Zingwe za kuwala kwa fiber Amapangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi kapena pulasitiki wokha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale mphamvu yotumizira mauthenga komanso mtunda wabwino. Amaphatikizanso zigawo zoteteza kuti zigwire ntchito bwino komanso zizitha kupirira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Pakati, nthawi zambiri pamadulidwa kuchokera ku galasi loyera kwambiri, pamatenga zizindikiro zochokera ku kuwala, ndipo chophimba chimatsimikizira kuti chizindikirocho chimaonekera kosatha mkati mwa pakati. Zophimba zakunja, monga chigoba chakunja cha polima, zimawonjezera chitetezo ndi kuthekera kopinda.

Zigawo zonsezi zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zipereke kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kosalekeza. Kudziwa bwino zinthuzi kudzakuthandizani kusankha chingwe choyenera chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu pomwe mukukulitsa magwiridwe antchito, mtengo, komanso kuganizira za chilengedwe.

Kodi Chingwe cha Fiber Optic n'chiyani?

Zingwe za fiber optic, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za kuwala m'malo mwa zamagetsi, ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yotumizira deta. Zingwe za fiber optic izi zimapangidwa ndi mkati mwa pakati ndi kunja kwa cladding, zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino kuwunikira konse kwamkati. Izi zimachitika chifukwa pakati, komwe kumapangidwa ndi silicon dioxide (SiO2) yoyera kwambiri, kuli ndi index yayikulu ya refraction.

Pochita izi, imaposa chizindikiro cha refractive cha cladding. Chifukwa cha kuyera kwa pakati, kuwonekera bwino kumawoneka ngati mukuyang'ana kudzera mu galasi lawindo la makilomita asanu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamene kali ndi patent kamene kamalola kutumiza deta mwachangu komanso modalirika pamtunda wautali kwambiri.

Ma fiber optics ndiye maziko a zomangamanga zathu zamakono zolumikizirana kuyambira pa intaneti yothamanga kwambiri mpaka kulumikizana pakati pa malo osungira deta. Machitidwe amakono amatha kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa 800 Gbps. Mwachidule, monga taonera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fiber optic m'deralo, fiber imatha kubweretsa liwiro mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe intaneti ilili masiku ano, kusintha kwambiri momwe timalankhulirana komanso kupeza chidziwitso.

Zingwe zimenezi zimaonetsetsa kuti kuwala kumayenda pang'ono. Popeza kuwala kumayenda makilomita pafupifupi 124,000 pa sekondi, izi zimangotanthauza kuchedwa kwa ma microsecond 5 mpaka 5.5 pa kilomita iliyonse.

Kupanga ma fiber optic cables kumachokera ku kulondola. Pakati, nthawi zambiri mainchesi 0.0003 mpaka 0.001 m'mimba mwake kutengera ngati multimode kapena singlemode imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kumatumiza zizindikiro za kuwala kumeneko. Ulusi wa multimode ndi wosinthasintha kwambiri.

Ulusi wa Multimode uli ndi ma cores akuluakulu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a mtunda waufupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma network a m'deralo (LANs). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ulusi wa single-mode umakonzedwa bwino kuti utumize mauthenga akutali, monga momwe zimafunikira pakulankhulana. Chophimbacho, chomwe chili ndi mainchesi akulu pang'ono kuposa pakatikati, chimasunga kuwala mkati mwa pakatikati.

Zigawo zina, monga chophimba choteteza, chiwalo champhamvu cha aramid, ndi jekete lakunja, zimateteza chingwecho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale cholimba ngakhale pakakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ma waya a fiber optic ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu poyerekeza ndi ma waya a mkuwa.

Amataya ma signal ochepa, omwe amayesedwa mu ma decibel pa kilomita imodzi, kuyambira 0.06 dB/mile pa single-mode mpaka 1 dB/mile pa multimode. Kusinthasintha kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma network olumikizirana, malo osungira deta, komanso intaneti yapakhomo.

Zigawo Zofunika Kwambiri za Zingwe za Fiber Optic

Zingwe za fiber optic zimakhala ndi zigawo zambiri zofunika, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti zigwirizane kuti deta ifalitsidwe bwino. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zonsezi zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakugwira ntchito, kudalirika, komanso kulimba kwa chingwecho. Pansipa, tikuyang'ana kwambiri zigawo zazikuluzi.

