Mayelana nomsunguli wekhebula le-fiber optic. Okokuqala, Kusukela kulokho engikukhumbulayo, ukusungulwa kwe-fiber optics akubangelwanga umuntu oyedwa. Kungumzamo ohlangene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nabanikeli ababalulekile. Kodwa umsebenzisi angase afune umsunguli oyinhloko, ngakho-ke kufanele ngikucacise lokho.

Ngicabanga ukuthi uCharles Kao uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ubaba wokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic" ngomsebenzi wakhe ngawo-1960. Wathola indlela yokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali kuma-fiber, okwenza ukuxhumana okude kube nokwenzeka. Kodwa ngaphambi kwakhe, kwakukhona nabanye. Njengaseminyakeni yawo-1950, uHarold Hopkins noNarinder Singh Kapany basebenza ekudlulisweni kwezithombe ngama-fiber bundles. Bese kuba nokuthuthukiswa kwe-laser, okwakubalulekile ekudlulisweni kokukhanya okusebenzayo. UTheodore Maiman wasungula i-laser ngo-1960, kodwa mhlawumbe lokho kumayelana kakhulu nomthombo wokukhanya kunekhebula uqobo.

Futhi, uRobert Maurer, uDonald Keck, noPeter Schultz eCorning bakha i-fiber yokuqala ye-optical elahlekelwa kancane ngo-1970. Leso yisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ngakho impendulo kufanele ikhulume ngalaba banikeli, ichaze ukuthi kuwumzamo wokubambisana kodwa igcizelela indima ebalulekile kaKao.

Linda, ungase udideke uma ngibhala amagama amaningana. ungase ulindele umsunguli oyedwa. Ngakho-ke ngidinga ukuhlela impendulo ukuze ngivume ukuthi nakuba kwakukhona abanikeli abaningi, umsebenzi kaKao wawuyisisekelo. Futhi, khuluma ngethimba leCorning ukuze kuqaliswe ukusebenza okusebenzayo.

Kufanele ngihlole ukuthi kukhona yini abanye abantu ababalulekile. Mhlawumbe uDaniel Colladon noJacques Babinet babonise ukuqondisa kokukhanya ngokukhanya okukhanyayo ngawo-1840, kodwa lokho kuyisandulela. Akuhlobene ngqo nokusungulwa kwekhebula njengoba silazi namuhla.

Ngakho impendulo kufanele iqale ngokusho ukuthi kuwumzamo wokubambisana, bese ukhuluma ngoKao njengomuntu obalulekile, kulandelwe yithimba laseCorning, futhi mhlawumbe nabanikeli bangaphambilini njengoKapany. Futhi, phawula umehluko phakathi komsebenzi wethiyori kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo.

Qiniseka ukuthi uchaza igalelo lomuntu ngamunye ngokucacile. Isibonelo, umsebenzi kaKapany kuma-fiber bundles okuthwebula izithombe, uKao's kwezokuxhumana, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kukaCorning kwe-fiber yangempela elahlekelwa kancane. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi uthola umbono ophelele ngaphandle kokwenza kube lula kakhulu.

Futhi, cabangela inhloso yomsebenzisi engaba khona. Bangase badinge lolu lwazi ngephrojekthi yesikole, isethulo, noma ulwazi olujwayelekile. Noma ngabe yikuphi, ukunikeza isikhathi esicacile kanye nokubaluleka komnikelo ngamunye kuzoba usizo. Mhlawumbe ufake izinsuku ukuze unikeze umongo.

Kufanele ngigweme ulimi olusetshenziswa ngobuchwepheshe kodwa ngibe neqiniso. Amagama anjengokuthi "ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele" noma "ukulahleka kwesignali" angadinga izincazelo ezimfushane uma umsebenzisi engajwayelene. Kodwa njengoba umhlahlandlela wangaphambilini uhlanganise ezinye izisekelo, mhlawumbe sebevele benokuqonda okuthile.

Hlola noma yimiphi imibono eyiphutha evamile. Isibonelo, abanye bangase bacabange ukuthi u-Alexander Graham Bell wayenendima, kodwa i-Photophone yakhe yayisebenzisa ukukhanya ngaphandle kwemicu. Ngakho-ke cacisa ukuthi ukusungulwa kwe-fiber optics kwafika kamuva kakhulu.

