Tambo dze fiber optic zvakagadzirwa negirazi kana mapurasitiki chete, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutumirwa uye kure. Zvinowedzerawo kubatanidza machira ekudzivirira kuti agare kwenguva refu asi achitsungirira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Pakati pechinhu, kazhinji kacho panobva pagirazi rakachena zvakanyanya, panotakura zviratidzo zvinobva muchiedza, uye cladding inoita kuti chiratidzo chiratidzike nekusingaperi mukati mechinhu. Kupfeka kwekunze, senge polymer outer sheath, kunowedzera dziviriro uye kugona kukotama.

Zvinhu izvi zvese zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvipe kutaurirana nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana. Kuziva zvinhu izvi kuchakubvumidza kusarudza waya yakakodzera zvaunoda uku uchinyatso tarisa mashandiro, mutengo, uye nharaunda.

Chii chinonzi Fiber Optic Cable?

Tambo dzefiber optic, dzinoshandisa masaini echiedza panzvimbo peemagetsi, ndidzo nzira dzinoshanda zvakanyanya pakutumira data. Tambo idzi dzefiber optic dzakagadzirwa nepakati pemukati nekunze kwekunze, dzakagadzirirwa kushandisa mukana wekutarisa kwemukati kwese. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti pakati, iyo yakagadzirwa nesilicon dioxide (SiO2) yakachena kwazvo, ine indekisi yakakura ye refraction.

Nekuita izvi, inodarika refractive index yecladding. Nekuda kwekuchena kwepakati, kujeka kunoita sekunge uri kutarisa nepahwindo remakiromita mashanu. Dhizaini iyi ine patent inogonesa kutakurwa kwedata nekukurumidza uye kwakavimbika munzvimbo refu zvikuru.

Fiber optics ndiyo musimboti wezvivakwa zvedu zvekutaurirana kubva painternet inokurumidza kusvika pakubatana pakati penzvimbo dzedata. Masisitimu emazuva ano anokwanisa kutsigira traffic pa800 Gbps. Muchokwadi, sezvatakaona nemashandisirwo etekinoroji yefiber optic munzvimbo, fiber inogona kuunza kumhanya nekukurumidza kane mazana kupfuura chokwadi cheinternet chanhasi, ichichinja zvakanyanya nzira yatinotaurirana uye yatinowana ruzivo.

Tambo idzi dzinoita kuti chiedza chisanonoka zvakanyanya. Sezvo chiedza chichifamba nemakiromita angangoita 124,000 pasekondi, izvi zvinongoreva kunonoka kwema microsecond mashanu kusvika mashanu nehafu pamakiromita pamakiromita.

Kugadzirwa kwetambo dze fiber optic kunobva pakunyatsorongeka. Huremu hwacho, hunowanzova 0.0003 kusvika 0.001 inches mudhayamita zvichienderana nekuti multimode kana singlemode inoshandiswa here, hunotumira masaini iwayo echiedza. Multimode fibers dzinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Mafiber emhando dzakasiyana-siyana ane macore akakura uye mashandiro ari nani ekushandisa ari kure, izvo zvinoita kuti ave akakodzera network dzenzvimbo (LANs). Kusiyana neizvi, mafiber emhando imwe chete akagadzirirwa kutumira kure, sezvinodiwa pakutaurirana. Chifukidziro, chine dhayamita yakakura zvishoma pane yepakati, chinoita kuti chiedza chirambe chakavharirwa mukati mepakati.

Mamwe machira, akadai sejira rekudzivirira, nhengo yesimba rearamid, uye jaketi rekunze, anodzivirira tambo, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakasimba kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Fiber optic cables ine mabhenefiti akajeka zvikuru kana tichienzanisa necopper cables.

Dzinonzwa kurasikirwa kushoma kwemasaini, anoyerwa mumadecibel pakiromita, kubva pa0.06 dB/mamaira kune single-mode kusvika pa1 dB/mamaira kune multimode. Kugona kwadzo kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti dzikwanise kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira network dzekutaurirana, nzvimbo dzedata, uye kunyange internet yekugara.

Zvikamu Zvikuru zveFiber Optic Cables

Tambo dze fiber optic dzine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha, chimwe nechimwe chichishanda basa rakakosha rekubatanidza kuti data rifambiswe zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu izvi zvese zvine basa guru mukushanda, kuvimbika, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwetambo. Pazasi, tinonyatsoongorora zvinhu izvi zviri pakati.

Core: Chiteshi Chekutumira Chiedza

Pakati petambo ye fiber optic pane musimboti, uyo unotakura zviratidzo zvechiedza zvinotumira data. Musimboti igirazi rakatetepa kana kuti purasitiki rakavharirwa mu cladding. Misimboti yegirazi inoita kuti zviratidzo zvishande zvakanaka padaro refu, sezvo isingarasikirwi nezviratidzo zvakawanda.