Core: Njira Yotumizira Kuwala

Pakati pa chingwe cha fiber optic pali pakati, komwe kumayang'anira kunyamula zizindikiro zowunikira zomwe zimatumiza deta. Pakati ndi galasi lopyapyala kapena ulusi wa pulasitiki womwe uli mkati mwa chivundikiro. Magalasi agalasi amapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba patali, chifukwa samataya chizindikiro kwambiri.

Ma cores apulasitiki, ngakhale kuti sagwira ntchito bwino, ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yochepa. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya core kumakhudzidwanso ndi kukula kwa core. Cores yaying'ono iyi nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu ulusi wa single-mode, womwe umakondedwa kwambiri pa ma transmissions akutali chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chizindikiro.

Amapereka kutayika kochepa kwambiri kwa ma signal, nthawi zambiri 0.19 dB/km pa 1550 nm wavelength. Ulusi wambiri wa multimode umagwira ntchito bwino pa mtunda waufupi kwambiri. Ali ndi attenuation rate ya 3 dB/km pa 850 nm.

Kuphimba: Kuonjezera Kutsekeredwa kwa Kuwala

Chozungulira pakati pa thambo chili ndi cladding, yomwe imagwira ntchito yowunikira kuwala kubwerera mkati mwa thambo kuti zizindikiro zikhale zolimba patali. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu kusiyana kwa refractive index pakati pa thambo ndi cladding, nthawi zambiri 1.49 ndi 1.47, motsatana, pa kutalika kwa mafunde a 1300 nanometers.

Kusiyana kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwunikira kwathunthu kwamkati, komwe ndikofunikira kuti deta ya fiber optic ifalitsidwe bwino. Zipangizo zophimba zimachepetsa kwambiri kutuluka kwa chizindikiro ndi kutayika kuti zipereke kutumiza deta kwapamwamba komanso kogwira ntchito bwino.

Kuchepa kwa chizindikiro mu ulusi wa multimode graded-index wa masiku ano kungatsike kufika pa decibel imodzi pa kilomita imodzi pa nanometer 1300. Chitsanzo ichi chikuwonetsa kufunika kwa kapangidwe kosamala ka cladding.

Chophimba/Chotetezera: Kuteteza Ulusi

Chophimba chachikulu cha buffer chimatulutsidwa pa cladding kuti chiteteze ulusi ku zovuta zamakina ndi zinthu zakunja. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga acrylate kapena silicone zimapereka kusinthasintha komanso chitetezo ku chinyezi.

Zophimba zimenezi zimathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale cholimba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chikhalebe cholimba panthawi yochigwiritsa ntchito komanso pochiyika.

Kulimbitsa Ulusi: Kuonetsetsa Kuti Uli Wolimba

Ziwalo zakunja zolimba, monga Kevlar kapena Twaron, zimalukidwa mu chingwe kuti ulusi usasweke. Zipangizozi zimathandiza kufalitsa mphamvu mofanana, kuteteza pakati ndi chivundikiro chofooka panthawi yonse yoyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mphamvu yowonjezerayi imathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale chodalirika kwambiri, ngakhale m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Jekete: Kupereka Chitetezo Chonse

Jekete lakunja limagwira ntchito ngati mzere womaliza wa chitetezo, kuphimba zinthu zonse zamkati ndikuziteteza ku mphamvu zakunja monga kudula ndi kulowa kwa madzi. Zipangizo za ethylene kapena PVC sheath zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zingwe za fiber optic kuti ziteteze ku zinthu zoopsa zachilengedwe, pomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha kwa zingwe.

Kawirikawiri majekete okhala ndi zigawo zambiri amathandiza kuteteza chingwe ndikuwonjezera moyo wautali popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito pa chilengedwe chilichonse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.

Zipangizo za Chingwe cha Fiber Optic: Chidule

Zingwe za fiber optic zimakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chigwire bwino ntchito, chikhale chokhalitsa, komanso zosowa za ntchito zinazake. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chingwe cha fiber optic zimathandiza kwambiri pa luso la chingwecho kutumiza deta molondola. Zimakhudza luso la chingwecho kupirira nyengo ndi nyengo.