Hlola amaqiniso kabili: Iphepha likaKao lango-1966, impumelelo kaCorning yango-1970, umsebenzi kaKapany weminyaka yawo-1950. Futhi, khuluma ngeMiklomelo kaNobel uma kufanele—uKao wawina umklomelo weNobel kuFiziksi ngo-2009. Lokho kwengeza ukwethembeka emnikelweni wakhe.

Ngamafuphi, hlela impendulo ukuze igqamise abanikeli ababalulekile, izindima zabo ezithile, kanye nomugqa wesikhathi. Yenza kucace ukuthi yize abasunguli abaningi badlale indima, umsebenzi kaKao wawubalulekile kuma-fiber optics anamuhla. Futhi, qaphela ithimba elenza i-fiber yokuqala esebenzayo.

Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-fiber optic kuwumphumelaimizamo yokubambisana yososayensi nonjiniyela abaningieminyakeni eminingi edlule. Nakuba kungekho muntu oyedwa obizwa ngokuthi "umsunguli" oyedwa, amaphayona abalulekile abeka isisekelo se-fiber optics yanamuhla:

1. uNarinder Singh Kapany (1950s):

Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi"Ubaba we-Fiber Optics,"UKapny (noHarold Hopkins) babonise umsebenzi wokuqala osebenzayoinqwaba yefayibha yokudlulisa isithombengawo-1950. Umsebenzi wakhe wafakazela ukuthi ukukhanya kungaqondiswa ngemicu yengilazi, okuvula indlela ye-endoscope yezokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo zezithombe.

• Umnikelo: Kufakazelwe ukuthi kudluliswa ukukhanya ngemicu yengilazi egobile.

2. UCharles K. Kao (1960):

UKao, owathola umklomelo weNobel (2009), ubhekwa kabanzi njengomuntu ohlonishwayo"Ubaba Wezokuxhumana Kwe-Fiber Optic."Ngo-1966, yena noGeorge Hockham bashicilela ucwaningo oluqavile olubonisa ukuthiimicu yengilazi emsulwa kakhulu ingadlulisela izimpawu zokukhanya emabangeni amadengokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu.

• Ukuqonda Okuyinhloko: Kutholakale ukuthi ukungcola engilazini kubangele ukulahleka kwesignali futhi kwahlongozwa imicu emsulwa kakhulu yokuxhumana ngocingo.

• Umthelela: Kwenze kwasebenza ukuthuthukiswa kwamanethiwekhi e-fiber optic ahamba ibanga elide, asheshayo.

3. Ithimba Lemisebenzi Yengilazi LaseCorning (1970):

Ngo-1970,URobert Maurer, uDonald Keck, noPeter SchultzeCorning wadalai-fiber yokuqala yokukhanya ephansi yokulahlekelwaikwazi ukuthwala amasignali ezokuxhumana. I-fiber yabo yalahlekelwa yi-17 dB/km, idlula kakhulu imizamo yangaphambilini.

• Ukuphumelela: Kwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ukuxhumana kwe-fiber optic okusebenzayo, okude.

4. Amaphayona Okuqala (Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1950):

• UDaniel Colladon noJacques Babinet (1840s): Ukukhanya okubonisiwe okuqondisa ngezindiza zamanzi (okuyisandulela se-fiber optics).

• U-Alexander Graham Bell (1880): Kuhlolwe ngokudluliselwa kokukhanya (i-Photophone), nakuba kungengenxa yemicu.

Kungani Kungumzamo Weqembu

• Izicathuloigxile ekuthwebuleni izithombe,Njengobaukuxazulula izinselele zokuxhumana ngombono, futhiI-Corningwaklama i-fiber ewusizo.

• Izinto ezintsha zakamuva (ama-laser, ama-amplifier, kanye ne-multiplexing) ezenziwa abanye zathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe.

Ifa

I-fiber optics yashintsha ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke, yavumela i-inthanethi, izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle, kanye ne-5G. Umklomelo kaKao weNobel (2009) uqokomisa indima yakhe eyisisekelo, kodwa lokhu kusungulwa kukhombisa ukubambisana kwamashumi eminyaka.