Izintambo ze-fiber optic yilezo zintambo ezincane ezidlulisa idatha zisebenzisa ukukhanya, Zisetshenziselwa i-inthanethi, njll. Kodwa zijule kangakanani? Hmm, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyahlukahluka, Mhlawumbe izindawo ezahlukene zinemithetho ehlukile.

Okokuqala, ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kungase kube nengqalasizinda eyengeziwe, ngakho mhlawumbe bayazingcwaba zijule kakhulu ukuze bagweme ezinye izinsiza. Kanti ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, mhlawumbe azijulile kangako. Kodwa linda, kungani bengazingcwaba zijule kakhulu kwezinye izindawo? Mhlawumbe ukuze bazivikele ekulimaleni. Njengokuthi, uma zingaphansi komgwaqo, awufuni umsebenzi wokwakha uzimbe. Ngakho mhlawumbe ukujula kuncike endaweni kanye namathuba okuphazamiseka.

Ngicabanga ukuthi kunezindinganiso noma iziqondiso zalokhu. Mhlawumbe e-US, i-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inemithetho ethile? Noma mhlawumbe kunqunywa yimithetho yokwakha yendawo. Ake ngicabange. Futhi, amazwe ahlukene angase abe nezindinganiso ezahlukene. Isibonelo, e-US uma kuqhathaniswa neYurophu, ukujula kungahluka. Kodwa umsebenzisi akazange acacise izwe, ngakho mhlawumbe kufanele ngikhulume ngezindinganiso ezijwayelekile futhi ngiqaphele ukuthi zingahluka.

Ngikhumbula ukuthi ukujula okujwayelekile kokungcwaba kwezinsizakusebenza kungaba ngamasentimitha angu-18 kuya kwangu-24. Kodwa i-fiber optic ingaba nezidingo ezahlukene. Linda, ngicabanga ukuthi kwezinye izimo, njengangaphansi kwemigwaqo, ziya ngokujula, mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-36 noma ngaphezulu. Lokho kungamamitha angu-3. Kodwa ezindaweni ezithambile, njengangaphansi kwensimu, mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-24. Kukhona nokungcwaba okuqondile uma kuqhathaniswa nomsele. Uma ikhebula lisemzimbeni, mhlawumbe limbozwe ekujuleni okuthile, kodwa uma limbozwe ngqo, mhlawumbe ukujula okuhlukile.

Futhi, ezindaweni ezibandayo, umugqa weqhwa ungase ube yimbangela. Kufanele umboze ngaphansi komugqa weqhwa ukuze uvimbele ukugcwala, okungalimaza ikhebula. Ukujula komugqa weqhwa kuyahlukahluka; emazweni asenyakatho ye-US, kungaba ngamafidi amaningana, kanti ezindaweni ezifudumele, kuncane. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe eMinnesota, zimboze kakhulu kunaseFlorida. Kodwa izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile azithinteki kakhulu yizinga lokushisa njengamapayipi amanzi, ake sithi, kodwa imishini yokufaka kanye nokuhamba komhlabathi kusengaba yinto ekhathazayo.

Enye into okufanele uyicabangele yi-National Electrical Code (NEC) e-US. Ingabe lokho kuchaza ukujula kokungcwaba kwezintambo zokuxhumana? Ngicabanga ukuthi i-NEC Article 800 ihlanganisa izifunda zokuxhumana. Ake ngizame ukukhumbula. Ngokufaka izindawo zokuhlala, mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-24 okungcwaba ngqo, amasentimitha angu-18 uma kuse-conduit. Kodwa angiqiniseki. Linda, i-NEC ingadinga amasentimitha angu-24 ukungcwaba ngqo kwemigqa kagesi, kodwa mhlawumbe i-fiber optics, njengoba i-voltage iphansi, inemithetho ehlukile. Mhlawumbe ingaba mfushane kakhulu? Kodwa ngidinga ukuhlola.

