ʻO nā kaula fiber optic kēlā mau kaula lahilahi e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālamalama. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka pūnaewele, a pēlā aku. Akā pehea ka hohonu o ko lākou kanu ʻia ʻana? Hmm, manaʻo wau he ʻokoʻa ia. Malia paha he ʻokoʻa nā lula o nā wahi like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea mua, ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale, aia paha he nui aku nā ʻoihana, no laila malia paha e kanu hohonu lākou iā lākou e pale aku i nā pono hana ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ma nā wahi kuaʻāina, ʻaʻole paha i hohonu loa. Akā e kali, no ke aha lākou e kanu hohonu ai iā lākou ma kekahi mau wahi? Malia paha e pale aku iā lākou mai ka pōʻino. E like me, inā aia ma lalo o ke alanui, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake i ka hana kūkulu e ʻeli ana iā lākou. No laila malia paha e pili ana ka hohonu i ka wahi a me ka hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia.

Manaʻo wau he mau kūlana a i ʻole nā ​​alakaʻi no kēia. Malia paha ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia kekahi mau lula o ka Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? A i ʻole ua hoʻoholo ʻia e nā code hale kūloko. E noʻonoʻo wau. Eia kekahi, he ʻokoʻa paha nā kūlana o nā ʻāina like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kūʻē iā ʻEulopa, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka hohonu. Akā, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ka mea hoʻohana i kahi ʻāina, no laila pono paha wau e haʻi i nā kūlana maʻamau a hoʻomaopopo he hiki ke ʻokoʻa.

Hoʻomanaʻo wau he hiki i ka hohonu o ke kanu ʻana no nā pono hana ma kahi o 18 a 24 ʻīniha. Akā, he ʻokoʻa paha nā koi o ka fiber optic. E kali, manaʻo wau i kekahi mau hihia, e like me lalo o nā alanui, hele lākou i ka hohonu, malia paha he 36 ʻīniha a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ia hoʻi he 3 kapuaʻi. Akā ma nā wahi palupalu, e like me lalo o kahi mahinaʻai, malia paha he 24 ʻīniha. Aia kekahi kanu pololei e kūʻē i ka conduit. Inā aia ke kaula i loko o kahi conduit, malia paha ua kanu ʻia i kahi hohonu, akā inā ua kanu pololei ʻia, malia paha he hohonu ʻokoʻa.

Eia kekahi, i nā ʻāina anuanu, hiki i ka laina hau ke lilo i kumu. Pono ʻoe e kanu ma lalo o ka laina hau e pale aku i ka piʻi ʻana, kahi e hōʻino ai i ke kaula. ʻOkoʻa ka hohonu o ka laina hau; ma nā mokuʻāina ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki ke nui nā kapuaʻi, ʻoiai ma nā wahi mahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. No laila ma Minnesota paha, kanu lākou i ka hohonu ma mua o Florida. Akā, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā kaula fiber optic e ka mahana e like me, e like me, nā paipu wai, akā hiki ke hopohopo ʻia nā lako hoʻonohonoho a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua.

ʻO kekahi mea e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻo ia ke Kānāwai Uila Lahui (NEC) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ke kuhikuhi nei kēlā i nā hohonu kanu no nā kaula kamaʻilio? Manaʻo wau ua uhi ʻo NEC Article 800 i nā kaapuni kamaʻilio. E hoʻāʻo wau e hoʻomanaʻo. No nā hoʻonohonoho hale noho, malia paha he 24 ʻīniha no ke kanu pololei ʻana, 18 ʻīniha inā ma ke kahawai. Akā, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu. E kali, pono paha ʻo NEC i 24 ʻīniha no ke kanu pololei ʻana i nā laina uila, akā malia paha he haʻahaʻa ka uila o nā fiber optics, he mau lula ʻokoʻa ko lākou. Malia paha he pāpaʻu lākou? Akā pono wau e nānā.

