Iintambo ze-fiber optic Zenziwe ngemicu yeglasi okanye yeplastiki ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho amandla okudlulisa kunye nomgama omkhulu. Zidibanisa iileya zokukhusela ukuze zisebenze kakuhle ngelixa zinyamezela izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Umbindi, odla ngokusikwa kwiglasi ecocekileyo kakhulu, uthutha imiqondiso esekwe ekukhanyeni, kwaye ukugqunywa kuqinisekisa ukuba isignali ibonakalisa ngokungenammiselo embindini. Iingubo zangaphandle, njenge-polymer yangaphandle, zongeza ukhuseleko kunye nokukwazi ukugoba.

Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza ngaxeshanye ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo noluhambelanayo. Ukuzazi ezi zinto kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe intambo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ngelixa uphucula ukusebenza, iindleko, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo.

Yintoni iFiber Optic Cable?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic, ezisebenzisa imiqondiso yokukhanya endaweni yezombane, zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokudlulisa idatha. Ezi ntambo ze-fiber optic zenziwe ngomgca wangaphakathi kunye nomaleko wangaphandle we-cladding, zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenzisa ithuba lokubonakalisa ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenzeka kuba umqolo, owakhiwe nge-ultra pure silicon dioxide (SiO2), unomlinganiselo omkhulu we-refraction.

Ngokwenza njalo, idlula isalathisi sokuqaqamba kwe-cladding. Ngenxa yobunyulu bombindi, ukukhanya kubonakala ngathi ujonge kwiimayile ezintlanu zeglasi yefestile. Olu yilo olunelungelo elilodwa lomenzi luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo kumgama omde kakhulu.

I-Fiber optics yintsika yeziseko zethu zonxibelelwano zangoku ukusuka kwi-intanethi ekhawulezayo ukuya kunxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko edatha. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje ziyakwazi ukuxhasa ithrafikhi kwi-800 Gbps. Enyanisweni, njengoko sibonile ngezicelo zasekhaya zobuchwepheshe be-fiber optic, i-fiber inokuzisa isantya ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kune-intanethi yanamhlanje, iguqula kakhulu indlela esinxibelelana ngayo kwaye sifikelele kulwazi.

Ezi ntambo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kuhamba ngesantya esiphantsi. Ekubeni ukukhanya kuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-124,000 ngomzuzwana, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka kwemizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kwengama-5.5 ngemayile nganye edluliswayo.

Ukuveliswa kweentambo ze-fiber optic kusekelwe ekuchanekeni. I-core, edla ngokuba yi-0.0003 ukuya kwi-0.001 intshi ububanzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni kusetyenziswa i-multimode okanye i-singlemode, idlulisela ezo mpawu zokukhanya. Iintambo ze-Multimode zinokuguquguquka ngakumbi.

Iifayibha ze-Multimode zinee-cores ezinkulu kunye nokusebenza ngcono kokusetyenziswa komgama omfutshane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele iinethiwekhi zendawo (ii-LAN). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifayibha ze-single-mode zilungiselelwe ukuhanjiswa komgama omde, njengoko kufuneka kunxibelelwano. I-cladding, enobubanzi obuncinci kunombindi, igcina ukukhanya kubambekile embindini.

Ezinye iileya, ezifana ne-protective coating, i-aramid strength member, kunye ne-outer jacket, zikhusela i-cable, zibonelela ngokuqina nakwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. I-Fiber optic cables ineenzuzo ezicacileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-copper cables.

Zifumana ukulahleka okuncinci kwesiginali, okulinganiswa ngeedesibels ngekhilomitha, ukusuka kwi-0.06 dB/mile kwimowudi enye ukuya kwi-1 dB/mile kwimowudi ezininzi. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kuzenza zilungele uluhlu lwezicelo, kubandakanya iinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano, amaziko edatha, kwane-intanethi yokuhlala.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiintambo zeFiber Optic

Iintambo ze-fiber optic ziqulathe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, nganye isebenzela injongo ebalulekileyo yokudibana ukuze kudluliselwe idatha ngokufanelekileyo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwazo zonke ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni, ekuthembekeni, nasekuqineni kwentambo. Apha ngezantsi, sijonga ngokusondeleyo ezi zinto ziphambili.

Isiseko: Itshaneli yoThumelo loKhanya

Embindini wentambo ye-fiber optic kukho i-core, enoxanduva lokuthwala imiqondiso yokukhanya edlulisela idatha. I-core yiglasi ebhityileyo okanye i-fiber yeplastiki egqunywe kwi-cladding. Ii-core zeglasi zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kumgama omde, njengoko zilahlekelwa kancinci yisignali.