Linda, kodwa eminye imithombo ithi izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukumbozwa ekujuleni okufana nezinye izinsiza. Isibonelo, e-US, ukujula okuvamile kungamasentimitha angu-24 kuya kwangu-36. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, njengangaphansi kwemigwaqo noma izindawo ezinemishini esindayo, kungaba kujule, kufike kumasentimitha angu-48. Futhi, lapho kuwela umhlaba wezolimo, ukujula kungandiswa ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ekulimeni. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-36 lapho.

EYurophu, ngicabanga ukuthi amazinga angase afane. Isibonelo, e-UK, ukujula kungaba cishe ngu-450-600mm (18-24 inches) ezimweni ezijwayelekile, futhi kube ngaphansi kwemigwaqo ejulile. Kodwa kufanele ngiqinisekise. Futhi, amazwe ahlukene anemithethonqubo ehlukene. I-Australia ingaba nezindinganiso ezihlukene ngenxa yezici ezahlukene zemvelo.

Enye i-engeli: izintambo ze-fiber optic zingagqitshwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene. Ukumba imisele kuvamile, lapho bemba khona umsele bese bebeka ikhebula. Ukumba okuqondile kusetshenziswa lapho bengenakumba umsele, njengangaphansi komfula noma umgwaqo. Ukujula lapha kuzolawulwa imishini yokumba. Ukumba imisele emincane kuyindlela entsha lapho besika khona umsele omncane, mhlawumbe ujule ngefidi elilodwa kuphela, bese bewumboza. Kodwa lokhu kungasetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinemigwaqo, lapho bangasika khona futhi bamboze ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akujulile, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe akuvamile kakhulu ngezintambo ezikude.

Ngakho-ke uma sihlanganisa konke: ukujula okuvamile kuyahlukahluka ngendawo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, imithethonqubo yendawo, kanye nezici zemvelo. Amakhodi asemadolobheni vs asemakhaya, umgwaqo vs awezindawo zokuhlala, aqondene nezwe. Impendulo cishe kufanele isho ukuthi ukujula kusuka kumasentimitha angu-12 (kokutshala imisele emincane) kuya kumasentimitha angu-48 (ngaphansi kwemigwaqo noma ezindaweni ezinemishini esindayo), okujwayelekile kungaba amasentimitha angu-24-36. Futhi, khuluma ngezinto ezifana nomugqa weqhwa, ukuba khona kwezinye izinsiza, kanye nomsele vs ukungcwaba okuqondile.

Linda, kodwa kufanele ngiqinisekise izinombolo ezithile. Ake ngicabange. Uma othile efihla ikhebula endaweni yokuhlala, mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-18-24. Ngaphansi komgwaqo, amasentimitha angu-36. Ezweni lezolimo, amasentimitha angu-36-48. Kodwa eminye imithombo ingase ithi okuhlukile. Isibonelo, i-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ineziqondiso. Mhlawumbe i-ANSI/TIA-758-B yengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana kwezitshalo zangaphandle. Ingabe lokho kuchaza ukujula? Angiqiniseki, kodwa mhlawumbe amasentimitha angu-36 ngaphansi kwemigwaqo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Common Ground Alliance ineziqondiso zokuvimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokumba, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe batusa ukujula okuthile.

Elinye iphuzu: kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamadwala, ukujula kungaba kuncane ngoba kunzima ukumba ujule, ngakho-ke bangasebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela njengezintambo zomsele noma izintambo zesivikelo samatshe. Ngakho ukujula akuyona yodwa into ebalulekile; izindlela zokuvikela nazo zibalulekile.

