Game da wanda ya ƙirƙiri kebul na fiber optic. Da farko, Daga abin da na tuna, ba a danganta ƙirƙirar fiber optics ga mutum ɗaya ba. Yana da ƙarin ƙoƙari na tarin lokaci tare da manyan masu ba da gudummawa. Amma mai amfani yana iya neman babban mai ƙirƙira, don haka ya kamata in fayyace hakan.

Ina tsammanin ana kiran Charles Kao da "uban sadarwa ta fiber optic" saboda aikinsa a shekarun 1960. Ya gano yadda zai rage asarar sigina a cikin zare, wanda hakan zai sa sadarwa ta nesa ta yiwu. Amma kafinsa, akwai wasu. Kamar a shekarun 1950, Harold Hopkins da Narinder Singh Kapany sun yi aiki kan watsa hotuna ta hanyar haɗa zare. Sannan akwai ci gaban laser, wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga watsa haske mai amfani. Theodore Maiman ya ƙirƙiro laser a shekarar 1960, amma wataƙila hakan ya fi game da tushen haske fiye da kebul ɗin kanta.

Haka kuma, Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, da Peter Schultz a Corning sun ƙirƙiro fiber na gani na farko mai ƙarancin asara a shekarar 1970. Wannan muhimmin ci gaba ne. Don haka amsar ya kamata ta ambaci waɗannan masu ba da gudummawa, tana bayyana cewa aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa amma tana nuna muhimmiyar rawar da Kao ke takawa.

Jira, za ka iya ruɗewa idan na lissafa sunaye da yawa. Za ka iya tsammanin mai ƙirƙira ɗaya. Don haka ina buƙatar tsara martanin don in yarda cewa yayin da akwai masu ba da gudummawa da yawa, aikin Kao ya kasance mai tushe. Haka kuma, ambaci ƙungiyar Corning don aiwatarwa a aikace.

Ya kamata in duba ko akwai wasu muhimman bayanai. Wataƙila Daniel Colladon da Jacques Babinet sun nuna hasken da ke jagorantar su ta hanyar jan hankali a shekarun 1840, amma hakan ya fi zama abin da ya faru. Ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙirƙirar kebul ɗin kamar yadda muka san shi a yau.

Don haka amsar ya kamata ta fara da faɗin cewa aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa, sannan a ambaci Kao a matsayin babban mutum, sai kuma ƙungiyar Corning, kuma wataƙila waɗanda suka yi gudummawa a baya kamar Kapany. Haka kuma, a lura da bambanci tsakanin aikin nazari da aiwatarwa a aikace.

Tabbatar da bayyana gudummawar kowane mutum a sarari. Misali, aikin Kapany kan fakitin fiber don daukar hoto, na Kao kan sadarwa, da kuma ci gaban Corning na ainihin fiber mai ƙarancin asara. Ta wannan hanyar, mai amfani yana samun cikakken ra'ayi ba tare da ƙara sauƙaƙawa ba.

Haka kuma, yi la'akari da yiwuwar manufar mai amfani. Suna iya buƙatar wannan bayanin don aikin makaranta, gabatarwa, ko kuma kawai ilimin gabaɗaya. Ko ta yaya, samar da jadawalin lokaci mai haske da mahimmancin kowace gudummawa zai taimaka. Wataƙila a haɗa da ranakun don bayar da mahallin.

Ya kamata in guji kalmomin fasaha amma har yanzu in kasance daidai. Kalmomi kamar "jumla ta ciki gaba ɗaya" ko "rashin sigina" na iya buƙatar taƙaitaccen bayani idan mai amfani bai saba ba. Amma tunda jagorar da ta gabata ta ƙunshi wasu muhimman bayanai, wataƙila sun riga sun fahimci wasu.

Duba duk wani kuskuren fahimta da aka saba gani. Misali, wasu na iya tunanin cewa Alexander Graham Bell yana da rawar da zai taka, amma wayarsa ta Photophone ta yi amfani da haske ba tare da zare ba. Don haka a fayyace cewa ƙirƙirar fiber optics ya zo ne daga baya.

