Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic elizisekelayo (i-ADSS) le-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting: I-Comprehensi

Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic le-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS): Ukubuka Konke Okuphelele

2025-02-11

Ngidinga ukubhala isingeniso esinemininingwane mayelana nezintambo ze-ADSS fiber optic. Ake ngiqale ngokukhumbula engikwaziyo. I-ADSS imele i-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting. Lokho mhlawumbe kusho ukuthi ayinazo izingxenye zensimbi, akunjalo? Ngoba izinto ze-dielectric azikwazi ukudlulisa ugesi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zintambo zisetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho zingadingi khona ukwesekwa kwangaphandle, mhlawumbe njengokulenga phakathi kwezingodo ngaphandle kwentambo ye-messenger.

Okokuqala, kufanele ngichaze ukuthi ziyini izintambo ze-ADSS. Zisetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana, ngicabanga, ekubekeni imigqa ye-fiber optic. Njengoba zizisekela zona, zingafakwa ezigxotsheni zosizo ezikhona noma emibhoshongweni yokudlulisela. Lokho kuzenza zihluke kwezinye izintambo ze-fiber ezingadinga umucu wokusekela ohlukile.

ikhebula le-fiber-optic le-ADSSF.jpg

Isakhiwo sekhebula: njengoba lisebenza nge-dielectric kuphela, akukho nsimbi. Ngakho-ke amalungu okuqina kumele abe yinto efana ne-aramid yarns (njenge-Kevlar) noma i-fiberglass. Ingaphakathi lingaba ne-optical fibers, mhlawumbe ngamapayipi akhululekile noma aboshwe ngokuqinile. Bese kuba khona izendlalelo ezizungezile ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kuqiniswe. Mhlawumbe kukhona ijazi langaphandle elimelana nesimo sezulu.

Izici ezibalulekile: amandla aphezulu okudonseka ngoba kufanele zisekele isisindo sazo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kumelwe zimelane nezici zemvelo ezifana ne-UV, umswakama, izinguquko zokushisa. Njengoba kungekho nsimbi, azinawo amandla okuphazamisana nogesi, okuyinto enhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezintambo zikagesi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza: ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi kagesi ngoba zingaxhunywa eceleni kwemigqa enamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuqhutshwa komoya. Zisetshenziswa futhi kumanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana, mhlawumbe ezindaweni lapho ungakwazi ukumba khona imisele, ngakho ukufakwa emoyeni kungcono. Zisetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezivame ukuba nombani ngoba ukungabi nensimbi kusho ingozi encane yomonakalo.

Izinzuzo kunezinye izintambo: asikho isidingo sentambo yokusekela ehlukile, okunciphisa isikhathi sokufaka kanye nezindleko. Isisindo esilula, kulula kakhulu ukuyiphatha. Kuphephile eduze kwezintambo zikagesi. Ubude besikhathi eside bungenzeka ngenxa yamandla azo.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ekufakweni: kudingeka ubale ukuwohloka kanye nokucindezeleka ngokusekelwe kubude besikhathi kanye nezimo zemvelo. Kumelwe uqaphele ngengqalasizinda ekhona, ikakhulukazi uma ufaka ezintanjeni zikagesi. Kungadingeka ihadiwe efanele njengezibambo zokumiswa kanye nezidambisi zokudlidliza.

Izindinganiso kanye nokuhambisana nazo: kumele kube nezindinganiso zemboni zokukhiqiza nokuhlola, njengezindinganiso ze-IEC noma ze-IEEE. Mhlawumbe ezithile zokusebenza komshini, njengomthwalo wokudonsa, izinga lokushisa, njll.

Izinselele: mhlawumbe zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo? Noma imikhawulo yobude besikhathi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Futhi, ukufakwa kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile ukuze kusingathwe ukucindezeleka nokuwa kahle.

