Nezve muvambi wetambo ye fiber optic. Chekutanga, Kubva pane zvandinoyeuka, kugadzirwa kwe fiber optics hakubvi kumunhu mumwe chete. Ibasa rinoitwa nekufamba kwenguva nevanhu vakakosha. Asi mushandisi anogona kunge ari kutsvaga muvambi wekutanga, saka ndinofanira kujekesa izvozvo.

Ndinofunga kuti Charles Kao anowanzonzi "baba vekutaurirana kwefiber optic" nekuda kwebasa rake muma1960. Akafunga nzira yekuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo mumafiber, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kure kure kuve nyore. Asi pamberi pake, paive nevamwe. Kufanana nemuma1950, Harold Hopkins naNarinder Singh Kapany vakashanda pakutumira mifananidzo kuburikidza nemafiber bundles. Zvadaro pane kugadzirwa kwelaser, iyo yaive yakakosha pakutumira chiedza. Theodore Maiman akagadzira laser muna 1960, asi pamwe izvozvo zvinonyanya kutaura nezve sosi yechiedza kupfuura tambo pachayo.

Uyewo, Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, naPeter Schultz vekuCorning vakagadzira fibre yekutanga ye optical ine low-loss muna 1970. Ndiyo nhano huru. Saka mhinduro yacho inofanira kutaura nezvevaya vakapa ruzivo, vachitsanangura kuti ibasa rekushandira pamwe asi vachiratidza basa raKao rinokosha.

Mira, ungangovhiringidzika kana ndikanyora mazita akati wandei. Ungangotarisira mugadziri mumwe chete. Saka ndinofanira kuronga mhinduro yacho kuti ndibvume kuti kunyangwe paine vanhu vakawanda vakabatsira, basa raKao raive guru. Zvakare, taura nezvechikwata cheCorning kuti chiite basa racho nemazvo.

Ndinofanira kutarisa kana paine vamwe vanhu vakakosha. Pamwe Daniel Colladon naJacques Babinet vakaratidza kutungamira kwechiedza ne refraction muma1840, asi izvozvo zvinongova kutanga. Hazvina chekuita zvakananga nekugadzirwa kwetambo sezvatinoiziva nhasi.

Saka mhinduro inofanira kutanga nekutaura kuti kushanda pamwe chete, wozotaura nezvaKao semunhu akakosha, wozoteverwa nechikwata cheCorning, pamwe nevamwe vakambobatsira vakaita saKapany. Uyewo, cherechedza musiyano uripo pakati pebasa redzidziso nekushanda kwemabasa.

Iva nechokwadi chekutsanangura zvakajeka zvakaitwa nemunhu wega wega. Semuenzaniso, basa raKapany pakugadzira fiber bundles yemifananidzo, Kao's pakutaurirana, uye kuvandudzwa kwaCorning kwe fiber chaiyo isinganyanyi kurasikirwa. Nenzira iyi, mushandisi anowana maonero akazara pasina kunyanyisa kurerutsa.

Uyewo, funga nezvechinangwa chingave chiripo chemushandisi. Vangangoda ruzivo urwu pabasa rechikoro, mharidzo, kana kungoziva zvakawanda. Chero zvazvingava, kupa nguva yakajeka uye kukosha kwemupiro wega wega zvichabatsira. Pamwe kusanganisira mazuva ekupa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Ndinofanira kudzivisa mutauro wakaoma asi ndichiri kutaura chokwadi. Mashoko akadai sekuti "kuratidzwa kwemukati kwese" kana kuti "kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo" angangoda tsananguro pfupi kana mushandisi asingazive. Asi sezvo gwara rekare rakataura nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvekutanga, pamwe vanenge vatove neruzivo rwakadzama.

Tarisa kana paine pfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vangafunga kuti Alexander Graham Bell aive nebasa, asi Photophone yake yaishandisa chiedza chisina fibers. Saka jekesa kuti kugadzirwa kwefiber optics kwakazouya gare gare.