Macore epurasitiki, kunyange zvazvo asingashande zvakanaka, akachipa uye anochinjika zviri nyore zvichiita kuti ashandiswe mumabasa mapfupi. Kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwese kunokanganiswawo nedhayamita yecore. Core iyi diki inowanzo kuwanikwa mu single-mode fibers, iyo inofarirwa pakutumira ma "long-mode" nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwayo kushoma kwesignali.

Dzinopa kurasikirwa kwakaderera zvikuru kwechiratidzo, kazhinji kacho 0.19 dB/km pa 1550 nm wavelength. Mafiber e multimode akawanda anoshanda zviri nani padaro pfupi. Dzine attenuation rate ye3 dB/km pa 850 nm.

Kufukidza: Kuvandudza Kuvharirwa kweChiedza

Chinotenderedza midhuri ndicho chifukidziro, chinoshanda kudzorera chiedza mukati memidhuri kuti zviratidzo zvirambe zvakasimba padaro refu. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemusiyano we refractive index pakati pemidhuri ne cladding, kazhinji 1.49 ne1.47, zvichiteerana, pahurefu hwe1300 nanometers.

Musiyano uyu unogadzira chiitiko chekufungisisa kwemukati mese, izvo zvinodiwa kuti data re fiber optic rifambe zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvinofukidza machira zvinoderedza zvikuru kubuda kwechiratidzo nekurasikirwa kuti zvipe kutapurirana kwedata kwemhando yepamusoro uye kwakanaka.

Kudzikira kwechiratidzo mumafiber emazuva ano e multimode graded-index kunogona kuderera kusvika pa decibel imwe chete pakiromita imwe chete pa 1300 nanometers. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kukosha kwekugadzira ma cladding nekungwarira.

Kuputira/Kuvhara: Kudzivirira Fiber

Chifukidziro chikuru chebuffer chinoburitswa pamusoro pechifukidziro kudzivirira fiber kubva mukumanikidzwa kwemagetsi nezvinhu zvekunze. Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvakadai seacrylate kana silicone zvinopa kuchinjika uye dziviriro kubva kuunyoro.

Mapendi aya anowedzera kuvandudza kugara kwenguva refu kwetambo, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kurarama nekunetseka panguva yekubata nekuisa.

Kusimbisa Fibers: Kuve nechokwadi chekuti inogara kwenguva refu

Nhengo dzekunze dzakaita seKevlar kana Twaron, dzinorukwa mutambo kuti dzisaputsike. Zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira kuparadzira kusimba kwakafanana, zvichichengetedza ganda risina kusimba uye chifukidzo panguva yese yekuisa nekushanda.

Simba iri rekuwedzera rinobatsira kuti tambo iyi ive yakavimbika zvikuru, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuoma.

Bhegi: Kupa Dziviriro Yese

Jekete rekunze rinoshanda senzira yekupedzisira yekudzivirira, richivhara zvinhu zvese zvemukati uye richizvidzivirira kubva kumasimba ekunze akadai sekuchekwa uye kupinda kwemvura. Zvinhu zve ethylene kana PVC sheath zvinonyanya kushandiswa patambo dze fiber optic kudzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvakakomba zvakatipoteredza, ukuwo zvichipa tambo kuchinjika.

Kazhinji majaketi ane jira rakawanda anoshanda kudzivirira tambo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ayo munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo kana mashandisirwo ayo.

Zvinhu zveFiber Optic Cable: Pfupiso

Tambo dze fiber optic dzine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chinosarudzwa kuti chiwedzere kushanda, hurefu, uye zvinodiwa zvemashandisirwo chaiwo. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira tambo dze fiber optic zvinoita basa guru mukukwanisa kwetambo kutumira data nemazvo. Zvinokanganisa kugona kwetambo kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze uye emakanika.

Kuziva zvinhu zvinogadzirwa netambo dze fiber optic kuchakuratidza mashandiro adzo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekusarudza zvinhu mune tekinoroji iyi yemazuva ano.

1. Zvinhu Zvikuru: Girazi vs. Plastiki

Kufukidza tambo ye fiber optic kunodzivirira core ne cladding. Magirazi egirazi, anogadzirwa ne high-purity silica, anokosheswa nekuda kwekujeka kwawo kwakanaka uye kurasikirwa kwemasaini mashoma padaro refu. Girazi resilica, rakagadzirwa ne quartz yakanyungudutswa, rinosvika padanho rekururama kunoshamisa.

