Malunga nomsunguli wentambo ye-fiber optic. Okokuqala, Ukusuka kwinto endiyikhumbulayo, ukuveliswa kwe-fiber optics akubangelwanga ngumntu omnye. Kungumzamo oqokelelweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nabantu ababalulekileyo abanegalelo. Kodwa umsebenzisi usenokuba ufuna umsunguli oyintloko, ngoko ke kufuneka ndicacise loo nto.

Ndicinga ukuba uCharles Kao udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "nguyise wonxibelelwano lwe-fiber optic" ngomsebenzi wakhe ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Wafumanisa indlela yokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali kwiifayibha, okwenza unxibelelwano olude lube nokwenzeka. Kodwa ngaphambi kwakhe, kwakukho nabanye. Njengakwiminyaka yoo-1950, uHarold Hopkins noNarinder Singh Kapany basebenze ekudlulisweni komfanekiso ngeefayibha. Emva koko kukho uphuhliso lwelaser, eyayibaluleke kakhulu ekudlulisweni kokukhanya okusebenzayo. UTheodore Maiman wayila ilaser ngo-1960, kodwa mhlawumbi oko kumalunga nomthombo wokukhanya kunentambo ngokwayo.

Kwakhona, uRobert Maurer, uDonald Keck, kunye noPeter Schultz baseCorning baphuhlise i-fiber yokuqala ye-optical elahlekelwa kancinci ngo-1970. Elo linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke impendulo kufuneka ikhankanye aba banikeli, ichaze ukuba ngumzamo wentsebenziswano kodwa igxininisa indima ebalulekileyo kaKao.

Linda, ungadideka ukuba ndidwelisa amagama aliqela. Ungalindela umqambi omnye. Ngoko ke kufuneka ndihlele impendulo ukuze ndivume ukuba nangona bekukho abantu abaninzi abanegalelo, umsebenzi kaKao wawusisiseko. Kwakhona, khankanya iqela laseCorning ukuze lisetyenziswe ngendlela ebonakalayo.

Ndifanele ndijonge ukuba kukho abanye abantu ababalulekileyo na. Mhlawumbi uDaniel Colladon noJacques Babinet babonakalise ukukhokela ukukhanya ngokurhabaxa ngeminyaka yoo-1840, kodwa oko kungaphezulu kokwandulela. Akunanto yakwenza ngqo nokuveliswa kwentambo njengoko siyayazi namhlanje.

Ngoko ke impendulo mayiqale ngokuthi ngumzamo wentsebenziswano, uze ukhankanye uKao njengomntu obalulekileyo, kulandele iqela laseCorning, mhlawumbi nabantu ababenegalelo ngaphambili abafana noKapany. Kwakhona, phawula umahluko phakathi komsebenzi wethiyori kunye nokuphunyezwa okusebenzayo.

Qiniseka ukuba ucacisa igalelo lomntu ngamnye ngokucacileyo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi kaKapany kwiifayibha zemifanekiso, uKao kunxibelelwano, kunye nophuhliso lukaCorning lwefayibha yokwenyani elahlekelwa kancinci. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi ufumana umbono opheleleyo ngaphandle kokwenza kube lula kakhulu.

Kwakhona, cinga ngeenjongo ezinokwenzeka zomsebenzisi. Basenokufuna olu lwazi kwiprojekthi yesikolo, intetho, okanye ulwazi nje ngokubanzi. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ukubonelela ngexesha elicacileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwegalelo ngalinye kuya kuba luncedo. Mhlawumbi ubandakanye imihla ukuze unike umxholo.

Ndifanele ndiphephe ulwimi olusetyenziswa kakhulu kodwa ndibe ndichanekile. Amagama anje "ngokubonakalisa ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo" okanye "ukulahleka kwesignali" anokufuna ingcaciso emfutshane ukuba umsebenzisi akaqhelananga. Kodwa ekubeni isikhokelo sangaphambili sigubungele ezinye izinto ezisisiseko, mhlawumbi sele benokuqonda okuthile.

Jonga naziphi na iingcamango eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, abanye banokucinga ukuba uAlexander Graham Bell wayenendima, kodwa iPhotophone yakhe yayisebenzisa ukukhanya ngaphandle kweefayibha. Ngoko ke cacisa ukuba ukuveliswa kweefayibha optics kwafika kamva kakhulu.