Ii-cores zeplastiki, nangona zingasebenzi kakuhle kangako, zitshiphu kwaye zithambile ngakumbi, nto leyo evumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Impembelelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwayo ikwachaphazeleka bububanzi be-core. Le core incinci idla ngokufumaneka kwiifayibha ze-single-mode, ezikhethwayo kwiitransmissions ezikude ngenxa yokulahleka kwazo okuncinci kwesiginali.

Zibonelela ngokulahleka kwesignali okuphantsi kakhulu, ngesiqhelo yi-0.19 dB/km kwi-1550 nm wavelength. Iifayibha ze-multimode eziphezulu zisebenza ngcono kumgama omfutshane kakhulu. Zinezinga lokuncitshiswa kwe-3 dB/km kwi-850 nm.

Ukubopha: Ukuphucula ukuvalelwa kwezibane

Ingqonge umbindi kukho i-cladding, esebenza ukubuyisela ukukhanya ngaphakathi kumbindi ukuze kugcinwe imiqondiso inamandla kumgama omde. Oku kufezekiswa ngomahluko kwi-refractive index phakathi kombindi kunye ne-cladding, ngokufuthi i-1.49 kunye ne-1.47, ngokulandelelana, kubude bobude be-1300 nanometers.

Lo mahluko udala imeko yokubonakalisa ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze kudluliselwe idatha ye-fiber optic ngempumelelo. Izixhobo zokugquma zinciphisa kakhulu ukuvuza kunye nokulahleka kwesignali ukuze zibonelele ngokudluliselwa kwedatha okusemgangathweni ophezulu nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuncitshiswa kwesignali kwiifayibha ze-multimode graded-index zanamhlanje kunokwehla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 decibel ngekhilomitha nganye kwi-1300 nanometers. Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukubaluleka koyilo olucokisekileyo lwe-cladding.

Ukwaleka/iBuffer: Ukukhusela iFiber

Ingubo ephambili ye-buffer ifakwa kwi-cladding ukukhusela i-fiber kwiingcinezelo zoomatshini kunye nezinto zangaphandle. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezifana ne-acrylate okanye i-silicone zibonelela ngokuguquguquka nokukhusela kumswakama.

Ezi ngubo zokwaleka ziphucula ngakumbi ukuqina kwentambo, zivumela ukuba ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo ngexesha lokuphathwa nokufakwa kwayo.

Ukuqinisa iiFibers: Ukuqinisekisa Ukuqina

Amalungu omeleleyo angaphandle, njengeKevlar okanye iTwaron, afakwa kwintambo ukuze kuthintelwe iifayibha ukuba zingaphuki. Ezi zinto zinceda ekusasazeni uxinzelelo ngokulinganayo, zikhusela umongo obuthathaka kunye ne-cladding ngexesha lokufakelwa nokusebenza.

Olu qina longezelelweyo lunceda ekwenzeni intambo ithembeke kakhulu, nokuba zikwimeko enzima kakhulu.

Ijakethi: Ukubonelela ngoKhuseleko olupheleleyo

Ijakethi yangaphandle isebenza njengomgca wokugqibela wokuzikhusela, igquma zonke izinto zangaphakathi kwaye izikhusela kwimikhosi yangaphandle efana nokusikeka kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Izinto ze-ethylene okanye ze-PVC sheath zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-fiber optic ukukhusela kwiimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, ngelixa zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kweentambo.

Iijakethi ezihlala zineeleya ezininzi zikhusela intambo kwaye zonyusa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na indawo okanye usetyenziso.

Izixhobo zentambo zeFiber Optic: Isishwankathelo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, apho isixhobo ngasinye sikhethwe ukwandisa ukusebenza, ixesha elide, kunye neemfuno zezicelo ezithile. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza intambo ye-fiber optic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuchule bentambo bokudlulisa idatha ngokuchanekileyo. Zichaphazela amandla entambo okunyamezela iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye neemeko zoomatshini.

Ukwazi izinto ezenziwe ngazo iintambo ze-fiber optic kuza kukubonisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhethwa kwezinto kule teknoloji iphambili.

1. Izinto ezingundoqo: Iglasi vs. Iplastiki

Ukugquma intambo ye-fiber optic kukhusela umbindi kunye ne-cladding. Iiglasi ze-cores, ezenziwe nge-silica ecocekileyo kakhulu, zixatyiswa ngenxa yokucaca kwazo okugqwesileyo kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwesignali kumgama omde. Iglasi ye-silica, eyenziwe nge-quartz enyibilikisiweyo, ifikelela kumanqanaba amangalisayo okuchaneka.