E kali, akā ʻōlelo kekahi mau kumu ua kanu pinepine ʻia nā kaula fiber optic ma nā hohonu e like me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka hohonu maʻamau he 24 a 36 ʻīniha. Akā i kekahi mau hihia, e like me lalo o nā alanui a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi me nā mīkini kaumaha, hiki ke hohonu aʻe, a hiki i 48 ʻīniha. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hele ai ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hohonu e pale aku i ka pōʻino mai ka palau ʻana. No laila malia paha he 36 ʻīniha ma laila.

Ma ʻEulopa, manaʻo wau he like paha nā kūlana. No ka laʻana, ma UK, hiki ke kokoke ka hohonu i 450-600mm (18-24 ʻīniha) i nā kūlana maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma lalo o nā alanui. Akā pono wau e hōʻoia. Eia kekahi, he ʻokoʻa nā lula o nā ʻāina like ʻole. He ʻokoʻa paha nā kūlana o Australia ma muli o nā kumu kaiapuni like ʻole.

ʻO kekahi kihi: hiki ke kanu ʻia nā kaula fiber optic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. He mea maʻamau ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lua, kahi a lākou e ʻeli ai i kahi ʻauwaha a waiho i ke kaula. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kuhikuhi ākea ke hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻeli i kahi ʻauwaha, e like me ma lalo o ka muliwai a i ʻole ke alanui. E hoʻomalu ʻia ka hohonu ma aneʻi e nā lako ʻeli. ʻO ka Microtrenching kahi hana hou kahi e ʻoki ai lākou i kahi ʻauwaha haiki, malia paha he kapuaʻi wale nō ka hohonu, a laila uhi iā ia. Akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale me ke alanui hele wāwae, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻoki a uhi koke. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka pāpaʻu o kēia, no laila ʻaʻole paha i maʻamau no nā kaula mamao.

No laila, i ka hui pū ʻana: ʻokoʻa nā hohonu maʻamau ma muli o ka wahi, ka hoʻohana ʻāina, nā lula kūloko, a me nā kumu kaiapuni. Kūlanakauhale vs kuaʻāina, alanui vs noho, nā code kikoʻī o ka ʻāina. Pono paha ka pane e ʻōlelo he hohonu mai 12 ʻīniha (no ka microtrenching) a hiki i 48 ʻīniha (ma lalo o nā alanui a i ʻole ma nā wahi me nā mīkini kaumaha), me ka maʻamau he 24-36 ʻīniha. Eia kekahi, e haʻi i nā mea e like me ka laina hau, ke alo o nā pono hana ʻē aʻe, a me ke kahawai vs kanu pololei.

E kali, akā pono wau e hōʻoia i kekahi mau helu. E noʻonoʻo wau. Inā e kanu ana kekahi i kahi kaula ma kahi noho, malia paha he 18-24 ʻīniha. Ma lalo o ke alanui, 36 ʻīniha. Ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai, 36-48 ʻīniha. Akā, ʻōlelo paha kekahi mau kumu i kahi ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, he mau alakaʻi ko ka American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Malia paha ʻo ANSI/TIA-758-B no nā ʻoihana kelepona o waho. Ke kuhikuhi nei kēlā i nā hohonu? ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu, akā malia paha he 36 ʻīniha ma lalo o nā alanui. Ma kahi ʻē aʻe, he mau alakaʻi ko ka Common Ground Alliance e pale aku i ka pōʻino i ka wā e ʻeli ana, no laila ke paipai nei paha lākou i kekahi mau hohonu.

ʻO kekahi kumu: i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka ʻāina pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hohonu no ka mea he paʻakikī ke ʻeli hohonu, no laila e hoʻohana paha lākou i nā hana pale e like me ke kaula conduit a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kaula pale pōhaku. No laila, ʻaʻole ka hohonu wale nō ke kumu; he mea nui nō hoʻi nā ʻano palekana.

Eia kekahi, ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me nā wahi i maʻalahi i ke kahe ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻino ʻana, hiki ke kanu hohonu ʻia nā kaula a i ʻole i uhi ʻia me ke kapa kila. He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā kaula luʻu moana, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, akā ʻo ka nīnau e pili ana i nā kaula honua i kanu ʻia.