Linda, ake ngihlole ukuthi kukhona yini engikuphuthelwe. Mhlawumbe ngikhulume ngezinhlobo zezintambo ezisetshenzisiwe, njengemodi eyodwa noma imodi eminingi. Kodwa i-ADSS imayelana kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwekhebula kunohlobo lwentambo. Futhi, khuluma ngezinto zejakethi yangaphandle, njenge-polyethylene noma i-AT (anti-tracking) sheath ukuvimbela ukulandelela kukagesi emigqeni enamandla.

Futhi, mhlawumbe usho ukuthi zenzelwe kanjani ukusingatha imithwalo yomoya neqhwa ehlukene kuye ngesifunda. Ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuvunyelwe kwekhebula (i-MAT) kanye nokucindezeleka kwansuku zonke (i-EDS) kuyimingcele ebalulekile.

Hmm, kufanele futhi ngichaze ukuthi kungani zibizwa ngokuthi zizimele. Ngoba zinamandla anele ekwakhiweni kwazo ukuze zikwazi ukuzibamba phakathi kwezisekelo ngaphandle kokudinga ucingo oluhlukile lwe-messenger. Lokho kuhlukile, ake sithi, i-OPGW okuyi-optical ground wire, ingxenye yengqalasizinda yomugqa wamandla.

Ngidinga ukuhlela lokhu ngendlela ehambisanayo. Qala ngencazelo, bese kuba nesakhiwo, izici ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinzuzo, izinto okufanele uzicabangele zokufaka, amazinga, izinselele. Qiniseka ukuthi amagama obuchwepheshe ayachazwa. Mhlawumbe sebenzisa izihloko zesigaba ngasinye. Gwema ukuncishiswa, kodwa umsebenzisi ufuna isingeniso esinemininingwane, ngakho-ke kulungile ukuba nezigaba.

Linda, impendulo yesibonelo somsebenzisi isebenzise izihloko. Mhlawumbe landela leso sakhiwo kodwa ngombhalo ocacile. Ake ngiqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaphuzu amboziwe ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda kakhulu. Futhi, hlola ukuthi kukhona yini abakhiqizi abathile noma imininingwane ejwayelekile, kodwa mhlawumbe lokho kunemininingwane eminingi kakhulu. Gxila kulwazi olujwayelekile.

Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuyisiqalo esihle. Manje hlela le micabango ibe yincazelo ehlelekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye igeleza ngokunengqondo. Chaza amagama njengoba ephuma. Sebenzisa izibonelo lapho kudingeka khona. Cacisa izici zobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokuthatha ulwazi oluningi lwangaphambilini. Qinisekisa ukuthi amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana nokuba yi-dielectric kuphela, ukuzisekela, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zikagesi, izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezintambo zensimbi zihlanganisiwe.

Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic le-All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS): Ukubuka Konke Okuphelele

1. Incazelo kanye neNhloso
Izintambo ze-fiber optic ze-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) ziyizintambo ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukufakwa emoyeni ngaphandle kokudinga umucu wokusekela ohlukile. Njengoba igama lisho, azizona neze izinsimbi (dielectric), okwenza zingathinteki ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) futhi zilungele ukuthunyelwa eduze kwezintambo zikagesi ezine-voltage ephezulu. Ukuzisekela kwazo kuzivumela ukuthi zihambe amabanga amade phakathi kwezigxobo zikagesi noma imibhoshongo yokudlulisa ngokuzimela.

2. Ukwakheka Kwesakhiwo

I-Optical Core: Iqukethe imicu yemodi eyodwa noma yemodi eminingi, evame ukuhlelwa ngamashubhu akhululekile noma ukucushwa okuqinile ukuze kuvikelwe ekucindezelekeni nasezicini zemvelo.
Amalungu Amandla: Kuqiniswe ngezinto ze-dielectric ezifana ne-aramid yarn (isb., i-Kevlar) noma izinduku ze-fiberglass ukuze kunikezwe amandla okunamathela kanye nokuguquguquka.
Amapayipi e-Buffer: Vikela imicu emonakalweni womswakama kanye nowomshini, ovame ukugcwaliswa ngejeli elivimba amanzi.
Ijazi Langaphandle: Yakhiwe ngezinto ezingamelani nesimo sezulu njenge-polyethylene (PE) noma ama-sheath okulwa nokulandelela (AT). I-AT sheath ivimbela ukugoba kukagesi ezintanjeni zikagesi, okubalulekile ekufakweni eduze kwengqalasizinda enamandla kagesi aphezulu.