Le teknoloji imangalisayo ivumela idatha ukuba idluliselwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ezifana ne-germanium, zinokufakwa ukwandisa i-refractive index. Ukuphinda usebenzise i-germanium kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ayifumaneki lula, ifumaneka kwi-trace rates kuqweqwe loMhlaba.

Iiplastiki ezingundoqo zingabizi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzenza. Zineengenelo ezithembisayo kakhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa okukufutshane, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo nakwizixhobo zabathengi.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kuyathandwa kunokusebenza kakuhle komgama wokudlulisa idatha. Iifayibha zeplastiki azilona khetho lufanelekileyo lokudlulisa idatha kumgama omde, kodwa zinokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezinobunzima ngenxa yendlela ezingabizi ngayo.

2. Izinto zokugquma: Ulwakhiwo kunye nenjongo

Ukufakwa kwe-cladding kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya okukhutshiweyo. Ukufakwa kwe-cladding kudla ngokwenziwa ngee-polymers ezifakwe i-fluorinated okanye i-silica exutyiweyo. Kufaka umbindi kwaye kubuyisele ukukhanya kuwo, kusebenzisa ingcamango yokubonakalisa ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo.

Xa zizonke, oku kubonelela ngokulahleka okuncinci kakhulu kwesignali kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha okugudileyo. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokugquma kubaluleke kakhulu kwezo zicelo zifuna ukuchaneka, njengonxibelelwano ngefowuni okanye imifanekiso yezonyango.

3. Izixhobo zokugquma: Iindidi kunye nemisebenzi

Sidla ngokushiya ii-coating ngaphandle kwengxoxo kwi-fiber optic cable kuba zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Izinto ezifana ne-acrylate okanye i-polyimide zikhusela i-fiber emanzini, ekugugeni nasekukrazuleni nakwezinye izinto ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo imihla ngemihla.

Ezi ngubo zikhethekileyo ziyenza ikwazi ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwentambo. Zivumela intambo ukuba ikwazi ukujongana nemingeni yokufakela kwaye imelane nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo ngelixa zisebenza kakuhle.

Iiglasi zeFiber Optics: Ukuntywila okunzulu

Iiglasi ze-fiber optics zitshintshe kakhulu ishishini lonxibelelwano ngokubonelela ngeziseko zokusasazwa kwedatha okukhawulezayo, okuthembekileyo kakhulu, nokufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo ixesha elide. Ezi fibers, ezenziwe ngeglasi ecocekileyo kakhulu, zitshintshe indlela ulwazi oluhamba ngayo, ukusuka kwiintambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle ezigubungela amazwekazi ukuya kwiinethiwekhi zasekuhlaleni ezixhasa amakhaya namashishini.

Ulwakhiwo lwazo olusisiseko luqulathe isiseko seglasi, i-cladding, kunye ne-coating yokukhusela. Olu dibaniso lukhethekileyo lunegalelo ekudlulisweni kwesignali okungcono kakhulu kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kakhulu kunye nokuqina. Zithwala ngaphezulu kwe-90% yethrafikhi ye-intanethi yehlabathi, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo ngokukodwa kunxibelelwano lwehlabathi.

Iglasi yeSilica: Eyona nto iphambili

Iglasi yesilika yindlela ekhethwayo kwi-fiber optics ngenxa yobunyulu bayo obungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokucaca kwayo okubonakalayo. Ngokuncitshiswa kwesignali okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, idatha ingahamba iimayile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, nto leyo eyenza i-glass fiber ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana ngesantya esiphezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu ze-silica ezibonakalayo ezibalaseleyo, kuquka amazinga aphantsi okusasazeka nokufunxwa, zinceda ekwandiseni amandla esignali kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko zokudlulisela. Le nto intsha yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Oku kuhlala ixesha elide kuqinisekisa indawo yayo njengomgangatho wegolide kwitekhnoloji ye-fiber optic yeglasi.

Iiarhente zokuDopa: Ukutshintsha i-Refractive Index

Ii-doping agents zibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni i-refractive index yeefayibha zeglasi. Ezi zongezo zeekhemikhali ezinxulumene nenkqubo, ezifana ne-germanium okanye i-phosphorus, zitshintsha izakhiwo zeglasi ezivumela ukuba zikhokele ukukhanya ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukufaka iglasi kwi-doping kuchaphazela umahluko we-refractive index phakathi kwe-core kunye ne-cladding. Oku kwenza umda wangaphakathi obonakalisa ngokugqibeleleyo ukukhanya kwi-core, okwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali. Ngokususa izinto ezikhokelela ekuphazamisekeni, eli nqanaba lolawulo lonyusa amandla okuphatha idatha ngelixa kunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa, okuvumela imfuno yanamhlanje yonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo.