Kudziwa bwino zinthu zomwe ma fiber optic cables amapangidwa nazo kukuwonetsani momwe amagwirira ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri, chikuwonetsa kufunika kosankha zinthu muukadaulo wamakono uwu.

1. Zinthu Zapakati: Galasi vs. Pulasitiki

Kuphimba chingwe cha fiber optic kumateteza pakati ndi cladding. Magalasi agalasi, opangidwa kuchokera ku silica yoyera kwambiri, amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika chifukwa cha kumveka bwino kwawo komanso kutayika kochepa kwa chizindikiro patali. Galasi la silica, lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito quartz yosungunuka, limafika pamlingo wolondola kwambiri.

Ukadaulo wodabwitsawu umalola kuti deta ifalitsidwe popanda kusokoneza kwambiri. Zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi, monga germanium, zitha kuyambitsidwa kuti ziwonjezere refractive index. Kubwezeretsanso germanium ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndi yosowa kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka ya Dziko Lapansi.

Ma pulasitiki opangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi otchipa kwambiri komanso osavuta kupanga. Ali ndi ubwino wodalirika kwambiri wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito patali, makamaka m'nyumba ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu.

Zikatero, kulimba ndi kusinthasintha zimakondedwa kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mtunda wautali. Ulusi wa pulasitiki si njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira deta kutali, koma ukhoza kukhala njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito pamtengo wotsika chifukwa cha kutsika mtengo kwake.

2. Zipangizo Zophimba: Kapangidwe ndi Cholinga

Kuphimba kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusunga bwino kwa kuwala kotuluka. Kuphimba nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi ma polima okhala ndi fluorine kapena silika wopangidwa ndi doped. Kumaphimba pakati ndikubwezeretsanso kuwala mkati mwake, pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kuwunikira kwathunthu kwamkati.

Zonsezi pamodzi, sizimataya chizindikiro cha munthu komanso sizimatumiza deta mosavuta. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zophimba ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kulondola, monga kulumikizana kwa foni kapena kujambula zithunzi zachipatala.

3. Zipangizo Zophikira: Mitundu ndi Ntchito

Nthawi zambiri timasiya zophimba zomwe timakambirana pa chingwe cha fiber optic chifukwa zimapezeka paliponse. Zipangizo monga acrylate kapena polyimide zimateteza ulusi ku madzi, kuwonongeka ndi zovuta zina zachilengedwe komanso za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zophimba zapaderazi zimathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale chosinthasintha komanso cholimba. Zimathandiza chingwecho kuthana ndi mavuto oyika ndikupirira kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe pomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Magalasi a Fiber Optics: Kusambira Kwambiri

Magalasi optics a fiber optics adasintha kwambiri makampani olumikizirana popereka njira zotumizira deta mwachangu, modalirika komanso mofala kwambiri. Ulusi uwu, wopangidwa ndi magalasi oyera kwambiri, wasintha momwe chidziwitso chimayendera, kuyambira pa zingwe za pansi pa nyanja zomwe zimafalikira m'makontinenti mpaka maukonde am'deralo omwe amathandizira nyumba ndi mabizinesi.

Kapangidwe kawo koyambira kamakhala ndi galasi, cladding, ndi chophimba choteteza. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kumeneku kumathandiza kuti ma signal afalikire bwino kwambiri komanso kutayika kochepa komanso kulimba. Amanyamula oposa 90% ya anthu omwe amafika pa intaneti padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kwawo kwakukulu pa kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi.

Galasi la Silika: Chosankha Chachikulu

Galasi la silika ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito fiber optics chifukwa cha kuyera kwake kosayerekezeka komanso kumveka bwino kwa kuwala. Ndi kuchepa kwa chizindikiro chosayerekezeka, deta imatha kuyenda mtunda wautali popanda kusokoneza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fiber yagalasi ikhale chinthu choyenera kwambiri pakulankhulana mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apadera a silica, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kochepa kwa kufalikira ndi kuyamwa, zimathandiza kukulitsa mphamvu ya chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma transmission. Zipangizo zatsopanozi ndi zolimba mokwanira kuti zipirire kutentha kwambiri komanso mikhalidwe yachilengedwe. Kulimba kumeneku kumawonjezera malo ake ngati muyezo wagolide mu ukadaulo wa fiber optic wagalasi.