Jonga kwakhona iinyani: iphepha likaKao lika-1966, impumelelo kaCorning ka-1970, umsebenzi kaKapany weminyaka yoo-1950. Kwakhona, khankanya amabhaso eNobel ukuba afanelekile—uKao uphumelele iNobel kwiFiziksi ngo-2009. Oko kongeza ukuthembeka kwigalelo lakhe.

Ngamafutshane, yakha impendulo ukuze ibonise abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili, iindima zabo ezithile, kunye nexesha elibekiweyo. Cacisa ukuba nangona abavelisi abaninzi badlale indima, umsebenzi kaKao wawubaluleke kakhulu kwi-fiber optics yanamhlanje. Kwakhona, qaphela iqela elenza i-fiber yokuqala esebenzayo.

Ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji ye-fiber optic kubangelwaimizamo yokusebenzisana phakathi koososayensi abaninzi kunye neenjineliKwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Nangona kungekho mntu uthile obizwa ngokuba "ngumqambi" kuphela, oovulindlela abaphambili babeka isiseko se-fiber optics yanamhlanje:

1. uNarinder Singh Kapany (1950s):

Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi"Uyise weFiber Optics,"UKapny (noHarold Hopkins) babonise umsebenzi wokuqala osebenzayoi-fiber bundle yokudlulisela umfanekisongeminyaka yoo-1950. Umsebenzi wakhe wabonisa ukuba ukukhanya kunokukhokelwa ngeefayibha zeglasi, nto leyo eyavula indlela ye-endoscopes zonyango kunye neenkqubo zokwenza imifanekiso.

• Igalelo: Ukudluliselwa kokukhanya okuqinisekisiweyo ngeefayibha zeglasi ezigobileyo.

2. UCharles K. Kao (ngoo-1960):

UKao, owaphumelela iNobel Prize (2009), uthathwa kakhulu njengo"Uyise woNxibelelwano lweFiber Optic."Ngowe-1966, yena noGeorge Hockham bapapasha uphando oluyintshayelelo olubonisa ukubaiifayibha zeglasi ezicocekileyo kakhulu zinokudlulisela imiqondiso yokukhanya kumgama omdengelahleko encinci.

• Ingcaciso Ephambili: Kuchongwe ukuba ukungcola kwiglasi kubangele ukulahleka kwesignali kwaye kwacetyiswa ukuba kubekho imicu ecocekileyo kakhulu yonxibelelwano.

• Impembelelo: Kwenze kwabakho uphuhliso lweenethiwekhi ze-fiber optic ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu nezikude.

3. Iqela leCorning Glass Works (1970):

Ngo-1970,URobert Maurer, uDonald Keck, kunye noPeter SchultzeCorning wadalaifayibha yokuqala yokukhanya elahlekileyo ephantsiikwazi ukuthwala imiqondiso yonxibelelwano. Ifayibha yabo ilahlekelwe yi17 dB/km, idlula kakhulu imizamo yangaphambili.

• Ukuphumelela: Yenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukunxibelelana nge-fiber optic okusebenzayo, okukude.

4. Iingcali Zokuqala (Ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1950):

• UDaniel Colladon kunye noJacques Babinet (1840s): Ukukhanya okubonisiweyo okukhokelayo ngeejethi zamanzi (isandulelo se-fiber optics).

• UAlexander Graham Bell (1880): Kuvavanywe ngokudluliselwa kokukhanya (iFotofoni), nangona kungengokusebenzisa imicu.

Kutheni Kungumzamo Weqela

• Izihlanguigxile kwimifanekiso,Njengokoisombulule imingeni yethiyori yonxibelelwano, kwayeICorningyila ifayibha esebenzayo.

• Izinto ezintsha ezaveliswa kamva (iilaser, ii-amplifier, kunye ne-multiplexing) ezenziwa ngabanye zayiphucula ngakumbi le teknoloji.

Ilifa

I-fiber optics itshintshe unxibelelwano lwehlabathi, ivumela i-intanethi, iintambo zangaphantsi kolwandle, kunye ne-5G. Ibhaso likaKao leNobel (2009) ligxininisa indima yakhe esisiseko, kodwa olu vumbululo lubonisa intsebenziswano yamashumi eminyaka.