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Intambo ye-Fiber Optic ye-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS): Isishwankathelo esipheleleyo

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Intambo ye-Fiber Optic ye-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS): Isishwankathelo esipheleleyo

2025-02-11

Ndifuna ukubhala intshayelelo eneenkcukacha malunga neentambo ze-ADSS fiber optic. Mandiqale ngokukhumbula endikwaziyo. I-ADSS imele i-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting. Oko mhlawumbi kuthetha ukuba ayinazo naziphi na izinto zesinyithi, akunjalo? Kuba izinto ze-dielectric azikwazi ukukhupha umbane. Ngoko ke, ezi ntambo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho zingadingi nkxaso yangaphandle, mhlawumbi njengokuxhonywa phakathi kweepali ngaphandle kwentambo ye-messenger.

Okokuqala, kufuneka ndichaze ukuba zeziphi iintambo ze-ADSS. Ndicinga ukuba zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, xa ndibeka imigca ye-fiber optic. Ekubeni zizixhasa ngokwazo, zinokufakwa kwiipali zombane ezikhoyo okanye kwiinqaba zothumelo. Oko kuzenza zahluke kwezinye iintambo zefayibha ezinokufuna umtya wenkxaso owahlukileyo.

intambo ye-ADSSF-fiber-optic-cable.jpg

Ulwakhiwo lwentambo: ekubeni i-dielectric yonke, akukho sinyithi. Ngoko ke amalungu ombane kufuneka abe yinto efana neeyard ze-aramid (ezifana neKevlar) okanye i-fiberglass. Umbindi uya kuba neefayibha ze-optical, mhlawumbi kwiityhubhu ezikhululekileyo okanye ezifakwe i-buffer eqinileyo. Emva koko kukho iileya ezijikeleze loo nto zokukhusela nokomelela. Mhlawumbi kukho ijakethi yangaphandle ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili: amandla aphezulu okutsalwa kuba kufuneka zixhase ubunzima bazo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezingqongileyo ezifana ne-UV, ukufuma, utshintsho lobushushu. Ekubeni kungekho sinyithi, azinakuphazamiseka kumbane, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu, ingakumbi kufutshane neentambo zombane.

Izicelo: zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinethiwekhi zamandla kuba zinokuxhonywa ecaleni kwemigca ye-high-voltage ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuhanjiswa kombane. Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiinethiwekhi ze-telecom, mhlawumbi kwiindawo apho ungakwaziyo ukumba imisele, ngoko ke ukufakwa kwe-airline kungcono. Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiindawo ezithandwa ngumbane kuba ukungabikho kwesinyithi kuthetha ukuba akukho mngcipheko mkhulu wokonakala.

Iingenelo kunezinye iintambo: akukho mfuneko yentambo yokuxhasa eyahlukileyo, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko zokufakela. Ubunzima obukhaphukhaphu, kulula ukuyiphatha. Ikhuselekile xa ujikeleze iintambo zombane. Ubude obude bunokwenzeka ngenxa yamandla azo.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufakelwa: kufuneka ubale ukuwohloka kunye noxinzelelo ngokusekelwe kubude besithuba kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Kufuneka ulumke ngeziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo, ingakumbi xa ufaka kwiintambo zombane. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifana nee-suspension clamps kunye nee-vibration dampers zinokufuneka.

Imigangatho kunye nokuthobela imithetho: kufuneka kubekho imigangatho yoshishino yokuvelisa nokuvavanya, njengemigangatho ye-IEC okanye ye-IEEE. Mhlawumbi ethile yokusebenza koomatshini, njengomthwalo wokutsalwa, uluhlu lobushushu, njl.njl.

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Imingeni: mhlawumbi ibiza kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo? Okanye imida kubude besithuba phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Kwakhona, ukufakelwa kufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo ukuze kusingathwe uxinzelelo nokuwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Yima, mandijonge ukuba kukho into endiyiphosileyo na. Mhlawumbi sithethe ngeentlobo zeefayibha ezisetyenzisiweyo, njengemowudi enye okanye imowudi ezininzi. Kodwa i-ADSS imalunga nokwakhiwa kwentambo kunohlobo lwefayibha. Kwakhona, khankanya izinto zejakethi yangaphandle, njenge-polyethylene okanye i-AT (anti-tracking) sheath ukuthintela ukulandelwa kombane kwimigca enikwe amandla.