Tekinoroji iyi inoshamisa inobvumira kuti data ritumirwe pasina kupindira kwakanyanya. Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepanyika, zvakaita segermanium, zvinogona kuunzwa kuti zviwedzere refractive index. Kudzokorodza germanium kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti haiwanzoitiki, inowanikwa muhuwandu hushoma muganda rePasi.

Mapurasitiki epurasitiki haadhure zvakanyanya uye ari nyore kugadzira. Ane mabhenefiti anovimbisa zvikuru ekushandiswa kure, kunyanya muzvivakwa nemidziyo yevatengi.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kugara kwenguva refu uye kuchinjika kunodiwa pane kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira data kure. Mashinda epurasitiki haasi sarudzo yakanakisisa yekutumira data kure, asi anogona kuva sarudzo inoshanda kune mashandisirwo anodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusadhura kwawo.

2. Zvinhu zveKufukidza: Kuumbwa uye Chinangwa

Kufukidza chiedza kunoita basa guru mukuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwechiedza chinobuda. Kufukidza kwacho kunowanzogadzirwa nemapolymers ane fluorinated kana silica yakasanganiswa. Kunovhara mukati mechiedza uye kunodzosera chiedza mukati macho, uchishandisa pfungwa yekufungisisa kwemukati mechiedza.

Pamwe chete, izvi zvinoita kuti pasave nekurasikirwa kukuru kwemasaini uye kutapurirana kwemashoko zvakanaka. Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekufukidza ndicho chinhu chakakosha kune mashandisirwo anoda kunyatsorongeka, sekutaurirana kana kutora mifananidzo yezvekurapa.

3. Zvinhu zvekuputira: Mhando nemabasa

Kazhinji tinosiya machira ekudzivirira kubva muhurukuro dziri patambo dze fiber optic nekuti anowanikwa kwose kwose. Zvinhu zvakaita se acrylate kana polyimide zvinodzivirira fiber kubva mumvura, kubvaruka uye zvimwe zvinonetsa zvakatipoteredza uye zvezuva nezuva.

Mapendi aya anobatsira kuti tambo ikwanise kuchinjika uye kugara kwenguva refu. Anogonesa tambo kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuisa uye kutsungirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza ukuwo ichipa mashandiro akanaka kwazvo.

Magirazi eFiber Optics: Kunyura Zvakadzika

Magirazi e fiber optics akachinja indasitiri yekutaurirana nekupa zvivakwa zvekutumira data nekukurumidza, kuvimbika zvakanyanya, uye kuri kwose kwose kwenguva refu. Mafiber aya, akaumbwa negirazi rakachena kwazvo, akachinja mafambiro eruzivo, kubva patambo dzepasi pegungwa dzinotenderera makondinendi kusvika kune network dzemunharaunda dzinotsigira dzimba nemabhizinesi.

Chimiro chavo chikuru chine girazi, chifukidziro, uye chifukidziro chekudzivirira. Musanganiswa uyu wakasiyana unobatsira pakutumira masaini zvakanaka uye kurasikirwa kushoma pamwe nekusimba. Vanotakura anopfuura 90% yeinternet yepasi rose, zvichiratidza kukosha kwavo kukuru pakubatana kwepasi rose.

Girazi reSilica: Sarudzo Yakakosha

Girazi resilica ndiyo nzira inosarudzwa ye fiber optics nekuda kwekuchena kwayo kusingaenzaniswi uye kujeka kwemaziso. Nekudzikira kwechiratidzo kusingaenzaniswi, data rinogona kufamba makiromita akawanda pasina kukanganisa, zvichiita kuti fiber yegirazi ive chinhu chakakwana chekutaurirana nekukurumidza.

Uyezve, hunhu hwakanaka hwesilica, kusanganisira mwero wakaderera wekupararira nekunyudzwa, hunobatsira kuwedzera simba remasaini uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekutumira. Chinhu chitsva ichi chakasimba zvakakwana kuti chirarame tembiricha yakanyanyisa uye mamiriro ekunze. Kugara kwenguva refu uku kunowedzera kusimbisa nzvimbo yayo seyero yegoridhe mune tekinoroji yegirazi fiber optic.

Mishonga Inodhaka: Kugadzirisa Refractive Index

Mishonga yedoping inokosha pakugadzirisa refractive index yemagirazi fibers. Izvi zvinowedzera makemikari zvine chekuita neprocess, zvakaita segermanium kana phosphorus, zvinoshandura magadzirirwo egirazi zvinoita kuti rikwanise kutungamira chiedza zvinobudirira.

