimfuno ezizodwa zenethiwekhi nganye, kuquka isantya, umgama, kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezicwangcisiweyo.

Iindlela Ezifanelekileyo Zokuphatha

Ngoko ke ngokucacileyo ukuphathwa ngononophelo xa kusenziwa kunye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Musa ukugoba iintambo ngaphezu komlinganiselo omncinci wazo kwaye sebenzisa ii-Bragg graters zefayibha ezisasazekileyo ukulinganisa uxinzelelo.

Landela le migaqo:

Yenza: Sebenzisa iiglavu zokuzikhusela, gcina iintambo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ujonge ukuba zilungelelene kangakanani.

Musa: Ukutsala iintambo ngamandla, ukuqinisa kakhulu ii-clamps, okanye ukuzibeka kwindawo eshushu.

Isiphelo

I-fiber optic cable core isebenza njengesiseko sokudluliselwa kwedatha okukhawulezayo nokuthembekileyo. Nokuba bubukhulu, izixhobo, okanye iteknoloji, yonke into engaphakathi ichaphazela isantya, ukucaca, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-core, ukunamathela kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufakela, kunye nokuhambelana netekhnoloji entsha kuya kukunceda ufezekise iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ngolawulo lomgangatho kunye nezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo, zityhala i-fiber optics ngakumbi nangakumbi, i-fiber optic cable ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwanamhlanje.

Nokuba uceba unxibelelwano oluya kudlula okanye ukusasazwa kuzwelonke, ukwazi ukuba yintoni ephantsi kwengxolo yokuthengisa kuya kukukhokelela ekubeni wenze ukhetho olulumkileyo. I-Fiber optics yisayensi yokuchaneka nokusebenza, kwaye ingundoqo yeyona nto iphambili kwisayensi. Ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwedatha okugudileyo, kuyanceda ukutyala imali kwisiseko esifanelekileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyona nto iphambili kwintambo ye-fiber optic?

I-core yiglasi encinci, ephakathi okanye intambo yeplastiki yentambo ye-fiber optic. Yinxalenye yentambo ye-fiber optic ethwala imiqondiso yokukhanya ukuhambisa idatha. Umgangatho kunye nobukhulu be-core zibalulekile ekwenzeni udluliselo olusebenzayo lwedatha eninzi.

I-core iyichaphazela njani i-data transmission?

I-core isebenza njengesixhobo apho imiqondiso yokukhanya idlula khona ukuze idlulisele idatha. Okukhona i-core icacile, izinzile ngakumbi, kokukhona idatha inokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo ngeefayibha ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha okanye ukuphazamiseka okuncinci.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-cores ze-single-mode kunye nee-multi-mode cores?

Ii-cores zemowudi enye zivelisa i-single output ray, zincinci (malunga ne-8-10 microns ububanzi) kwaye zilungele ngakumbi umgama omde. Ii-cores zemowudi ezininzi zibonelela ngee-cores ezinkulu (50-62.5 microns) kwaye zisetyenziselwa umgama omfutshane one-bandwidths ephezulu.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-fiber optic core?

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-core kuchaphazela umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukucoceka, ukuchaneka kobubanzi be-core, kunye nokufakelwa kwityhubhu yentambo. Kwanezinye izinto zangaphandle, njengaxa intambo igobile okanye yoluliwe ngelixa isetyenziswa, zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo.

Umgangatho oyintloko ulawulwa njani ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemveliso?

Abavelisi baxhomekeke kwiinqaba zokuzoba iifayibha zanamhlanje ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobubanzi obuphambili, ubumsulwa bezinto, kunye nokuthembeka kwe-crystal defect. Uvavanyo oluqinileyo luqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo kunye nokunamathela kwimigangatho ye-ANSI/TIA.

Ngaba ukufakwa okungafanelekanga kungayonakalisa i-fiber optic core?

Ewe. Ukugoba kakhulu okanye uxinzelelo olusetyenziswa kwi-core yentambo ye-fiber optic ngexesha lokufakwa kunokwaphula okanye kutshintshe i-core, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ukunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo kubalulekile.

Ziziphi izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwitekhnoloji ye-fiber optic core?

Phakathi kwenkqubela phambili yakutshanje kukho ii-cores ezingakwaziyo ukugoba, amandla e-bandwidth angcono, kunye nezixhobo ezizinzileyo kokusingqongileyo. Ezi zinto zintsha zigxile ekwandiseni ukuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzinza. Zifanelekile ngokupheleleyo kwiinethiwekhi zedatha ezikhula rhoqo namhlanje.