Othandizira Kutulutsa Doping: Kusintha Chizindikiro cha Refractive

Mankhwala oletsa kupangika kwa mpweya ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakusintha mawonekedwe a ulusi wagalasi. Zowonjezera izi zokhudzana ndi njira, monga germanium kapena phosphorous, zimasintha kapangidwe ka galasi komwe kamaloleza kuti lizitsogolera bwino kuwala.

Kupaka magalasi m'malo olumikizirana kumakhudza kusiyana kwa refractive index pakati pa pakati ndi cladding. Izi zimapangitsa malire amkati omwe amawonetsa bwino kuwala mkati mwa pakati, zomwe zimawonjezera kutumiza kwa chizindikiro. Mwa kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera, mulingo uwu wowongolera umawonjezera mphamvu yonyamula deta pomwe umachepetsa kusokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kodalirika masiku ano.

Kupanga Magalasi Oyera Kwambiri

Kupanga ulusi wagalasi woyera kwambiri kumafuna njira zolondola kwambiri, monga Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD). Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya MCVD, mpweya wa chloride umalowetsedwa mu chubu cha silica chozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti preform ikhale ngati silinda yopanda kanthu yagalasi.

Kenako mawonekedwe ake amatenthedwa ndikukokedwa kukhala ulusi woonda komanso wofanana ndi mainchesi omwe amafunidwa. Njira yojambulira imatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Kuyera ndikofunikira; ngakhale zinyalala zochepa za ppm zimatha kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a kuwala. Njira zamakono zopangira ziyenera kufika pamlingo womveka bwino komanso wolimba womwe umafunika kuti ulusiwu ukhale wolimba kuti uzitha kupirira zovuta za kulumikizana padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano.

Ubwino wa Ulusi wa Galasi

Ulusi wagalasi ndi wapamwamba kwambiri pa kutumiza deta, ndipo umatha kunyamula ma bandwidth akuluakulu patali popanda kuwonongeka. Ulusi umodzi wokha ukhoza kunyamula makanema opitilira 10 miliyoni nthawi imodzi.

Kulimba kwawo kumachepetsa kufunika kosintha ndi kukonza ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale njira yothetsera mavuto kwa mabizinesi omwe amasamala za mtengo wake. Kusatetezeka kwawo ku kusokonezedwa ndi maginito amagetsi kumawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodalirika pa malo ovuta.

Zoyipa za Ulusi wa Galasi

Ngakhale kuti ulusi wagalasi uli ndi ubwino wambiri, palinso mavuto ena pogwiritsa ntchito. Kufooka kwawo kumatanthauza kuti ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala poika kuti asasweke.

Njira yoyikira yokha ingakhale yovuta kwambiri, imafuna akatswiri aluso ndi zida zapadera. Choyamba, makina a ulusi wagalasi ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa njira zina. Monga momwe wokonzekera mayendedwe aliyense wodziwa bwino ntchito angakuuzeni, ubwino wawo wa nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri umaposa mtengo uwu.

Ma Optics a Plastiki a Fiber: Kusambira Kwambiri

Ma fiber optic apulasitiki, omwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mumthunzi wa magalasi awo, amapereka zabwino zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zinazake. Ngakhale kuti ulusi wagalasi umapangidwa kuchokera ku silica yamadzimadzi ndipo umafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ulusi wapulasitiki umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma polima. Njira yopangira zinthu zambiriyi imapanga ulusi wapulasitiki wosinthasintha komanso wotsika mtengo.

Ngakhale ulusi wagalasi umalamulira kulumikizana kwakutali chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kutumiza deta mwachangu pamtunda wautali, ulusi wa pulasitiki wowunikira (POFs) umawala m'magwiritsidwe ntchito afupiafupi, monga magetsi a magalimoto, zamagetsi, ndi magetsi okongoletsera. Kuthekera kwawo kunyamula kuwala bwino kuposa galasi, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zawo, kumawapangitsa kukhala njira yosinthika m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Ma polima a Acrylic: Zipangizo Zofala za Pulasitiki

Mwa ma polima a acrylic, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ulusi wa pulasitiki. PMMA ili ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa kuwala kowala kwambiri, kuchepa pang'ono kwa mtunda wautali, komanso kukana kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe. Makhalidwe apadera awa amawapangitsa kukhala othandiza kwambiri potumiza kuwala kowoneka.

Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito monga ma accent ndi magetsi amkati mwa galimoto zimakhala zosalala. Ulusi wa acrylic ndi wotetezeka komanso wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa magalasi a fiber optics. Siwofooka kwambiri ndipo amatha kupangidwa kukhala mapangidwe ofewa popanda kusweka.

Pa kutumiza deta kutali, ulusi wagalasi ndiye muyezo wabwino kwambiri. Amachita izi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chizindikiro chawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kukhala ndi bandwidth yokwera.

Ubwino wa Ulusi wa Pulasitiki

Ulusi wa pulasitiki umapereka ubwino wambiri, makamaka pa ntchito zakutali. Ndi wopepuka, wosinthasintha, komanso wosagwirizana ndi kugunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kwambiri m'malo omwe kulimba ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zawo kumalola kuti zilowetsedwe m'malo ogulitsa, komwe katundu wa ogula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire pamtengo wa zinthu.

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo, kuyika kwawo kumakhala kosavuta. Kupindika kwawo kochepa kumapangitsa kuti njira yodutsa m'malo apadera, monga mkati mwa magalimoto kapena zida zamagetsi zolemera, ikhale yosavuta komanso yosinthasintha.

Zoyipa za Ulusi wa Pulasitiki

Pali vuto: ulusi wa pulasitiki si mankhwala othana ndi vuto lililonse. Uli ndi bandwidth yotsika kuposa ulusi wagalasi komanso mtunda waufupi kwambiri wotumizira ndipo umatha kutayika mosavuta. Kuwonetsedwa ndi UV ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, pakati pa zinthu zina zachilengedwe, zimatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito awo pakapita nthawi.

Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta izi, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ubwino wawo umaposa kwambiri mavutowa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ulusi wa Pulasitiki

Ulusi wa pulasitiki umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kale pa magetsi a magalimoto, zowonetsera zokongoletsera, ndi zamagetsi. Zikukhala zofunika kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa mafoni, kusamutsa deta nthawi yayitali, komanso makamaka ma netiweki am'deralo.

Ndi kusinthasintha kwawo komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Galasi vs. Pulasitiki: Kuyerekeza Kwatsatanetsatane

Zingwe za fiber optic zakhala zofunika kwambiri pa maukonde olumikizirana masiku ano. Kugwira ntchito kwawo komanso kuyenerera kwawo kumakhudza zinthu zomwe mungasankhe kuti mupange. Zipangizo ziwirizi ndi galasi ndi pulasitiki, chilichonse chili ndi ubwino wake komanso zovuta zake. Kudziwa bwino kusiyana kumeneku kungakuthandizeni kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chanu chapadera.

Katundu Wowoneka ndi Magwiridwe A Chizindikiro

Popeza ulusi wagalasi uli ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha refractive index poyamba, zikutanthauza kuti ukhoza kunyamula deta yambiri momveka bwino. Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kutumiza deta mwachangu kwambiri pamtunda wautali, kusunga umphumphu wa chizindikiro ngakhale popanda kutayika kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wagalasi ukhoza kufika pa BER ya 10^-12. Kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kumeneku kumatsimikizira kudalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira kwambiri m'mabizinesi ndi m'mafakitale.

Ulusi wagalasi umakhala wolimba kwambiri ku kusokonezeka kwa maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe pali phokoso lalikulu lamagetsi. Ulusi wa pulasitiki (POF) uli ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunda wawo wotumizira ukhale wochepera mamita 100. POF ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga kulumikizana mwachangu mkati mwa nyumba, makamaka m'nyumba zogona ndi m'nyumba zogona.

Komabe, sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito patali kapena pazifukwa zomwe zimafuna kutumiza deta pogwiritsa ntchito bandwidth yayikulu. Kapangidwe ka kuwala ka ulusi wagalasi ndi kosiyana kwambiri. Izi zapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri potumiza deta yofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'malo olumikizirana ndi ma data.