Ukuvelisa iGlasi ecocekileyo kakhulu

Ukuvelisa imicu yeglasi ecocekileyo kakhulu kufuna iindlela ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ezifana neModified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD). Ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-MCVD, umzekelo, iigesi ze-chloride zifakwa kwityhubhu ye-silica ejikelezayo, zenze i-preform—isilinda yeglasi engenanto.

Le preform iyafudunyezwa ize itsalwe ibe yimicu emincinci, ehambelanayo enobubanzi obufunekayo. Inkqubo yokuzoba iqinisekisa amandla aphezulu ezinto. Ubunyulu bubalulekile; nokuba zimbalwa izinto ezingcolisayo ze-ppm zinokuba yingozi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-optical. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zifikelele ekucaceni nasekuqineni okufunekayo kwezi micu ukuze zimelane nobunzima bonxibelelwano lwehlabathi liphela namhlanje.

Iingenelo zeeFiber zeGlasi

Iifayibha zeglasi azinakuthelekiswa nanto ngomgangatho wazo wokudluliselwa kwedatha, zikwazi ukuthwala iibhendi ezinkulu kumgama omde ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Ifayibha enye nje inokuthwala imijelo yevidiyo engaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-10 ngexesha elinye.

Ukuqina kwazo kunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa kweendleko zokulungisa, nto leyo eyenza zibe sisisombululo esipheleleyo kumashishini acinga ngeendleko. Ukungakhuseleki kwazo kuphazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic kuzenza zibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu.

Iingxaki zeeFiber zeGlasi

Nangona imicu yeglasi ineengenelo ezininzi, kukho ezinye iingxaki ngokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ubuthathaka bayo buthetha ukuba kufuneka iphathwe ngononophelo ngexesha lokufakwa ukuze ingaqhekeki.

Inkqubo yokufaka ngokwayo inokuba nzima kakhulu, ifuna iingcali ezinobuchule kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Okokuqala, iinkqubo zefayibha yeglasi zibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela. Njengoko nawuphi na umcwangcisi wezothutho onamava eya kukuxelela, iingenelo zazo zexesha elide zihlala zingaphezulu kwezi ndleko.

Iiplastiki zeFiber Optics: Ukuntywila okunzulu

Iiplastiki zefayibha zeplastiki, ezidla ngokuthotywa zibe yimithunzi yezihlobo zazo zeglasi, zinezibonelelo ezibalaseleyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Nangona iifayibha zeglasi zenziwe nge-silica engamanzi kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kolawulo, iifayibha zeplastiki zenziwa kusetyenziswa iipolymers. Le nkqubo inamandla okwenza izinto ezininzi idala iifayibha zeplastiki eziguquguqukayo nezingabizi kakhulu.

Nangona iifayibha zeglasi zilawula unxibelelwano olukude ngenxa yokuba zinamandla okudlulisa idatha ngesantya esiphezulu kumgama omde, iifayibha zeplastiki ezikhanyayo (ii-POF) ziyakhanya kwizicelo ezimfutshane, ezifana nokukhanyisa iimoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, kunye nokukhanyisa okuhombisayo. Amandla azo okuphatha ukukhanya ngcono kuneglasi, kunye namandla azo, azenza zibe lukhetho oluguquguqukayo kumacandelo amaninzi.

IiPolymers zeAcrylic: Izinto zePlastiki eziqhelekileyo

Kwiipolymers ze-acrylic, i-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifayibha zeplastiki ze-optical. I-PMMA inomxube owahlukileyo wokucaca okuphezulu kwe-optical, ukuncitshiswa okuncinci kumgama omfutshane, kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo. Ezi mpawu zikhethekileyo zenza ukuba isebenze kakuhle kakhulu ekudluliseni ukukhanya okubonakalayo.

Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo zicacile kwaye zikhanya ngaphakathi kweemoto. Iifayibha ze-acrylic zikhuselekile kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa kuneefayibha zeglasi. Azikhuli kakhulu kwaye zinokubunjwa zibe ziindlela ezithambileyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.

Kwindlela yokudlulisa idatha ekude, iifayibha zeglasi zezona zibalaseleyo. Zenza oku ngenxa yokulahleka kwesignali yazo kunye nokukwazi ukuba ne-bandwidth ephezulu.