Kwakhona, mhlawumbi khankanya indlela eziyilwe ngayo ukusingatha imithwalo eyahlukeneyo yomoya kunye nomkhenkce kuxhomekeke kummandla. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lwentambo (MAT) kunye noxinzelelo lwemihla ngemihla (EDS) zizinto ezibalulekileyo.

Hmm, kufuneka ndichaze nokuba kutheni zibizwa ngokuba zizixhasa ngokwazo. Kuba zinamandla aneleyo ekwakhiweni kwazo ukuze zikwazi ukuzibamba phakathi kwezixhaso ngaphandle kokufuna ucingo olwahlukileyo lwe-messenger. Oko kwahlukile, masithi, kwi-OPGW eyi-optical ground wire, inxalenye yesiseko sombane.

Ndifuna ukuyila oku ngendlela ehambelanayo. Qala ngenkcazelo, uze emva koko ube nesakhiwo, iimpawu eziphambili, usetyenziso, iingenelo, izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufakwa, imigangatho, imingeni. Qinisekisa ukuba amagama obuchwephesha achaziwe. Mhlawumbi sebenzisa izihloko kwicandelo ngalinye. Kuphephe ukuhla kwexabiso, kodwa umsebenzisi ufuna intshayelelo eneenkcukacha, ngoko ke kulungile ukuba namacandelo.

Linda, impendulo yomzekelo womsebenzisi isebenzise izihloko. Mhlawumbi ulandele eso sakhiwo kodwa ngombhalo ocacileyo. Mandiqinisekise ukuba onke amanqaku agutyungelwe ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda kakhulu. Kwakhona, jonga ukuba kukho abavelisi abathile okanye iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo, kodwa mhlawumbi oko kuneenkcukacha ezininzi. Gxila kulwazi oluqhelekileyo.

Ndicinga ukuba sisiqalo esihle eso. Ngoku hlela ezi ngcinga zibe yinkcazo ecwangcisiweyo. Qinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye ihamba ngendlela eqondakalayo. Chaza amagama njengoko evela. Sebenzisa imizekelo apho kuyimfuneko. Cacisa iinkalo zobugcisa ngaphandle kokuthatha ulwazi oluninzi lwangaphambili. Qinisekisa ukuba amanqaku aphambili malunga nokuba yi-dielectric yonke, ukuzixhasa, usetyenziso kwimigca yombane, izibonelelo ngaphezu kweentambo zesinyithi ziyagutyungelwa.

Intambo ye-Fiber Optic ye-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS): Isishwankathelo esipheleleyo

1. Inkcazo kunye nenjongo
Iintambo ze-fiber optic ze-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) zezentambo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukufakwa emoyeni ngaphandle kokufuna umtya wenkxaso owahlukileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, azizo zesinyithi ngokupheleleyo (dielectric), nto leyo ezenza zingachaphazeleki kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kwaye zilungele ukuthunyelwa kufutshane neentambo zamandla eziphezulu. Indlela ezizixhasa ngayo ivumela ukuba zihambe umgama omde phakathi kweepali zombane okanye iitowutha zokuhambisa ngokuzimeleyo.

2. Ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo

  • Isiseko se-Optical: Iqulethe imicu yemowudi enye okanye yemowudi ezininzi, edla ngokucwangciswa kwiityhubhu ezikhululekileyo okanye kwiindlela eziqinileyo zokukhusela uxinzelelo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

  • Amalungu Amandla: Iqiniswe ngezinto ze-dielectric ezifana ne-aramid yarn (umz., iKevlar) okanye iintonga ze-fiberglass ukubonelela ngamandla okutsalwa kunye nokuguquguquka.

  • Iityhubhu zeBuffer: Khusela imicu kumswakama kunye nomonakalo woomatshini, odla ngokuzaliswa yijeli ethintela amanzi.