Kuisa dope mugirazi kunokanganisa musiyano we refractive index pakati pepakati nepakati pemachira. Izvi zvinoumba muganhu wemukati unoratidza chiedza chiri mukati mepakati, zvichiwedzera kutumira kwechiratidzo. Nekubvisa zvinhu zvinotungamira mukukanganiswa, nhanho iyi yekudzora inowedzera kugona kwekutakura data uku ichideredza kukanganiswa, zvichiita kuti kudiwa kwekutaurirana nekukurumidza uye kwakavimbika kuvepo nhasi.

Kugadzira Magirazi Akachena Zvikuru

Kugadzira magirazi akachena zvakanyanya kunoda nzira dzakanyatsojeka, dzakadai seModified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD). Semuenzaniso, uchishandisa nzira yeMCVD, magasi echloride anopinzwa muchubhu ye silica inotenderera, zvichigadzira preform - silinda yegirazi isina chinhu.

Iyi preform inozodziiswa yozokweverwa kuita mafiber matete, akafanana nedhayamita rinodiwa. Maitiro ekudhirowa anovimbisa simba guru rezvinhu. Kuchena ndiko kwakakosha; kunyangwe tsvina shoma yeppm inogona kukanganisa mashandiro emaziso. Maitiro ekugadzira emazuva ano anofanirwa kusvika pakujeka uye kusimba kunodiwa nemafiber aya kuti agone kutsungirira kuomarara kwekutaurirana pasi rese nhasi.

Mabhenefiti eGirazi Fibers

Magirazi efaibha haana anoenzana nehukuru hwawo hwekutumira data, achikwanisa kutakura bandwidth yakakura munzvimbo refu pasina kuora. Faibha imwe chete inogona kutakura mavhidhiyo anodarika mamiriyoni gumi panguva imwe chete.

Kugara kwenguva refu kwadzo kunoderedza kudiwa kwekutsiva nekubhadhara mari yekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti dzive mhinduro yakakwana kumabhizinesi asingatarisiri mari. Kusadzivirirwa kwadzo pakukanganiswa nemagetsi kunoita kuti dzive sarudzo yakavimbika yenzvimbo dzinoda mari yakawanda.

Zvakaipa zveMagirazi Fibers

Kunyange zvazvo machira egirazi aine zvakanakira zvakawanda, kune mamwe matambudziko pakushandiswa kwawo. Kusasimba kwawo zvinoreva kuti anofanira kubatwa nokungwarira panguva yekuaisa kuti asaputsike.

Maitiro ekuisa pachawo anogona kutora nguva yakawanda, zvichida mainjiniya ane hunyanzvi uye maturusi akakosha. Chekutanga, masisitimu egirazi anodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe maitiro. Sezvinotaurwa nechero murongi wezvekufambisa ane ruzivo, mabhenefiti avo enguva refu anogara achipfuura mari idzi.

Magirazi ePlastiki eFiber: Kunyura Zvakadzika

Magirazi epurasitiki, anowanzo shandiswa segirazi, ane zvakanakira zvinogutsa zvinodiwa. Kunyange zvazvo magirazi egirazi achigadzirwa kubva mu liquid silica uye achida kushandiswa nemazvo, mapurasitiki epurasitiki anogadzirwa achishandisa mapolymers. Maitiro aya anogadzira mapurasitiki anochinjika uye asingadhuri.

Kunyange zvazvo magirazi ari pamusoro pekutaurirana kure nekuda kwekugona kwawo kutumira data nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzakakura, mapurasitiki e optical fibers (POFs) anopenya mumashandisirwo ari pedyo, akadai semwenje yemotokari, magetsi emagetsi evatengi, uye mwenje wekushongedza. Kukwanisa kwawo kutakura chiedza zviri nani kupfuura girazi, pamwe chete nesimba rawo, kunoita kuti ave sarudzo inoshanduka-shanduka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.

MaPolymer eAcrylic: Zvinhu zvePurasitiki Zvakajairika

Pamapolymer eacrylic, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumafiber epurasitiki. PMMA ine musanganiswa wakasiyana wekunzwisisa kwakanyanya kwemaziso, kuderera kwechiedza padaro pfupi, uye kuramba kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza. Hunhu uhwu hwakasiyana hunoita kuti ishande zvakanaka pakutumira chiedza chinooneka.

Kushanda zvakanaka uku kunoita kuti mashandisirwo akadai sema "accent" uye mwenje wemukati memotokari zvive nyore. Ma "acrylic fibers" akachengeteka uye ari nyore kushandisa kupfuura ma "glass fiber optics". Haanyanyi kuputsika uye anogona kuumbwa kuita magadzirirwo akapfava asingaputsike.

Pakutumira data kure, magirazi fibers ndiwo anonyanya kukosha. Anoita izvi nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemasaini uye kugona kwawo kuva nebandwidth yakakwira.