Zoganizira za Mtengo

Ulusi wa pulasitiki nthawi zambiri umawononga ndalama zochepa pasadakhale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale njira yabwino kwambiri kwa mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi bajeti yochepa. Njira yake yopangira yosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika wa zinthu zimathandiza kufotokoza mtengo wake wotsika. Ulusi wagalasi umapereka phindu lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino, kulimba kwake komanso kuchepa kwa zizindikiro pakapita nthawi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wagalasi kumafuna zida zapadera, ukatswiri, ndi njira zoyikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zoyambira zikwere. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wake woyamba ungawoneke wokwera, kuthekera kwake kosunga maukonde olimba komanso othamanga kwambiri kumachepetsa kwambiri kufunikira konse kwa zosintha kapena kusintha mtsogolo.

Pakakhala kuti mtengo ndi wokhawo womwe uyenera kuganiziridwa, ulusi wa pulasitiki uyenera kukhala wokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kotsika. Kwa makampani omwe akufuna kudalirika komanso kukula, ulusi nthawi zambiri ndiye njira yotetezeka yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Kukhalitsa ndi Moyo Wamuyaya

Ulusi wagalasi ndi wolimba mwachilengedwe, wokhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutentha kochepa, kuyambira -40°F mpaka 900°F. Kulimba kumeneku kumawapangitsa kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, kaya m'mafakitale opanga kapena malo osungiramo zinthu, kapena malo omangira kunja. Ngakhale ubwino wa ulusi wagalasi, ulusi wa pulasitiki ndi wochepa koma wosinthasintha - chinthu chomwe chingakhale chofunikira pazinthu zina.

Komabe nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha nthawi yawo yochepa komanso kufooka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepa.

Kukhazikitsa ndi Kusamalira

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha komanso kufooka kochepa, ulusi wa pulasitiki ndi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyika. Kugwira ntchito kumeneku pamodzi ndi mtengo wake kumapangitsa kuti ma marble agalasi akhale njira yabwino kwambiri kwa okonza mapulani kapena mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono.

Kumbali inayi, ulusi wagalasi umafunika kuyikidwa mwaukadaulo, chifukwa kulimba kwawo komanso kulondola kwake kumafuna zida zapadera komanso ukatswiri. N'zosavuta kusunga ulusi wagalasi, chifukwa ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino wapamwamba uwu umachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha mavuto monga kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro kapena kuwonongeka ndi ukalamba.

Zatsopano ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zinthu Zakuthupi

Gawo la fiber optics lakhala likupita patsogolo mwachangu mu sayansi ya zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zakwaniritsa kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kusinthasintha pamene zikulimbana ndi mavuto akuluakulu. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwawonjezera kupirira kutentha komanso kulimba. Kumachepetsanso kutayika kwa chizindikiro ndi kuchepa kuti zithetse kufunikira komwe kukukulirakulira kwa maukonde apamwamba olumikizirana masiku ano.

Zipangizo Zotentha Kwambiri

Zipangizo zotentha kwambiri kuphatikizapo zokutira zapamwamba ndi silica yosatentha zimamangidwa kuti zipirire nyengo yovuta komanso zikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa silica woyera kwambiri ukhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri kopitilira 1,800°F, koyenera m'mabizinesi a ndege, opanga zinthu ndi mafakitale ena.

Zipangizozi ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'malo otentha kwambiri. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamba, monga m'ma injini a jet kapena m'mafakitale. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi, fiber optics imapeza kudalirika kwakukulu, kupereka kutumiza deta yabwino komanso kuyeza mokhazikika pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotentha kwambiri.

Zipangizo Zotsika Kwambiri

Zipangizo zotere zomwe sizinkataya kwambiri zinali zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa fiber optics, monga galasi la silica lopangidwa ndi Germany, lomwe linachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zizindikiro pamtunda wautali. Kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti ntchito yotumizira mauthenga ikhale yotheka, zomwe zinatsegula njira yolankhulirana momveka bwino komanso mwachangu pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma network.

Zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri pamene, m'zaka za m'ma 1970, ulusi woyamba wowala wochepa kwambiri unabwera ndipo unasintha kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse kwamuyaya. Ngakhale masiku ano tikupitilizabe kukonza ukadaulo uwu ndi kupita patsogolo kwamakono. Masiku ano, njira zopangira zinthu zapamwamba zalowa m'malo mwa ulusi wochepa kwambiri wokhala ndi zolakwika zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiro cha chizindikiro chikhale cholimba komanso magwiridwe antchito a netiweki apitirire.