Tarisazve chokwadi: bepa raKao ra1966, ruzivo rwakawanikwa muna 1970 kuCorning, basa raKapany raakawana mumakore ekuma1950. Uyewo, taura nezvemubairo weNobel kana zvichikosha—Kao akahwina Nobel muFizikisi muna 2009. Izvozvo zvinowedzera kuvimbika kune zvaakapa.

Muchidimbu, ronga mhinduro kuti iratidze vanhu vakakosha, mabasa avo chaiwo, uye nguva yakatarwa. Ratidza pachena kuti kunyange zvazvo vagadziri vakawanda vakaita mabasa avo, basa raKao raive rakakosha kune fiber optics yemazuva ano. Uyewo, tenda timu yakagadzira fiber yekutanga inoshanda.

Kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji ye fiber optic kwakakonzerwa nekushanda pamwe chete kwemasayendisiti nemainjiniya akawandakwemakumi emakore. Kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu mumwe chete anonzi ndiye "muvambi" wega, vatungamiriri vakuru vakaisa hwaro hwemafiber optics emazuva ano:

1. Narinder Singh Kapany (1950s):

Kazhinji inonzi"Baba veFiber Optics,"Kapany (naHarold Hopkins) vakaratidza chirongwa chekutanga chinoshandafiber pack yekutumira mifananidzomuma1950. Basa rake rakaratidza kuti chiedza chaigona kutungamirirwa kuburikidza negirazi fibers, zvichigadzira nzira yekurapa endoscopes uye masisitimu emifananidzo.

• Mupiro: Yakaratidza kuti chiedza chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza negirazi rakakombama.

2. Charles K. Kao (kuma1960):

Kao, uyo akahwina mubairo weNobel (2009), anoonekwa zvakanyanya semunhu"Baba veFiber Optic Communications."Muna 1966, iye naGeorge Hockham vakaburitsa tsvakiridzo inoshamisa inoratidza kutimagirazi egirazi akachena kwazvo anogona kutumira zviratidzo zvechiedza padaro refunekurasikirwa kushoma.

• Ruzivo Runokosha: Zvakaonekwa kuti tsvina iri mugirazi ndiyo yakakonzera kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye zvakakurudzirwa kuti zvive nyore kushandisa pakutaurirana.

• Mhedzisiro: Yakagonesa kugadzirwa kwema network e fiber optic anomhanya zvakanyanya uye ari kure.

3. Chikwata cheCorning Glass Works (1970):

Muna 1970,Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, naPeter SchultzkuCorning vakagadzirafaibha yekutanga ye optical yakaderera-kurasikirwavanokwanisa kutakura masaini efoni. Fiber yavo yakarasikirwa ne17 dB/km, kupfuura zvakamboitwa kare.

• Kubudirira: Yakagonesa kutaurirana ne fiber optic zviri kure uye zvinoshanda.

4. Vatangatanga (Makore ekuma1950 asati asvika):

• Daniel Colladon naJacques Babinet (1840s): Chiedza chakaratidzwa chinotungamira kuburikidza nemajeti emvura (chinotangira fiber optics).

• Alexander Graham Bell (1880): Yakaedzwa nekushandisa chiedza (Photophone), kunyangwe isiri kuburikidza nefibers.

Sei Iri Basa reChikwata?

• Shanguyakatarisana nemifananidzo,Sezvokugadzirisa matambudziko edzidziso dzefoni, uyeCorningvakagadzira faibha inoshanda.

• Zvitsva zvakazoitwa nevamwe (ma lasers, ma amplifiers, uye multiplexing) zvakasimudzira tekinoroji iyi.

Nhaka

Fiber optics yakachinja kutaurirana pasi rose, zvichiita kuti internet, tambo dzepasi pegungwa, uye 5G zvishande. Mubairo waKao weNobel (2009) unoratidza basa rake guru, asi chigadzirwa ichi chinoratidza kushanda pamwe chete kwemakumi emakore.