3. Izici Eziyinhloko

Amandla Okuqinela Aphezulu: Isekela isisindo sayo ngokuhamba ibanga elide (ngokuvamile amamitha ayi-100–1,500).
Ukuqina Kwemvelo: Imelana nemisebe ye-UV, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, iqhwa, kanye nemithwalo yomoya.
Ukungavikeleki Kwe-EMI: Azikho izingxenye zensimbi eziqeda izingozi zokuphazamiseka, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka ezindaweni ezinomsindo kagesi.
Ilula: Ukufakwa okulula uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo eziqiniswe ngensimbi.

4. Izicelo

Izinsiza Zamandla: Isetshenziswa eceleni kwemigqa yokudlulisa ene-voltage ephezulu ukuze kuqashwe igridi (isb., izinhlelo ze-SCADA) kanye nokuxhumana.
Amanethiwekhi Ezokuxhumana: Kusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma eziqinile lapho ukugawula imisele kungenzeki khona.
Izindawo Ezinzima: Ilungele izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu umbani, izindawo ezisogwini (amajakethi amelana nosawoti), kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

5. Izinzuzo Kunezintambo Zendabuko

Ukusetshenziswa Kahle Kwezindleko: Kuqeda isidingo sezintambo zokuthumela ezihlukene, kunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nezabasebenzi.
Ukuphepha: Ukungaqhubi kahle kunciphisa izingozi ngesikhathi sokufakwa eduze kwezintambo zikagesi ezibukhoma.
Ukuqina: Isikhathi eside sokuphila (iminyaka engaphezu kuka-25) ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuningi.

6. Izinto Okumelwe Uzicabangele Zokufaka

Ubunjiniyela be-Span: Izibalo zokuwa, ukucindezeleka, kanye nemithwalo yomoya/iqhwa zibalulekile. Amapharamitha afana ne-Maximum Permissible Tension (MAT) kanye ne-Everyday Stress (EDS) aqondisa ukufakwa okuphephile.
Ihadiwe: Kudinga izinto ezikhethekile zokufaka (isb., ama-suspension clamps, ama-vibration dampers) ukuze kulawulwe ukucindezeleka komshini futhi kuvinjelwe ukugadla.
Ukusondelana Nezintambo Zikagesi: Igcina indawo iphephile ukuze igweme ukulandelwa ngogesi, ikakhulukazi ngezintambo ezifakwe i-AT.

7. Izindinganiso Nokuhambisana Nemithetho
Izintambo ze-ADSS zinamathela ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke (isb., i-IEC, i-IEEE) ngokusebenza kwemishini, kwemvelo, kanye nogesi. Ukuhlolwa kufaka phakathi ukumelana nomthwalo oqinile, ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuvezwa yi-UV.

8. Izinselele kanye nemikhawulo

Izindleko: Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezijwayelekile zomoya, ezincishiswe ukonga kwesikhathi eside.
Ukulinganiselwa Kwesikhala: Izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu (isb., iqhwa elinzima) zinganciphisa ubude obukhulu besikhathi.
Kudingeka Ubuchwepheshe: Ukufakwa kudinga ubunjiniyela obunembile ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka ngokweqile noma ukuwohloka ngokweqile.

Isiphetho
Izintambo ze-ADSS ziyisisombululo esiqinile samanethiwekhi okuxhumana anamuhla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ugesi kanye nezinselele. Ukwakheka kwazo kwe-dielectric, kuhlanganiswe namandla aphezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokudluliselwa kwedatha okuthembekile, okungenaziphazamiso. Ukwakheka nokufakwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, kusebenzisa izinzuzo zazo ngokuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Xhumana Nathi, Thola Imikhiqizo Esezingeni Eliphezulu kanye Nensizakalo Yokunaka.

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