Zipangizo Zolimba Kwambiri

Zingwe za fiber optic zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo akutali komanso ovuta zimafuna zinthu zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Zatsopano kuphatikizapo zokutira za polima zokhazikika komanso zinthu zotchingira madzi zomwe zili ndi malo otsekedwa pakati pa mawaya otetezedwa zawonjezera mphamvu ya chingwe.

Kusintha kumeneku kumateteza ulusi ku madzi, kuwala kwa UV, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika makina. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse m'malo ogwirira ntchito bwino monga zingwe za pansi pa nyanja ndi malo oyika panja. Kulimba nthawi zonse ndikofunikira m'malo omwe anthu amafunikira kwambiri komwe kukonza nthawi zambiri kungayambitse ngozi zachitetezo komanso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito.

Kuchepetsa Kuchepa kwa Chizindikiro

Kuchepetsa chizindikiro, kapena kutayika, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu fiber optics. Kupita patsogolo kwa zipangizo ndi kapangidwe kake, kuphatikizapo ulusi wosinthasintha ndi ulusi wa single-mode, kunathandiza kwambiri pothetsa vutoli.

Zatsopanozi zimachepetsa kufalikira ndi kuyamwa kwa deta, zomwe zimathandiza kuti deta isamutsidwe mozama komanso moyenera. Kuchulukitsa kwa mafunde kapena kugawa mafunde (WDM) kumawonjezera mphamvu ndi ma dayamita angapo. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa mafunde, zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a makina onse othamanga kwambiri komanso zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma bandwidth apamwamba.

Zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Magwiridwe Abwino a Zinthu

Zingwe za fiber optic zimapereka mphamvu zambiri, kulimba komanso ubwino woteteza chilengedwe. Kugwira ntchito kwawo kumadalira kwambiri zipangizo zomwe amapangira komanso malo omwe akukumana nawo. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a zingwezi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kutentha, kupsinjika kwa makina, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, ndi chinyezi ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilephereke. Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika, kuchepetsa kukonza, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito fiber optic, yomwe imatha kukhala zaka 20 mpaka 40.

Kuzindikira kutentha

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kungawononge kwambiri zinthu za fiber optic. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakati pa chingwe ndi cladding zikulire kapena kufupika. Kusinthaku kungayambitse kutayika kapena kusokonekera kwa chizindikiro.

Pakati ndi mkati mwake muli kusiyana kwa refractive index komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi pafupifupi 1% pogwiritsa ntchito ma dopants. Komabe, ubwino uwu ukhoza kusintha pakagwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kuchepe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangidwa poganizira za kukana kutentha—kuphatikizapo zipangizo zapadera za polima ndi zokutira—mapulojekiti amapeza kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali m'nyengo zoopsa kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'nyengo zomwe kutentha kumasinthasintha kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Kutumiza deta mwachangu kumafuna kuti chizindikiro chikhale cholimba nthawi zonse.

Kukana Kupsinjika kwa Makina

Zingwe za fiber optic zikayikidwa komanso ngakhale panthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zakuthupi monga kupindika, kukoka ndi kuphwanya. Pakapita nthawi, mphamvu zimenezi zimaphwanya ndi kufooketsa kapangidwe ka mkati mwa chingwecho.

Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, opanga agwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga ulusi wa aramid ndi zokutira zolimba kuti ateteze ku kupsinjika kwa makina koopsa. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zomwe zimayikidwa m'mizinda ziyenera kupirira kupsinjika kwa kukhazikitsa komanso kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa chilengedwe, monga mphepo kapena kusintha kwa nthaka.

Mwa kuwonjezera kukana kwa makina, zipangizozi sizimangowonjezera kulimba komanso zimachepetsa kufunika kosintha pafupipafupi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale ndi moyo wa zaka 20 mpaka 40.

Kukana Mankhwala

Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi chinthu china chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu za fiber optic. Mafuta, zosungunulira, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa mafakitale zomwe zimatha kuwononga kapena kuwononga chivundikiro choteteza chingwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri.

Zipangizo zosagwira mankhwala, monga ma polima apadera ndi ma acrylate, zimateteza zingwe m'malo monga mafakitale kapena pansi pa nthaka, komwe zoopsa zimakhala zambiri. Kulimba mtima kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti fiber optics ikule bwino m'magwiritsidwe ntchito ambiri.