Futhi, kwezinye izindawo, njengezindawo ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula noma ukuguguleka komhlabathi, izintambo zingase zigqitshwe zijule noma zifakwe izivikelo. Izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle zihlukile, ngokusobala, kodwa umbuzo umayelana nezintambo zasemhlabeni ezigqitshwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngokufingqa, ukujula kokungcwaba kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kuvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-0.45 kuya kwangu-1.2 (amamitha angu-0.45 kuya kwangu-1.2), kuye ngendawo ezungezile kanye nemithetho yendawo. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izindawo zasemadolobheni kanye nezasemakhaya, ukuba khona kwezinye izinsiza, umugqa weqhwa, kanye nomthwalo olindelekile (njengemigwaqo). Ukusetshenziswa komgudu kungavumela ukungcwaba okungajulile kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokungcwaba okuqondile. Hlola njalo amakhodi endawo ukuthola izidingo eziqondile.

Ukujula kokungcwaba kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo, izici zemvelo, kanye nezindinganiso zomthetho. Nasi isifinyezo esihlelekile:

Ukujula Okuvamile

• Izindawo Zokuhlala/Zasemadolobheni:

  • Amasentimitha angu-18–24 (amamitha angu-0.45–0.6): Kuvamile ukungcwaba ngqo noma izintambo ezivikelwe yipayipi.

  • Ukuthungatha imisele emincane: Njengoba ingajulile njengeAmasentimitha angu-12 (amamitha angu-0.3)ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezigandayiwe, ezimbozwe nge-asphalt noma ukhonkolo.

• Izindawo Zasemakhaya/Ezolimo:

  • Amasentimitha angu-24–36 (amamitha angu-0.6–0.9): Ukugwema umonakalo ovela emishinini yokulima. Ukubeka okujulile (kufika kuAmasentimitha angu-48/amamitha angu-1.2) kungenzeka ezindaweni zokulima.

• Imigwaqo/Imigwaqo Emikhulu:

  • Amasentimitha angu-36–48 (amamitha angu-0.9–1.2): Ukungcwaba okujulile ukuze kumelane nokuminyana kwezimoto kanye nokwakhiwa.

• Izimo Zezulu Ezibandayo:

  • Ngaphansi komugqa weqhwa(kuyahlukahluka ngesifunda): Kuvimbela ukuphakama komhlabathi; kungadlula amasentimitha angu-48 ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithonya Ukujula

1. Imithethonqubo: Amakhodi okwakha endawo (isb., Isigaba se-NEC 800 e-US) kanye nezindinganiso (isb., i-ANSI/TIA-758-B yezokuxhumana) anquma ukujula okuncane.

2. Indawo: Indawo enamadwala noma enzima inganciphisa ukujula kodwa kusetshenziswa imigudu yokuvikela noma izintambo ezivikelwe.

3. Ukungcwaba Ngomsele vs. Ukungcwaba Ngokuqondile: Imifudlana ivumela indawo encane kodwa yengeza isivikelo.

4. Izingozi ZemveloIzindawo ezivame ukukhukhuleka noma ezigugulekayo zingadinga ukungcwaba okujulile noma izintambo ezivikelwe ngezikhali.

Izinguquko Zomhlaba Wonke

• IYurophu/i-UK: NgokuvamileAmasentimitha angu-18–24 (amamitha angu-0.45–0.6)ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ezijulile ngaphansi kwemigwaqo.

• I-Australia: Kufana nezindinganiso zase-US kodwa kulungiswe ngokwezimo zemvelo zendawo.

Izindlela Zokufaka

• Ukucheba imisele: Ukumba kwendabuko kokungcwaba ngqo.

• Ukubhoboza Okuqondisiwe Okuvundlile (i-HDD): Isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezithiyo (imifula, imigwaqo) ngokulawula ukujula okunembile.

• Ukulima: Ishesha ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngokuvamile ngamasentimitha angu-24–36.

Isifinyezo

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile zifihliweAmasentimitha angu-18–48 (amamitha angu-0.45–1.2)okujulile, okunezinhlobonhlobo ezisekelwe endaweni, ingqalasizinda, kanye nezidingo zokuvikela. Njalo hlola imithetho yendawo kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo ukuze uthole izidingo eziqondile.