Mabhenefiti eMafiber epurasitiki

Mashinda epurasitiki ane mabhenefiti akawanda, kunyanya mukushandiswa kure. Akareruka, anochinjika, uye haakuvadzwi nekuputika, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinogara kwenguva refu. Kushanda zvakanaka kwemari yawo kunoita kuti akwanise kuiswa munzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvevatengi, uko zvinhu zvevatengi zvinowanzo deredzwa nemitengo yezvinhu.

Nekuda kwekuchinjika kwadzo, kudziisa kuri nyore. Muganho wadzo wakaderera unoita kuti nzira yekufamba munzvimbo dzakasiyana, dzakadai semukati memotokari kana zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakawanda, ive nyore uye inochinjika.

Zvakaipa zveMafiber epurasitiki

Pane dambudziko: machira epurasitiki haasi mushonga wekurapa. Ane bandwidth yakaderera pane machira egirazi uye madaro mapfupi ekutumirwa uye anogona kurasikirwa nechiratidzo. Kusvibiswa neUV nekuchinja kwetembiricha, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakatipoteredza, zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro azvo nekufamba kwenguva.

Pasinei nematambudziko aya, kana akashandiswa zvakanaka, mabhenefiti awo anopfuura zvakanyanya nyaya idzi.

Mashandisirwo eMafiber epurasitiki

Mashinda epurasitiki atove kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumwenje yemotokari, kuratidzwa kwekushongedza, uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Ari kuramba achikosha pakutaurirana, kutamisa data kwenguva pfupi, uye kunyanya, network dzemuno.

Kushanda kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana ndiko kunoita kuti varambe vachishanda mumabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Girazi vs. Plastiki: Kuenzanisa Kwakadzama

Tambo dze fiber optic dzave kukosha zvikuru mukutaurirana kwemazuva ano. Kushanda kwadzo uye kukodzera kwadzo zvinongoenderana nezvinhu zvaunosarudza kuzvigadzira. Zvinhu zviviri izvi igirazi nepurasitiki, chimwe nechimwe chine zvakanakira nezvachinokanganisa. Kujairana nemisiyano iyi mikuru kunobatsira zvikuru pakusarudza sarudzo yakanakira application yako yakasiyana.

Zvimiro zveOptical uye Mashandiro eSignali

Nekuti girazi fiber rine refractive index yakakwira zvikuru pakutanga, zvinoreva kuti rinogona kutakura data rakawanda zvakajeka zvikuru. Maumbirwo aro anoita kuti rive rakakodzera kutapurirana data nekukurumidza munzvimbo refu, richichengetedza kuvimbika kwechiratidzo kunyangwe pasina kurasikirwa kukuru kwechiratidzo. Semuenzaniso, girazi fibers rinogona kuwana BER ye10^-12. Kushanda uku kunoita kuti rive rakavimbika mukushandiswa kwakaoma mumabhizinesi nemaindasitiri.

Mafaibha egirazi anodzivirira zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti ashandiswe munzvimbo dzine ruzha rukuru rwemagetsi. Mafaibha epurasitiki (POF) ane kuderera kwakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti daro rawo rekufambisa rive pasi pemamita zana. POF yakanaka pakugadzira kubatana nekukurumidza mukati mezvivakwa, kunyanya mudzimba nedzimba dzeSOHO.

Zvisinei, haishande zvakanaka mukushandiswa kure kana mukushandiswa kunoda kutumirwa kwebandwidth yakawanda. Hunhu hwegirazi fiber hwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakaita kuti ive chinhu chinosarudzwa pakutumira data rakakosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekutaurirana nedzedata.

Kufunga Nezvemutengo

Fiber yepurasitiki inowanzo dhura zvishoma pakutanga, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti ive sarudzo inonakidza kumapurojekiti ane bhajeti shoma. Maitiro ayo ekugadzira ari nyore uye mitengo yezvinhu isingadhuri inobatsira kutsanangura mutengo wayo wakaderera. Fiber yegirazi inopa kukosha kukuru kwenguva refu, nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kuri nani, kugara kwenguva refu uye kudzikira kwechiratidzo nekufamba kwenguva.

Kushandiswa kwegirazi fiber kunoda michina yakasarudzika, hunyanzvi, uye nzira dzekuisa, zvichiwedzera mitengo yekutanga. Kunyange hazvo mutengo wayo wekutanga ungaratidzika kunge wakakwira, kugona kwayo kuchengetedza network dzakasimba uye dzinomhanya zvakanyanya kunoderedza zvakanyanya kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kana kutsiva mune ramangwana.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mutengo ndiwo wega unofungidzirwa, faibha yepurasitiki inofanira kukwana kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi kana kuti isina bandwidth yakawanda. Kune mabhizinesi anonyatsoda kuvimbika uye kukura, faibha inowanzo kuve yakachengeteka kwenguva refu.