Iingenelo zeeFiber zePlastiki

Iifayibha zeplastiki zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ngakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kumgama omfutshane. Zilula, ziguquguquka, kwaye ziyamelana neempembelelo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kakuhle kwiindawo apho ukuqina kubalulekile khona. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuvumela ukuba zingeniswe kwindawo yemveliso yabathengi, apho iimpahla zemveliso yabathengi zihlala zithintelwe yimida yexabiso lezinto eziphathekayo.

Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo, ukuzifaka kulula kakhulu. Umlinganiselo wazo ophantsi wokugoba wenza ukuhamba kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo, njengeekhabhathi zezithuthi okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezixineneyo, kube lula kwaye kube bhetyebhetye ngakumbi.

Iingxaki zeeFiber zePlastiki

Kukho ingxaki: iifayibha zeplastiki aziyonto yokuphelisa ucalucalulo. Zine-bandwidth ephantsi kuneefayibha zeglasi kwaye zinomgama omfutshane kakhulu wokudlulisela kwaye zisengozini enkulu yokulahleka kwesignali. Ukuvezwa yi-UV kunye notshintsho lobushushu, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezingqongileyo, kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Nangona ezi ngxaki zikho, xa zisetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo, iingenelo zazo zidlula lee ezi ngxaki.

Ukusetyenziswa kweeFiber zePlastiki

Iifayibha zeplastiki sele zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni iimoto, ekuboniseni izinto zokuhombisa, nakwii-elektroniki zabathengi. Ziya zibaluleke ngakumbi kunxibelelwano, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwisithuba esifutshane, ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi zasekuhlaleni.

Kukuguquguquka kwazo okuzigcina zibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo.

Iglasi vs. Iplastiki: Uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha

Iintambo ze-fiber optic ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje. Ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokufaneleka kwazo kufikelela kuphela kwizinto ozikhethayo ukuzakha ngazo. Ezi zinto zimbini ziyiglasi kunye neplastiki, nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye neengxaki zayo. Ukuziqhelanisa nezi zinto zibalulekileyo kuya kukunceda ukhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho esikhethekileyo.

Iipropati zoKubona kunye nokuSebenza kweSignali

Ngenxa yokuba i-glass fiber ine-refractive index ephezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni, oko kuthetha ukuba inokuthwala idatha eninzi ngokucacileyo okumangalisayo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwenza ukuba ilungele ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu kumgama omde, igcina ukuthembeka kwesignali nokuba ilahlekelwe kancinci yisignali. Umzekelo, i-glass fibers inokufikelela kwi-BER ye-10^-12. Eli nqanaba lokusebenza liqinisekisa ukuthembeka ekusebenziseni okufunekayo kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso.

Iifayibha zeglasi zinika ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, nto leyo evumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu yombane. Iifayibha zeplastiki ezikhanyayo (i-POF) zinokuncipha okuphezulu, nto leyo ethintela umgama wazo wokudlulisela ube ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-100. I-POF ilungile ekudaleni uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokuhlala nakwii-SOHO.

Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kakuhle kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kumgama omde okanye kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwe-bandwidth ephezulu. Iimpawu zokukhanya zefayibha yeglasi zahluke kakhulu. Oku kuye kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ekhethwayo yokudluliselwa kwedatha ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi kumaziko onxibelelwano kunye nedatha.

Iingqwalasela zeendleko

Ifayibha yeplastiki idla ngokubiza kancinci kwangaphambili, nto leyo enokuyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwiiprojekthi ezinebhajethi encinci. Inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa elula kunye neendleko zezinto ezingabizi kakhulu zinceda ukuchaza ixabiso layo eliphantsi. Ifayibha yeglasi inika ixabiso elikhulu ixesha elide, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okungcono, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuncipha kokonakala kwesignali ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha yeglasi kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ubuchule, kunye neendlela zokufakela, nto leyo enyusa iindleko zokuqala. Nangona iindleko zayo zokuqala zinokubonakala ziphezulu, amandla ayo okugcina iinethiwekhi ezihlala ixesha elide nezikhawulezayo anciphisa kakhulu imfuneko iyonke yokuphuculwa okanye ukutshintshwa kwexesha elizayo.

Phantsi kweemeko apho ixabiso kuphela eliqwalaselwayo, ifayibha yeplastiki kufuneka yanele ukusetyenziswa kwexeshana okanye kwe-bandwidth ephantsi. Kumashishini azimisele ukuthembeka nokukhula, ifayibha idla ngokuba yeyona nto ikhuselekileyo kwixesha elide.

