Ponena za wopanga chingwe cha fiber optic. Choyamba, Kuchokera pa zomwe ndikukumbukira, kupanga kwa fiber optics sikunachitike chifukwa cha munthu m'modzi. Ndi ntchito yochuluka yomwe imachitika pakapita nthawi ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chachikulu. Koma wogwiritsa ntchitoyo mwina akufunafuna wopanga wamkulu, kotero ndiyenera kufotokoza bwino zimenezo.

Ndikuganiza kuti Charles Kao nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "bambo wa kulumikizana kwa fiber optic" chifukwa cha ntchito yake m'ma 1960. Anapeza momwe angachepetsere kutayika kwa ma signal mu ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kwakutali kukhale kotheka. Koma asanakhalepo, panali ena. Monga m'ma 1950, Harold Hopkins ndi Narinder Singh Kapany adagwira ntchito yotumiza zithunzi kudzera mu fiber bundles. Kenako pali chitukuko cha laser, chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza kuwala kothandiza. Theodore Maiman adapanga laser mu 1960, koma mwina izi ndi zambiri zokhudza gwero la kuwala kuposa chingwe chokha.

Komanso, Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, ndi Peter Schultz ku Corning adapanga ulusi woyamba wowala wochepa mu 1970. Umenewo ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake yankho liyenera kutchula omwe adapereka ndemanga, pofotokoza kuti ndi ntchito yogwirizana koma yowunikira udindo wofunikira wa Kao.

Dikirani, mungasokonezeke ngati ndilemba mayina angapo. Mungayembekezere wopanga mmodzi. Chifukwa chake ndikufunika kukonza yankho kuti ndizindikire kuti ngakhale panali anthu ambiri omwe adapereka ndemanga, ntchito ya Kao inali yofunikira kwambiri. Komanso, tchulani gulu la Corning kuti ligwiritse ntchito bwino ntchitoyi.

Ndiyenera kufufuza ngati pali anthu ena ofunikira. Mwina Daniel Colladon ndi Jacques Babinet adawonetsa kuwala kowongolera pogwiritsa ntchito refraction m'zaka za m'ma 1840, koma zimenezo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kupangidwa kwa chingwe monga momwe tikuchidziwira masiku ano.

Kotero yankho liyenera kuyamba ndi kunena kuti ndi ntchito yogwirizana, kenako tchulani Kao ngati munthu wofunikira, kutsatiridwa ndi gulu la Corning, ndipo mwina omwe adapereka kale monga Kapany. Komanso, onani kusiyana pakati pa ntchito yophunzitsa ndi yothandiza.

Onetsetsani kuti mwafotokoza bwino zomwe munthu aliyense wapereka. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya Kapany pa ma fiber bundles opangira zithunzi, Kao pa mauthenga, ndi chitukuko cha Corning cha fiber yeniyeni yotsika mtengo. Mwanjira imeneyi, wogwiritsa ntchito amapeza chithunzi chokwanira popanda kuphweka kwambiri.

Komanso, ganizirani cholinga chomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo angakhale nacho. Angafunike chidziwitsochi pa ntchito ya kusukulu, ulaliki, kapena chidziwitso cha anthu onse. Mulimonsemo, kupereka nthawi yomveka bwino komanso kufunika kwa chilichonse chomwe wapereka kungathandize. Mwina kuphatikiza masiku kuti apereke nkhani.

Ndiyenera kupewa mawu olankhulirana koma ndiyenera kukhalabe wolondola. Mawu monga "kuwunikira kwathunthu kwamkati" kapena "kutayika kwa chizindikiro" angafunike kufotokozera mwachidule ngati wogwiritsa ntchito sakudziwa bwino. Koma popeza buku lapitalo lidafotokoza zoyambira zina, mwina ali ndi kumvetsetsa pang'ono kale.

Yang'anani ngati pali malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amawaganizira. Mwachitsanzo, ena angaganize kuti Alexander Graham Bell anali ndi udindo, koma Photophone yake inkagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kopanda ulusi. Choncho fotokozani bwino kuti kupangidwa kwa fiber optics kunabwera pambuyo pake.