  • Ijakethi Yangaphandle: Yenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nemozulu ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE) okanye iishelufu ezichasene nokulandelela (AT). Ishelufu ye-AT ithintela ukuxinana kombane kwiintambo zombane, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekufakweni kufutshane neziseko zophuhliso ezine-voltage ephezulu.

3. Iimpawu eziphambili

  • Amandla aphezulu okuThatha: Ixhasa ubunzima bayo kwiindlela ezinde (ngesiqhelo i-100–1,500 yeemitha).

  • Ukumelana nokusingqongileyo: Iyamelana nemisebe ye-UV, amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, umkhenkce, kunye nemithwalo yomoya.

  • Ukungakhuseleki kwe-EMIAkukho zinto zesinyithi ezisusa iingozi zokuphazamiseka, nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezinengxolo yombane.

  • Ilula: Ukufakela kulula xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqiniswe ngesinyithi.

4. Izicelo

  • Izixhobo zoMbane: Isetyenziswa ecaleni kwemigca yothumelo olune-voltage ephezulu ukuze kujongwe igridi (umz., iinkqubo ze-SCADA) kunye nonxibelelwano.

  • IiNethiwekhi zoNxibelelwano: Isetyenziswa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni okanye ezirhabaxa apho ukugalela imisele kungenzeki khona.

  • Iindawo Ezinzima: Ilungele iindawo ezithandwa ngumbane, iindawo ezikunxweme (iijakethi ezingamelaniyo netyuwa), kunye nemozulu eshushu kakhulu.

5. Iingenelo ngaphezu kweeCables zeMveli

  • Ukonga iindleko: Isusa isidingo seentambo ze-messenger ezahlukeneyo, inciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha kunye nabasebenzi.

  • ukhuseleko: Ukungaqhubi kakuhle kunciphisa iingozi ngexesha lokufakelwa kufutshane neentambo zombane ezisebenzayo.

  • Ukuqina: Ixesha elide lokuphila (iminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu) ngaphandle kokulungiswa kakhulu.

6. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufakelwa

  • Ubunjineli beSpan: Ukubala ukuhla, uxinzelelo, kunye nemithwalo yomoya/yomkhenkce kubaluleke kakhulu. Iiparameter ezifana neMaximum Permissible Tension (MAT) kunye ne-Everyday Stress (EDS) zikhokela ukufakwa okukhuselekileyo.

  • Izixhobo zekhompyutha: Ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (umz., ii-suspension clamps, ii-vibration dampers) ukulawula uxinzelelo loomatshini kunye nokuthintela ukugabha.

  • Ukusondela kwiMigca yoMbane: Igcina indawo icocekile ukuze ingalandeleli umbane, ingakumbi ngeentambo ezifakwe i-AT-sheathed.

7. Imigangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMigangatho
Iintambo ze-ADSS zihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (umz., i-IEC, i-IEEE) yokusebenza koomatshini, okusingqongileyo, kunye nombane. Uvavanyo luquka ukumelana nomthwalo otyhafileyo, ukujikeleza kobushushu, kunye nokuvezwa kwe-UV.

8. Imingeni kunye nokuNciphiswa kweMida

  • Ixabiso: Indleko yokuqala ephezulu xa ithelekiswa neentambo zomoya eziqhelekileyo, ezilinganiswa nokonga kwexesha elide.

  • Imida yeSpanIimeko ezimandundu zokusingqongileyo (umz., umkhenkce onzima) zinokunciphisa ubude obuphezulu bobude besithuba.

  • Kufuneka Ubuchule: Ukufakelwa kufuna ubunjineli obuchanekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxinana kakhulu okanye ukuwohloka okugqithisileyo.

Isiphelo
Iintambo ze-ADSS zisisombululo esomeleleyo kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngamandla nakwiindawo ezinzima. Uyilo lwazo lwe-dielectric, oludibene namandla aphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, luzenza zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo lokudluliselwa kwedatha okuthembekileyo, okungenasiphazamiso. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kusebenzisa izibonelelo zazo kukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Qhagamshelana Nathi, Fumana Iimveliso Ezisemgangathweni kunye Nenkonzo Ecokisekileyo.

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