Ukuqina kunye nexesha lokuphila

Iifayibha zeglasi ziqinile ngokwendalo, ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, kunye naphantsi, ukusuka kwi -40°F ukuya kwi 900°F. Oku kuhlala ixesha elide kuzinika iimeko ezinzima, nokuba zikwiindawo zokwenza okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izinto, okanye kwiindawo ezifakelweyo ngaphandle. Nangona iifayibha zeglasi ziluncedo, iifayibha zeplastiki azihlali ixesha elide kodwa ziguquguquka ngakumbi - uphawu olunokuba luncedo kwezinye iinkqubo.

Sekunjalo, ngenxa yobomi bazo obufutshane kunye nokuchaphazeleka lula yimeko-bume efana nobushushu kunye nokuvezwa yi-UV, ukuthembeka kwazo ixesha elide kuyaphazamiseka.

Ukufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa

Ngenxa yokuguquguquka nobuthathaka obuphantsi, iifayibha zeplastiki kulula ukuziphatha nokuzifakela. Olu buchule kunye nokufikeleleka kwazo kwenza iimabhile zeglasi zibe yindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu kubantu abazenzela izinto zabo okanye kwiiprojekthi ezincinci.

Kwelinye icala, imicu yeglasi ifuna ukufakelwa ngobuchwephesha, kuba ukuqina kwayo nokuchaneka kwayo kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule. Kulula ukuyigcina imicu yeglasi, kuba ikumgangatho ophezulu. Olu mgangatho uphezulu lunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki ezifana nokuwohloka kwesignali okanye ukuguguleka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Izinto Ezintsha Nezophuhliso

Intsimi ye-fiber optics ibisoloko ifumana inkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izalisekisa imfuno ekhulayo yokusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokuhambelana ngelixa ijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo. Olu phuculo luye lwandisa ukunyamezela ubushushu kunye nokuqina. Lunciphisa ngakumbi ukulahleka kwesignali kunye nokuthomalaliswa ukuze kujongwane neemfuno ezikhulayo zenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano eziphambili zanamhlanje.

Izixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu

Izixhobo ezishushu kakhulu eziquka iipeyinti eziphambili kunye ne-silica engatshisi ubushushu zakhiwe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza okuphezulu. Umzekelo, i-silica fiber enobunyulu obuphezulu inokunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphezu kwe-1,800°F, afanelekileyo kwi-aerospace, kwimizi-mveliso nakwamanye amashishini emizi-mveliso.

Ezi zinto zixabiseke kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu. Zifumana ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu kwiifayibha zemveli, njengakwiinjini zejethi okanye kwii-oven zoshishino. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto, ii-fiber optics zifumana ukuthembeka okuphezulu, zibonelela ngokudluliselwa kwedatha okusemgangathweni kunye nokulinganisa phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu nolushushu.

Izixhobo ezilahleko ephantsi

Ezi zinto zilula kakhulu zazibalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwe-fiber optics, njengeglasi ye-silica exutywe ne-germania, eyanciphisa kakhulu ukuwohloka kwesignali kwimigama emide. Olu tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukonyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kothumelo, kwavula ithuba lokunxibelelana okucacileyo nokukhawulezayo kwiintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi.

Yayiyinto entsha kakhulu xa, ngeminyaka yoo-1970, kwavela i-optical fiber yokuqala elahlekelwa kancinci yaza yatshintsha unxibelelwano lwehlabathi ngonaphakade. Nanamhlanje siyaqhubeka nokuphucula obu buchwepheshe ngokuqhubela phambili. Namhlanje, iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziphambili zithathe indawo yezo zine-ultra-low-loss fibers ezineziphene ezimbalwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isignali ihlale isemgangathweni kwaye isebenze ngakumbi.

Izixhobo Zokuqina Eziphuculweyo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic ezithunyelwa kwiindawo ezikude nezinobutshaba zifuna izixhobo ezimelana nomonakalo obangelwa yimpembelelo yomzimba kunye nokonakaliswa kwendalo. Utshintsho oluquka ukwenziwa ngokukodwa kweengubo zepolymer eziqinileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela amanzi ezinezithuba ezivaliweyo phakathi kweentambo ezigqunyiweyo zonyusa kakhulu amandla eentambo.

Olu phuculo lukhusela imicu emanzini, ekukhanyeni kwe-UV, nasekusetyenzisweni kakubi koomatshini. Olu tshintsho luqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwizicelo ezisebenza kakuhle njengeentambo ezingaphantsi kolwandle kunye nokufakelwa kwangaphandle. Ukuqina kuhlala kubalulekile kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu apho ukulungiswa rhoqo kunokubangela iingozi zokhuseleko kunye neendleko eziphezulu zenkonzo.