Kuyambira pa malo otulutsira mafuta mpaka ku malo osungira madzi, amapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Mphamvu ya Chinyezi

Chinyezi chimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu pa zingwe za fiber optic. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chilowe m'zingwezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zisamayende bwino kapena kuti zizindikirozo zilephereke.

Zipolopolo zosagwira chinyezi komanso zinthu zina zotsekereza madzi ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa mavutowa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'madera otentha kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zoyikira, monga kutseka malo olowera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera mpweya, makontrakitala amatha kupewa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi chinyezi. Njirazi zimatsimikizira kuti zingwe zikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ngakhale m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka.

Zimathandizanso kutumiza deta moyenera, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zochepa mpaka 70% pa gigabit iliyonse kuposa maukonde amkuwa.

Mapeto

Zingwe za fiber optic zimadalira kukhulupirika kwa zipangizozo kuti zipereke magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kudalirika. Ulusi wagalasi ndi wolondola kwambiri komanso wolimba, pomwe ulusi wa pulasitiki umapereka ubwino pakusinthasintha komanso mtengo. Chida chilichonse chimapereka zabwino zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira maukonde akuluakulu othamanga kwambiri mpaka kulumikizana kwapafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina. Zatsopano muukadaulo wazinthuzi sizinathe, zomwe zikupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika.

Kudziwa bwino zinthuzi kumakupatsani mwayi womvetsetsa bwino ubwino ndi zofooka za chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili mu projekiti yanu. Kaya ndi kulimba, kusinthasintha, kapena zofunikira zosamalira chilengedwe, kusankha chingwe choyenera cha fiber optic kumabweretsa chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino. Pezani zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu zapadera ndipo pangani kudzipereka koyenera pasadakhale ku mayankho olimba komanso okonzeka mtsogolo omwe amasintha malinga ndi zosowa. Lumikizanani ndi intaneti yochuluka. Khalani odziwa zambiri ndikupanga chisankho choyenera kuti musinthe bwino.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe za fiber optic?

Zingwe za fiber optic nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku galasi kapena pulasitiki yapamwamba kwambiri. Ulusi wagalasi umapangidwa ndi silica yeniyeni, koma ulusi wapulasitiki umagwiritsa ntchito ma polima. Zipangizo zonsezi ndizoyenera kutumiza zizindikiro za kuwala komanso kulumikizana.

Ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chili bwino: galasi kapena pulasitiki?

Galasi imapereka bandwidth yokulirapo komanso kutumiza mtunda wautali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta pa maukonde a matelefoni. Popeza ndi otsika mtengo, opindika komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zina zakutali.

N’chifukwa chiyani magalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe za fiber optic?

Galasi imasankhidwa chifukwa cha kutumiza bwino kuwala, kutayika kwa chizindikiro komanso kulimba. Imapereka mphamvu ku deta yothamanga kwambiri pamtunda wautali, ndikutsegulira njira maukonde anzeru amtsogolo.

Kodi ma fiber optic apulasitiki ndi olimba?

Zoonadi, ma fiber optic apulasitiki ndi olimba kwambiri komanso opindika kwambiri. Sakonda kupindika komanso kupsinjika thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito zazifupi komanso zosalimba monga ma netiweki apakhomo ndi makina a magalimoto.

Kodi zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhudza bwanji zinthu za fiber optic?

Kuwala kwa UV, chinyezi, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha zonse zimakhudza zinthu za fiber optic. Zipangizo zoyenera zomangira mapaipi ndi zophimba zimateteza zingwe za fiber optic kuti zisawonongeke ndi zinthu zowononga zomwe zili pafupi nazo.

Kodi zinthu zatsopano zomwe zachitika posachedwapa mu fiber optic ndi ziti?

Zinthu zatsopanozi zayang'ana kwambiri pa kusakaniza magalasi ambiri, zipangizo zokhazikika za jekete lamkati ndi lakunja, komanso njira zamakono zopangira utoto. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumathandizira kulimba, magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe.

Kodi kusankha zinthu kumakhudza momwe chingwe cha fiber optic chimagwirira ntchito?

Mukudziwa kuti kusankha zinthu kumakhudza ubwino wa kutumiza, mtunda ndi mtengo. Galasi limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamanetiweki akutali komanso othamanga kwambiri, pomwe pulasitiki imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zazifupi.