Kugara kwenguva refu uye hupenyu hurefu

Machira egirazi akasimba zvakasikwa, anokwanisa kubata tembiricha dzakanyanya kupisa, pamwe nekupisa kwakaderera, kubva pa -40°F kusvika 900°F. Kugara kwenguva refu uku kunoita kuti akwanise kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kungave mumafekitori ekugadzira kana munzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu, kana kuiswa kunze. Pasinei nezvakanakira machira egirazi, machira epurasitiki haana kusimba asi anochinjika - chinhu chinogona kushandiswa mune mamwe mashandisirwo.

Asi panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwehupenyu hwavo hupfupi uye kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekupisa neUV, kuvimbika kwenguva refu kunokanganiswa.

Kuisa uye Kugadzirisa

Nekuchinjika uye kusasimba kwakanyanya, machira epurasitiki ari nyore kubata nekuisa. Kushanda uku pamwe chete nekukwanisika kwawo kunoita kuti magirazi emarble ave chinhu chakanaka kune vanogadzira zvinhu zvavo kana mapurojekiti madiki.

Kune rumwe rutivi, machira egirazi anoda kuiswa neunyanzvi, sezvo kuomarara kwawo uye kunyatsoita zvinhu zvinoda maturusi nehunyanzvi. Zviri nyore kuchengetedza machira egirazi, sezvo ari emhando yepamusoro. Hunhu uhwu hwepamusoro hunoderedza zvikuru njodzi yezvinetso zvakaita sekuora kwechiratidzo kana kupera simba nekukura.

Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kufambira Mberi

Basa re fiber optics rave richifambira mberi nekukurumidza mune zvesainzi yezvinhu, richizadzisa kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kwekushanda uye kugara kwenguva refu uku richigadzirisa matambudziko makuru. Kufambira mberi uku kwakaita kuti pave nekushivirira tembiricha uye kugara kwenguva refu. Kunowedzera kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kudzikira kwezvinodiwa zvema network ekukurukurirana emazuva ano.

Zvinhu Zvinopisa Zvikuru

Zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira machira epamusoro uye silica inodzivirira kupisa zvakagadzirwa kuti zvirambe zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uku zvichiramba zvichiita basa rakanaka. Semuenzaniso, silica fiber ine hutsanana hwakanyanya inogona kutsungirira tembiricha dzinopfuura 1,800°F, dzakakodzera mundege, kugadzira uye mamwe mabhizinesi emaindasitiri.

Zvinhu izvi zvinokosha zvikuru munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya. Zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakanyanya kuomarara kune fiber dzechinyakare, senge muinjini dzejeti kana maovheni emaindasitiri. Kuburikidza nekushandisa zvinhu izvi, fiber optics inowana kuvimbika kwakanyanya, ichipa kutapurirana kwedata uye kuyerwa kwakasimba pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kwakanyanya kwekupisa.

Zvinhu Zvinorasikirwa Nemutengo Wakaderera

Zvinhu zvakadaro zvisinganyanyi kurasikirwa zvaive zvakakosha pakubudirira mu fiber optics, senge girazi re silica rakasanganiswa neGermany, izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kuora kwemasaini mudaro refu. Iyi nzira itsva yakaita kuti kufambiswa kwemashoko kuve nyore, zvichivhura mukana wekutaurirana kwakajeka uye nekukurumidza kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzema network.

Zvaive zvinoshamisa zvikuru apo, muma1970, fibre yekutanga ye optical ine kurasikirwa kushoma yakauya ikachinja kubatana kwepasi rose nekusingaperi. Kunyangwe nhasi tiri kuramba tichivandudza tekinoroji iyi nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi. Nhasi, maitiro ekugadzira epamberi akatsiva ayo ane fibre dzakarasikirwa kushoma kwazvo dzisina kukwana, zvichiwedzera kunaka kwemasaini uye mashandiro enetwork.

Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Kugara Kwenguva Refu

Tambo dze fiber optic dzinoiswa munzvimbo dziri kure uye dzine utsinye dzinoda zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi kukuvara kwemuviri uye kuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvitsva zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki akagadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvinhu zvinovhara mvura zvine nzvimbo dzakavharika pakati pemawiri ewaya akadzivirirwa zvakawedzera simba rewaya zvakanyanya.