Onaninso mfundo ziwiri: pepala la Kao la mu 1966, nkhani yodziwika bwino ya Corning ya mu 1970, ntchito ya Kapany ya m'ma 1950. Komanso, tchulani Mphoto za Nobel ngati zili zoyenera—Kao adapambana Mphoto ya Nobel mu Fizikisi mu 2009. Zimenezo zimawonjezera kudalirika kwa zomwe adapereka.

Mwachidule, konzani yankho kuti liwonetse anthu ofunikira, maudindo awo, ndi nthawi yake. Fotokozani momveka bwino kuti ngakhale opanga zinthu ambiri adachita mbali, ntchito ya Kao inali yofunika kwambiri pa fiber optics yamakono. Komanso, dziwani gulu lomwe lidapanga fiber yoyamba yothandiza.

Kupangidwa kwa ukadaulo wa fiber optic ndi zotsatira zazoyesayesa zogwirizana ndi asayansi ndi mainjiniya ambirikwa zaka makumi ambiri. Ngakhale kuti palibe munthu m'modzi amene amaonedwa kuti ndiye "wopanga zinthu zatsopano," akatswiri ofunikira adakhazikitsa maziko a fiber optics yamakono:

1. Narinder Singh Kapany (1950s):

Kawirikawiri amatchedwa"Bambo wa Fiber Optics,"Kapany (ndi Harold Hopkins) adawonetsa njira yoyamba yogwirira ntchitomtolo wa ulusi wotumizira zithunzim'zaka za m'ma 1950. Ntchito yake inatsimikizira kuti kuwala kumatha kutsogoleredwa kudzera mu ulusi wagalasi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yopangira ma endoscope azachipatala ndi makina ojambula zithunzi.

• Zopereka: Kutumiza kwa kuwala kotsimikizika kudzera mu ulusi wagalasi wopindika.

2. Charles K. Kao (zaka za m'ma 1960):

Kao, yemwe adapambana mphoto ya Nobel (2009), amadziwika kuti ndi"Bambo wa Kulumikizana kwa Fiber Optic."Mu 1966, iye ndi George Hockham adasindikiza kafukufuku wodabwitsa wosonyeza kutiulusi wagalasi woyeretsedwa kwambiri ukhoza kutumiza zizindikiro za kuwala pamtunda wautalindi kutayika kochepa.

• Chidziwitso Chofunika: Anazindikira kuti zinyalala zomwe zili mugalasi zimayambitsa kutayika kwa chizindikiro ndipo anapereka ulusi woyera kwambiri wolumikizirana.

• Zotsatira: Zinathandiza kuti pakhale maukonde a fiber optic omwe amatha mtunda wautali komanso othamanga kwambiri.

3. Gulu la Corning Glass Works (1970):

Mu 1970,Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, ndi Peter Schultzku Corning adapangaCHIKWANGWANI choyamba chotsika mtengo chowunikiraamatha kunyamula zizindikiro za telecom. Ulusi wawo unataya17 dB/km, kuposa zoyesayesa zakale.

• Kupambana: Kulumikizana kwa fiber optic kothandiza komanso kothandiza patali.

4. Apainiya Oyambirira (Asanafike zaka za m'ma 1950):

• Daniel Colladon ndi Jacques Babinet (1840s): Kuwala kowonetsedwa kotsogolera kudzera m'majeti amadzi (choyambira ku fiber optics).

• Alexander Graham Bell (1880): Anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala (Photophone), ngakhale kuti sanagwiritse ntchito ulusi.

Chifukwa Chake Ndi Ntchito Yagulu

• Nsapatokuyang'ana kwambiri pa kujambula zithunzi,Mongakuthetsa mavuto aukadaulo okhudza telecom, ndipoCorningadapanga ulusi wothandiza.

• Zatsopano zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pake (ma laser, ma amplifiers, ndi multiplexing) ndi ena zinapititsa patsogolo ukadaulo.

Cholowa

Fiber optics inasintha kwambiri kulankhulana padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zinathandiza intaneti, zingwe za pansi pa nyanja, ndi 5G. Mphoto ya Nobel ya Kao (2009) ikuwonetsa udindo wake woyambira, koma kupanga kumeneku kukuwonetsa mgwirizano wa zaka makumi ambiri.