Izintambo ze-optical, ezaziwa nangokuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic, ziyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana zesimanje kanye ne-inthanethi.
Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukudlulisa izimpawu zokukhanya emabangeni amade ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kwamandla esignali, okwenza zibe ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-bandwidth ephezulu.
Ukuze kufezwe leli zinga lokusebenza, izintambo ze-optical zakhiwe ngezendlalelo eziningana zezinto, ngayinye inenhloso yayo ethile. Ingqikithi yentambo ye-optical yilapho ukukhanya kuhamba khona.
Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemicu yengilazi, yize kusetshenziswa nemicu yepulasitiki.
Imicu yengilazi iyathandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kanye namazinga aphansi okunciphisa ukukhanya, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zokukhanya zingahamba amabanga amade ngokulahlekelwa amandla okuncane.
Ingaphakathi lizungeze i-cladding, nayo eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki.
Indima ye-cladding iwukubuyisa ukukhanya emuva enkabeni, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwesignali nokugcina ubuqotho besignali.
Ukuze kufezwe lo mphumela, i-cladding ine-refractive index ephansi kune-core, Ngaphezu kwe-core kanye ne-cladding, izintambo ze-optical nazo zifaka i-buffer coating.
Lokhu kugqoka kuvikela umongo kanye nokumbozwa emswakama kanye nomonakalo ongokwenyama.

Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer ezifana ne-acrylate noma i-silicone, i-buffer coating iqinisekisa ukuthi imicu yengilazi ethambile ihlala ivikelekile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye naso sonke isikhathi senkonzo yekhebula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhebula linamalungu aqinile enziwe ngezinto ezifana nezintambo ze-aramid, i-fiberglass, noma ngisho nezintambo zensimbi.
La malungu okuqina anikeza amandla okudonsa adingekayo ukuze amelane namandla okudonsa ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwekhebula. Ekugcineni, ijazi langaphandle liyingqimba yokugcina yekhebula elibonakalayo.
Yenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-PVC, i-LSZH, noma i-polyethylene, ijazi langaphandle livikela isakhiwo sekhebula lonke ezicini zemvelo okuhlanganisa umswakama, ukuguguleka, kanye nomthelela. Lolu ngqimba luphinde lufake isandla ekuqineni kwekhebula kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ezimweni ezidinga kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto kukhebula le-optical kwenza kube lula ukudlulisa izimpawu ze-optical ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kanye nokuqina okuphezulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, izintambo ze-optical zibalulekile ezidingweni ezahlukene zokuxhumana kanye nengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi, okuhlinzeka ngomgogodla wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-bandwidth ephezulu, enye inkampani ehamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bezintambo ze-optical.
Ngokuzibophezela ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kanye nekhwalithi, isungule izixazululo eziningi zekhebula elibonakalayo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu embonini.
Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe, ihlinzeka ngezintambo ezibonakalayo ezinikeza ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuthembeka, KwaFeiboer, umongo wezintambo zazo ezibonakalayo wenziwe ngezintambo zeglasi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuhle kakhulu emabangeni amade.
Isembozo senzelwe ukubuyisa ukukhanya emuva enkabeni, sigcina ubuqotho besignali ngokulahlekelwa okuncane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-buffer coating esetshenziswa yi- inikeza isivikelo esingcono kakhulu semicu yengilazi ethambile, ivikela izintambo emswakama nasekulimaleni ngokomzimba, Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenzisa amalungu anamandla enziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe njengezintambo ze-aramid kanye ne-fiberglass, okunikeza amandla okudonsa adingekayo ezintambo zazo.
Amajakethi angaphandle ezintambo zawo enziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, anikeza isivikelo esiyingqayizivele ezicini zemvelo, Ngokugxila ekusunguleni nasekuthembekeni, ungumlingani othembekile wezixazululo zekhebula le-optical.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwezokuxhumana, ingqalasizinda ye-inthanethi, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-bandwidth ephezulu, kuletha izintambo ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezidinga kakhulu, Ekuphetheni, izinto ezisetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-optical ziyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwazo nasekuqineni kwazo.
Ngokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwemicu yengilazi, i-cladding, i-buffer coating, amalungu okuqina, kanye nejazi langaphandle, izintambo ze-optical zingadlulisela izimpawu zokukhanya ngokuthembekile emabangeni amade, okwenza zibe yinto ebalulekile kwezokuxhumana kwesimanje kanye nengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi.

Izinkampani ezifana nalezi zihola phambili ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo zekhebula le-optical ezithuthukisiwe ezibeka indinganiso yokusebenza nokuthembeka embonini.