Kuvandudzwa uku kunodzivirira mafiber kubva mumvura, UV light, uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemakanika. Iyi nzira itsva inoita kuti ashande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinoshanda zvakanyanya dzakadai setambo dzepasi pegungwa uye nzvimbo dzekunze. Kugara kwenguva refu kwakakosha munzvimbo dzinodiwa zvakanyanya uko kugadziriswa nguva nenguva kunogona kukonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza uye mari yakawanda yebasa.

Kuderedza Kuderedzwa kweChiratidzo

Kudzikiswa kwechiratidzo, kana kurasikirwa nacho, ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mu fiber optics. Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu nekugadzirwa, kusanganisira dispersion-shifted fibers uye single-mode fibers, kwakaita basa guru mukukunda dambudziko iroro.

Zvitsva izvi zvinoderedza kupararira nekunyudzwa kwedata, zvichibvumira kutamiswa kwedata kwakadzama uye kwakanaka. Kuwanda kwemafungu kana kuwanda kwemafungu (WDM) kunowedzera kugona nematanho akati wandei. Kana zvakabatana nekuderedzwa kwakaderera, zvinowedzera mashandiro ehurongwa hwepamusoro uye zvinokurudzira mashandisirwo ebandwidth yakakwira.

Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza uye Mashandiro Ezvinhu

Tambo dze fiber optic dzinopa kushanda zvakanaka, kugara kwenguva refu uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza. Kushanda kwadzo kunonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvadzinogadzirwa nazvo uye nharaunda yadzinosangana nayo. Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvine basa guru pakushanda kwenguva refu kwetambo idzi.

Kupisa, kushushikana kwemuchina, kusangana nemakemikari, uye hunyoro ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoita kuti zvisashande zvakanaka. Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera kwakakosha kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinovimbika, kuderedza kugadziriswa, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuisa fiber optic, izvo zvinogona kubva pamakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana.

Kunzwisisa Tembiricha

Kuchinja kwakanyanya kwekushisa kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvikamu zve fiber optic. Uyezve, kupisa kwakanyanya kana kutonhora kuchaita kuti pakati petambo necladding zvikure kana kupwanyika. Kuchinja uku kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kana kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo.

Pakati nepakati pesimbi zvine musiyano we refractive index unodzorwa ne1% kana uchishandisa madopants. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukana uyu unogona kuchinja kana tembiricha yakwira, izvo zvinoita kuti chiedza chidzikire.

Nekushandisa zvinhu zvakavakwa zvichifunga nezvekudzivirira kupisa—kusanganisira zvinhu zve polymer zvemhando yepamusoro uye machira—mapurojekiti anowana kugadzikana kwenguva refu mumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mumamiriro ekunze ane tembiricha inochinja-chinja zuva nezuva. Kutumira data nekukurumidza kunoda kuti chiratidzo chirambe chakasimba nguva dzese.

Kuramba Kushushikana Kwemagetsi

Painoiswa uye kunyangwe panguva yekushanda, tambo dze fiber optic dzinomanikidzwa zvakanyanya sekukombama, kudhonza nekupwanya. Nekufamba kwenguva, masimba aya anopwanya nekushayisa simba chimiro chemukati chetambo.

Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, vagadziri vakashandisa zvinhu zvakaita semarangi earamid uye machira akasimbiswa kuti vadzivirire kubva pakukuvadzwa kwemakanika. Semuenzaniso, tambo dzakaiswa muzvivakwa zvemaguta dzinofanira kutsungirira kushushikana kwekuisa uye kukuvadzwa kwenguva refu kubva mukufamba kwezvakatipoteredza, senge mhepo kana kufamba kwepasi.

Nekuwedzera kusimba kwemuchina, zvinhu izvi hazvingobatsiri chete kugara kwenguva refu asi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekuchinjwa nguva nenguva, zvichitsigira hupenyu hwetambo yacho hwemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana.

Kuramba Makemikari

Kusangana nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuora kwezvinhu zve fiber optic. Mafuta, zvinonyungudutsa, nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvemaindasitiri zvinogona kukanganisa kana kukanganisa jira rinodzivirira tambo ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera njodzi.

Zvinhu zvisingapindi makemikari, zvakaita semapolymers nemaacrylates, zvinodzivirira tambo munzvimbo dzakadai semafekitori kana pasi pevhu, uko njodzi dzekusangana nechinhu dziri pamusoro. Kugona uku kwagara kuripo kwakabvumira fiber optics kuti ibudirire mumabasa akawanda.

Kubva pamapuratifomu ekubvisa mafuta kusvika kumafekitori ekugadzirisa mvura, zvinopa mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Mhedzisiro yeHumidity

Hunyoro hunokonzera njodzi huru kutambo dze fiber optic. Izvi zvinoita kuti hunyoro hupinde mutambo, zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zvisashande zvakanaka kana kuti zviratidzo zvisashande zvakanaka.