No laila, i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka hohonu o ke kanu ʻana o nā kaula fiber optic maʻamau mai 18 a 48 ʻīniha (0.45 a 1.2 mika), ma muli o ke kaiapuni a me nā lula kūloko. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ke kūlanakauhale vs. kuaʻāina, ke alo o nā pono hana ʻē aʻe, ka laina hau, a me ka ukana i manaʻo ʻia (e like me nā alanui). ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻauwai e ʻae i ke kanu ʻana i kahi papau iki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kanu pololei. E nānā mau i nā code kūloko no nā koi pololei.

ʻOkoʻa ka hohonu o ke kanu ʻana o nā kaula fiber optic ma muli o ka wahi, nā kumu kaiapuni, a me nā kūlana hoʻoponopono. Eia kahi ʻike kikoʻī i hoʻonohonoho ʻia:

Nā Hohonu Maʻamau

• Nā Wahi Noho/Kūlanakauhale:

  • 18–24 ʻīniha (0.45–0.6 mika): He mea maʻamau no nā kaula kanu pololei a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaula i pale ʻia e ka conduit.

  • MicrotrenchingE like me ka papau12 ʻīniha (0.3 mika)ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale i hoʻomoe ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka asphalt a i ʻole ka sima.

• Nā Wahi Kuaʻāina/Mahiʻai:

  • 24–36 ʻīniha (0.6–0.9 mika): I mea e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino mai nā lako mahiʻai. Nā wahi hohonu (a hiki i48 ʻīniha/1.2 mika) hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi palau.

• Nā Alanui/Nā Alanui Nui:

  • 36–48 ʻīniha (0.9–1.2 mika)Kanu hohonu e kū ai i ke kaʻa nui a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

• Nā Aniau Anu:

  • Ma lalo o ka laina hau(ʻokoʻa ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana): Kāohi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka lepo; hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 48 ʻīniha ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau.

Nā Kumu Koʻikoʻi e Hoʻohuli ana i ka Hohonu

1. Nā RulaʻO nā code hale kūloko (e laʻa, NEC Article 800 ma US) a me nā kūlana (e laʻa, ANSI/TIA-758-B no nā kamaʻilio kelepona) e kuhikuhi ana i nā hohonu haʻahaʻa loa.

2. ʻĀinaHiki i ka ʻāina pōhaku a paʻakikī paha ke hōʻemi i ka hohonu akā e hoʻohana i nā paipu pale a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaula pale kaua.

3. ʻAuwai vs. Kanu PololeiʻAe nā ʻauwai i ke kau ʻana i kahi pāpaʻu iki akā hoʻohui i ka pale.

4. Nā Pōʻino KaiapuniPono paha nā wahi i pilikia i ka waikahe a i ʻole ka ʻānai ʻia i loko o nā kaula hao e kanu hohonu a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​uea pale kaua.

Nā ʻAno like ʻole o ke Ao Holoʻokoʻa

• ʻEulopa/UKPinepine18–24 ʻīniha (0.45–0.6 mika)ma nā kūlana maʻamau, hohonu ma lalo o nā alanui.

• NuhōlaniUa like me nā kūlana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa akā ua hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā kūlana kaiapuni kūloko.

Nā ʻAno Hoʻokomo

• Ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻeli lāʻauʻEli kuʻuna no ke kanu pololei ʻana.

• ʻEli ʻAna i ke Kuhikuhi Pae (HDD)Hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā mea keakea (nā muliwai, nā alanui) me ka kaohi hohonu pololei.

• Ke palau ʻanaʻOi aku ka wikiwiki ma nā wahi kua'āina, maʻamau ma 24–36 ʻīniha.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Ua kanu pinepine ʻia nā kaula fiber optic18–48 ʻīniha (0.45–1.2 mika)hohonu, me nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka wahi, nā pono hana, a me nā pono palekana. E nīnau mau i nā lula kūloko a me nā loiloi kaiapuni no nā koi kikoʻī.