Duba gaskiyar lamarin sau biyu: Takardar Kao ta 1966, nasarar Corning ta 1970, ayyukan Kapany na 1950. Haka kuma, a ambaci kyaututtukan Nobel idan ya dace—Kao ya lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a 2009. Wannan yana ƙara sahihanci ga gudummawarsa.

A taƙaice, tsara martanin don nuna manyan masu ba da gudummawa, takamaiman rawar da suke takawa, da kuma jadawalin lokaci. A bayyana a sarari cewa yayin da masu ƙirƙira da yawa suka taka rawa, aikin Kao yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga fasahar fiber optics ta zamani. Haka kuma, a yaba wa ƙungiyar da ta yi fiber mai amfani ta farko.

Ƙirƙirar fasahar fiber optic sakamakonƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi da yawatsawon shekaru da dama. Duk da cewa babu wani mutum guda da aka yaba a matsayin "mai ƙirƙira", manyan majagaba sun kafa harsashin amfani da fasahar fiber optics ta zamani:

1. Narinder Singh Kapany (1950s):

Sau da yawa ana kiransa"Uban Fiber Optics,"Kapany (tare da Harold Hopkins) ya nuna farkon aikin da aka yiKunshin fiber don watsa hotoa shekarun 1950. Aikinsa ya tabbatar da cewa ana iya jagorantar haske ta hanyar zare na gilashi, wanda hakan ke share fagen amfani da na'urorin endoscope na likitanci da tsarin daukar hoto.

• Gudummawa: An tabbatar da watsa haske ta hanyar zare-zaren gilashi mai lanƙwasa.

2. Charles K. Kao (1960s):

Kao, wacce ta lashe kyautar Nobel (2009), ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babbar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil'adama."Uban Sadarwar Fiber Optic."A shekarar 1966, shi da George Hockham sun buga wani bincike mai ban mamaki wanda ya nuna cewaZaren gilashi mai tsabta zai iya aika siginar haske a tsawon nisatare da ƙarancin asara.

• Babban Bayani: An gano cewa ƙazanta a cikin gilashi tana haifar da asarar sigina kuma an gabatar da zare mai tsarki don sadarwa.

• Tasiri: Ya ba da damar haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic masu nisa da sauri.

3. Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Gilashin Corning (1970):

A shekarar 1970,Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, da Peter Schultza Corning ya ƙirƙirifiber na gani mai ƙarancin asara ta farkosuna iya ɗaukar siginar sadarwa. Fiber ɗinsu ya yi asarar17 dB/km, ya zarce yunƙurin da aka yi a baya.

• Nasara: An yi amfani da fasahar sadarwa mai amfani da fiber optic mai nisa.

4. Majagaba na Farko (Kafin shekarun 1950):

• Daniel Colladon da Jacques Babinet (1840s): An nuna hasken da ke jagora ta hanyar jiragen ruwa (wanda ke gaba da fiber optics).

• Alexander Graham Bell (1880): An gwada watsa haske (Photophone), kodayake ba ta hanyar zare ba.

Dalilin da yasa yake ƙoƙarin ƙungiya

• Takalmamai da hankali kan daukar hoto,Kamar yaddawarware ƙalubalen sadarwa na ka'ida, kumaCorningya ƙera fiber mai amfani.

• Sabbin kirkire-kirkire (laser, amplifiers, da multiplexing) da wasu suka yi sun ƙara haɓaka fasahar.

Gado

Fiber optics ya kawo sauyi a fannin sadarwa a duniya, wanda hakan ya ba da damar intanet, kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa, da kuma 5G. Kyautar Nobel ta Kao (2009) ta nuna rawar da ya taka a matsayinsa na asali, amma wannan ƙirƙira ta nuna haɗin gwiwa na shekaru da yawa.