Ukunciphisa ukuNcitshiswa kweSignali

Ukuncitshiswa kwesignali, okanye ukulahleka, yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-fiber optics. Ukuphuculwa kwezinto kunye noyilo, kuquka iifayibha ezitshintshiweyo kunye neefayibha ze-single-mode, kudlale indima ephambili ekusombululeni loo mngeni.

Ezi zinto zintsha zinciphisa ukusasazeka kunye nokufunxwa kwedatha, zivumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha okunzulu nokusebenzayo. I-Wavelength okanye i-wave division multiplexing (WDM) yonyusa umthamo ngee-oda ezininzi zobukhulu. Xa idibene ne-attenuation ephantsi, inyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yesantya esiphezulu kwaye ikhuthaza usetyenziso lwe-bandwidth ephezulu.

Izinto ezisiNgqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezenziwe ngazo kunye nendawo ezijongene nayo. Izinto ezingqongileyo zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kwezi ntambo.

Ubushushu, uxinzelelo loomatshini, ukuvezwa ziikhemikhali, kunye nokufuma zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukungasebenzi kwazo. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka, ukunciphisa ukugcinwa, kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokufakelwa kwe-fiber optic, obunokuthatha iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40.

Ubuthathaka bobushushu

Utshintsho olukhulu kubushushu lunokuba negalelo elikhulu kumacandelo e-fiber optic. Ukongeza, ubushushu okanye ukubanda okukhulu kuya kubangela ukuba umbindi wentambo kunye ne-cladding zande okanye zinciphe. Olu tshintsho lunokubangela ukulahleka okanye ukugqwetheka kwesignali.

Umongo kunye ne-cladding zinomahluko we-refractive index olawulwa ngokuchanekileyo malunga ne-1% xa kusetyenziswa ii-dopants. Nangona kunjalo, le nzuzo inokutshintsha phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu, nto leyo enegalelo ekunciphiseni ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya.

Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezakhiwe ngokubhekisele ekumelaneni nobushushu—kuquka izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zepolymer kunye neengubo—iiprojekthi zifezekisa uzinzo oluhlala ixesha elide kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu ezinokuguquguquka okuphezulu kobushushu bemihla ngemihla. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu kufuna ukuba isignali ihlale ithembekile ngamaxesha onke.

Ukumelana noxinzelelo lweMechanical

Xa zifakelwa kwaye zisebenza rhoqo, iintambo ze-fiber optic zifakwa uxinzelelo olufana nokugoba, ukutsala kunye nokutyumza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ntambo ziyatyumza kwaye zenze buthathaka ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwentambo.

Ukujongana nale ngxaki, abavelisi basebenzise izinto ezifana neefayibha ze-aramid kunye neengubo eziqinisiweyo ukukhusela uxinzelelo oluyingozi loomatshini. Umzekelo, iintambo ezifakwe kwiziseko zophuhliso zasezidolophini kufuneka zimelane noxinzelelo lokufakelwa kunye noxinzelelo lwexesha elide oluvela kwintshukumo yokusingqongileyo, njengomoya okanye utshintsho lomhlaba.

Ngokwandisa ukumelana noomatshini, ezi zinto aziphuculi nje kuphela ukuqina kodwa zinciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa rhoqo, zixhasa ubomi bentambo iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40.

Ukumelana neekhemikhali

Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo yenye into ebangela ukuwohloka kwezinto ze-fiber optic. Iioyile, izinyibilikisi, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zoshishino ezinokubola okanye zonakalise i-sheathing yokukhusela yentambo zizinto ezixhaphakileyo ezisongelayo.

Izinto ezimelana neekhemikhali, ezifana neepolymers ezikhethekileyo kunye neeacrylates, zikhusela iintambo kwiindawo ezifana neefektri okanye ukufakelwa komhlaba, apho umngcipheko wokuvezwa uphezulu. Oku kuqina okungokwemvelo kuye kwavumela i-fiber optics ukuba ichume kuzo zonke izicelo ezininzi.

Ukususela kumaqonga okukhupha ioyile ukuya kwizityalo zokubuyisela amanzi, zizisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo.

Impembelelo yoBumanzi

Umswakama ubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwiintambo ze-fiber optic. Oku kwandisa amathuba okungena komswakama kwiintambo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumanqanaba angamkelekanga okunciphisa uphawu okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kophawu.