Masherufu asingapindi hunyoro uye mishonga inovhara mvura zvakakosha pakudzivirira matambudziko aya. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dziri kumahombekombe.

Nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuisa, dzakadai sekuvhara nzvimbo dzekupinda nekushandisa mishonga yekusvina, makambani anogona kudzivirira matambudziko akawanda ane chekuita nehunyoro. Maitiro aya anovimbisa kuti tambo dziri kushanda zvakanaka, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda.

Zvinoita kuti data ritumirwe nenzira inoshanda nesimba, zvichida simba shoma kusvika 70% pa gigabit pane network dzemhangura.

Mhedziso

Tambo dze fiber optic dzinoenderana nekusimba kwezvinhu zviri pakati padzo kuti dzipe kushanda kwepamusoro uye kuvimbika. Tambo dzegirazi dzakanyatsojeka uye dzinogara kwenguva refu, nepo machira epurasitiki achipa zvakanakira pakuchinjika uye mutengo. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine zvakanakira zvakasiyana zvinogutsa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kune network yakakura inokurumidza kusvika pakutaurirana kwepfupi uye kunyange mashandisirwo akakosha. Kuvandudzwa kutsva muhunyanzvi hwezvinhu hakuna kupera, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwekushanda uye kugadzikana.

Kuva neruzivo nezvezvinhu izvi kunokutendera kuti unzwisise zvakanakira nekushaikwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chiri muprojekiti yako. Kungave kugara kwenguva refu, kuchinjika, kana zvinodiwa zvisina njodzi kunharaunda, kusarudza tambo ye fiber optic yakakodzera kunoita kuti chigadzirwa chishande zvakanaka. Tsvaga zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa zvaunoda zvakasiyana uye ita kuzvipira kwakakodzera kune mhinduro dzakasimba, dzakagadzirira ramangwana dzinochinja sezvo zvinodiwa zvichikura uye zvichichinja. Batanidza ne broadband yakawanda. Gara uine ruzivo uye ita sarudzo chaiyo yekuchinja kwakanaka.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mu fiber optic cables?

Tambo dze fiber optic dzinowanzogadzirwa negirazi kana purasitiki yepamusoro-soro. Tambo dzegirazi dzinogadzirwa nesilica chaiyo, asi tambo dzepurasitiki dzinoshandisa ma polymers. Zvinhu zvese izvi zvakakodzera kutumira masaini echiedza nekutaurirana.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zviri nani: girazi kana plastiki?

Girazi rinopa bandwidth yakakura uye kutumira daro refu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune network dzenhare. Zvichidhura zvishoma, zvinopinda nyore uye zviri nyore kuisa, purasitiki inowanzo shandiswa mukufamba kwenguva pfupi uye mune mamwe mashandisirwo ari kure.

Sei girazi richinyanya kushandiswa mufiber optic cables?

Girazi rinosarudzwa nekuda kwekufambiswa kwaro kwechiedza kuri nani, kurasikirwa nemasaini uye kugara kwenguva refu. Rinopa simba kudata rinomhanya zvakanyanya padaro refu, zvichigadzira nzira kune network dzakangwara dzeramangwana.

Mapurasitiki efiber optics anogara kwenguva refu here?

Zvechokwadi, mapurasitiki efiber optics akasimba zvikuru uye haapindiki zvakanyanya. Haapindiki zvakanyanya uye haanyanyi kunetseka, zvichiita kuti ashandiswe mumabasa mapfupi, asina kuomarara akadai sema network emumba uye masisitimu emotokari.

Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa sei zvinhu zve fiber optic?

Mwenje weUV, hunyoro, uye shanduko dzetembiricha zvese zvinokanganisa zvinhu zve fiber optic. Zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuisa machubhu ne sheathing zvinodzivirira tambo dze fiber optic kubva pakusangana nezvinhu zvinoparadza zviri munzvimbo yazvo.

Ndezvipi zvitsva zvitsva zviri mu fiber optic zvinhu?

Kufambira mberi kwave kutarisana nekusanganiswa kwemagirazi akawanda, zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu zvejaketi remukati nerekunze, uye mhinduro dzepamusoro dzekuputira. Kufambira mberi uku kunovandudza kugara kwenguva refu, mashandiro uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza zvakafanana.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinokanganisa mashandiro etambo ye fiber optic here?

Une chokwadi chekuti, kusarudza zvinhu kunokanganisa kunaka kwekutumira, daro uye mutengo. Girazi rinoshanda zvakanaka mu network dziri kure uye dzinomhanya zvakanyanya, nepo purasitiki inoshanda zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwakachipa uye kwenguva pfupi.