Iishelufu ezingashukumiyo kumswakama kunye neekhompawundi ezithintela amanzi zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ezi ngxaki. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko zemozulu ezishushu okanye ezikunxweme.

Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufakela, njengokuvala iindawo zokungena nokusebenzisa izinto zokucoca ulwelo, abakhi banokuthintela imiba emininzi enxulumene nokufuma. Ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zisebenza kakuhle, nokuba zikwiindawo ezinomswakama omninzi.

Zikwavumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngendlela eyonga amandla ngakumbi, zifuna amandla angaphantsi nge-70% kwi-gigabit nganye kuneenethiwekhi zobhedu.

Isiphelo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zixhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwezinto ezikwisiseko sazo ukuze zibonelele ngeyona nqanaba liphezulu lokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka. Iintambo zeglasi zichaneke kakhulu kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, ngelixa iintambo zeplastiki zibonelela ngeenzuzo zokuguquguquka kunye nexabiso. Isixhobo ngasinye sibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiinethiwekhi ezinkulu zesantya esiphezulu ukuya kunxibelelwano olufutshane olukufutshane kunye nezicelo ezincinci. Uphuhliso olutsha kwitekhnoloji yezinto aluzange luphele, luqhubela phambili uphuculo oluqhubekayo ekusebenzeni nasekuzinzeni.

Ukuba nolwazi ngezi zinto kukuvumela ukuba uqonde ngokupheleleyo iingenelo kunye nokusilela kwento nganye kwiprojekthi yakho. Nokuba kukuqina, ukuguquguquka, okanye iimfuno ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ukukhetha intambo ye-fiber optic efanelekileyo kukhokelela kwimveliso yokugqibela esebenzayo. Fumana iimveliso ezenzelwe iimfuno zakho ezikhethekileyo kwaye uzibophelele kwangaphambili kwizisombululo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezilungele ikamva ezizivumelanisa neemfuno njengoko zikhula kwaye zitshintsha. Qhagamshelana ne-broadband eninzi. Hlala unolwazi kwaye wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokutshintsha okugudileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-fiber optic?

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala zenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki yodidi oluphezulu. Iintambo zeglasi zenziwe nge-silica ecocekileyo, kodwa iintambo zeplastiki zisebenzisa ii-polymers. Zombini ezi zinto zifanelekile ukudlulisa imiqondiso yokukhanya kunye nonxibelelwano.

Yeyiphi into engcono: iglasi okanye iplastiki?

Iglasi inika i-bandwidth enkulu ngakumbi kunye nokudluliselwa komgama omde kakhulu, okwenza kube lula kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano. Njengoko ingabizi kakhulu, igobeka kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iplastiki isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-last mile nakwezinye iinkqubo zomgama omfutshane.

Kutheni iglasi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-fiber optic?

Iglasi ikhethwa ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwayo kokukhanya okungcono, ukulahleka kwesignali kunye nokuqina kwayo. Inika amandla idatha ekhawulezayo kumgama omde, ivula indlela yenethiwekhi ezikrelekrele zexesha elizayo.

Ngaba iiplastiki ze-fiber optics zihlala ixesha elide?

Enyanisweni, iiplastiki ze-fiber optics zinamandla kakhulu kwaye ziyagobeka kakhulu. Azinawo amathuba okugobeka okanye oxinzelelo lomzimba, nto leyo evumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezikufutshane nezingenazingxaki kangako ezifana neenethiwekhi zasekhaya kunye neenkqubo zeemoto.

Izinto ezisingqongileyo zichaphazela njani izinto ze-fiber optic?

Ukukhanya kwe-UV, ukufuma, kunye notshintsho lobushushu zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela kakubi izinto ze-fiber optic. Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokufaka iityhubhu kunye ne-sheathing zikhusela iintambo ze-fiber optic ekuchatshazelweni zizinto ezitshabalalisayo ezikungqongileyo.

Ziziphi izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwizixhobo ze-fiber optic?

Uphuhliso lugxile kwiindidi zeglasi ezibanzi, izinto ezizinzileyo zejakethi yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, kunye nezisombululo zokugquma eziphambili. Ezi nkqubela phambili ziphucula ukuqina, ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kwendalo ngokufanayo.

Ngaba ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kuyayichaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo intambo ye-fiber optic?

Uqinisekile ukuba ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo luchaphazela umgangatho wothumelo, umgama kunye neendleko. Iglasi isebenza kakuhle kwiinethiwekhi ezikude nezikhawulezayo, ngelixa iplastiki isebenza ngcono kwiindlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezimfutshane.