Iintambo ze-fiber optic zezo zintambo zincinci ezithumela idatha kusetyenziswa ukukhanya, Zisetyenziselwa i-intanethi, njl. Kodwa zinzulu kangakanani? Hmm, ndicinga ukuba ziyahluka, Mhlawumbi iindawo ezahlukeneyo zinemithetho eyahlukileyo.

Okokuqala, ndiyakhumbula ukuba kwiindawo zasezidolophini, kunokubakho iziseko zophuhliso ezingaphezulu, ngoko ke mhlawumbi bazingcwaba nzulu ukuze baphephe ezinye izinto eziluncedo. Ngelixa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, mhlawumbi azinzulu kangako. Kodwa linda, kutheni bezingcwaba nzulu kwezinye iindawo? Mhlawumbi ukuze bazikhusele ekonakaleni. Njengokuba, ukuba ziphantsi kwendlela, awufuni umsebenzi wokwakha uzimbe. Ngoko ke mhlawumbi ubunzulu buxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nokwenzeka kokuphazamiseka.

Ndicinga ukuba kukho imigangatho okanye izikhokelo zoku. Mhlawumbi e-US, i-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inemithetho ethile? Okanye mhlawumbi imiselwa ziikhowudi zokwakha zasekuhlaleni. Makhe ndicinge. Kwakhona, amazwe ahlukeneyo anokuba nemigangatho eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, e-US xa kuthelekiswa neYurophu, ubunzulu bunokwahluka. Kodwa umsebenzisi akachazanga ilizwe, ngoko ke mhlawumbi kufuneka ndikhankanye imigangatho ngokubanzi kwaye ndiqaphele ukuba inokwahluka.

Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo bokungcwaba kwiindawo ezisetyenziswayo bunokuba malunga ne-18 ukuya kwi-24 intshi. Kodwa i-fiber optic inokuba neemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Linda, ndicinga ukuba kwezinye iimeko, njengaphantsi kweendlela, ziya nzulu, mhlawumbi i-36 intshi nangaphezulu. Oko yi-3 feet. Kodwa kwiindawo ezithambileyo, njengaphantsi kwentsimi, mhlawumbi yi-24 intshi. Kukwakho nokungcwaba ngqo xa kuthelekiswa nomjelo. Ukuba intambo ikwi-conduit, mhlawumbi ingcwatywe kubunzulu obuthile, kodwa ukuba ingcwatywe ngqo, mhlawumbi ubunzulu obahlukileyo.

Kwakhona, kwiindawo ezibandayo, umgca weqabaka usenokuba yimbangela. Kuya kufuneka ugqume ngaphantsi komgca weqabaka ukuze uthintele ukuxinana, okunokonakalisa intambo. Ubunzulu bomgca weqabaka buyahluka; kumazwe asemantla e-US, bunokuba ziimitha ezininzi, ngelixa kwiindawo ezishushu, buncinci. Ngoko mhlawumbi eMinnesota, zigqume nzulu kunaseFlorida. Kodwa iintambo ze-fiber optic azisoloko zichaphazeleka bubushushu njengemibhobho yamanzi, kodwa izixhobo zokufakela kunye nokuhamba komhlaba kusenokubangela inkxalabo.

Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yiKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (i-NEC) e-US. Ngaba oko kuchaza ubunzulu bokungcwaba kwiintambo zonxibelelwano? Ndicinga ukuba iNqaku le-NEC 800 ligubungela iisekethe zonxibelelwano. Mandizame ukukhumbula. Kwiindawo zokuhlala, mhlawumbi ii-intshi ezingama-24 zokungcwaba ngokuthe ngqo, ii-intshi ezili-18 ukuba zikwi-conduit. Kodwa andiqinisekanga. Linda, i-NEC ingafuna ii-intshi ezingama-24 zokungcwaba ngokuthe ngqo imigca yombane, kodwa mhlawumbi ii-fiber optics, ekubeni ziphantsi kombane, zinemithetho eyahlukileyo. Mhlawumbi zinokuba nzulu ngakumbi? Kodwa kufuneka ndijonge.

Linda, kodwa eminye imithombo ithi iintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala zingcwatyelwe kubunzulu obufana nezinye izixhobo. Umzekelo, e-US, ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo buyi-24 ukuya kwi-36 intshi. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, njengaphantsi kweendlela okanye iindawo ezineemishini ezinzima, bunokuba nzulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48 intshi. Kwakhona, xa kunqunyulwa umhlaba wezolimo, ubunzulu bunokwandiswa ukuthintela umonakalo ekulimeni. Ngoko ke mhlawumbi yi-36 intshi apho.

EYurophu, ndicinga ukuba imigangatho isenokufana. Umzekelo, e-UK, ubunzulu bunokuba malunga ne-450-600mm (18-24 intshi) kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye bube nzulu ngaphantsi kweendlela. Kodwa kufuneka ndiqinisekise. Kwakhona, amazwe ahlukeneyo anemithetho eyahlukeneyo. I-Australia isenokuba nemigangatho eyahlukileyo ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.

Enye i-engile: iintambo ze-fiber optic zingagqunywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukugqobhoza kuqhelekile, apho bemba umsele baze babeke intambo. Ukugqobhoza ngendlela ethe tye kusetyenziswa xa bengenakugqobhoza umsele, njengaphantsi komlambo okanye indlela. Ubunzulu apha buya kulawulwa zizixhobo zokugqobhoza. Ukugqobhoza nge-Microtrenching yindlela entsha apho basika umsele omxinwa, mhlawumbi ubunzulu obuyi-foot kuphela, baze bawugqume. Kodwa oku kungasetyenziswa kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezineendlela zokuhamba ngeenyawo, apho banokusika baze bagqume ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunzulu kangako, ngoko mhlawumbi akuqhelekanga kangako kwiintambo ezikude.

Ngoko ke xa uyidibanisa yonke le nto: ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo buyahluka ngokwendawo, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, imithetho yendawo, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Iikhowudi zasezidolophini vs zasemaphandleni, indlela vs zokuhlala, ilizwe elithile. Impendulo mhlawumbi ifanele ichaze ukuba ubunzulu buqala kwi-intshi ezili-12 (kwi-microtrenching) ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-48 (phantsi kweendlela okanye kwiindawo ezineemishini ezinzima), eziqhelekileyo ziyi-intshi ezingama-24-36. Kwakhona, khankanya izinto ezifana nomgca weqhwa, ubukho bezinye izixhobo, kunye nombhobho vs ukungcwatywa ngqo.

Linda, kodwa kufuneka ndiqinisekise amanani athile. Makhe ndicinge. Ukuba umntu ungcwaba intambo kwindawo yokuhlala, mhlawumbi i-18-24 intshi. Phantsi kwendlela, i-36 intshi. Kumhlaba wezolimo, i-36-48 intshi. Kodwa eminye imithombo inokuthi yahlukile. Umzekelo, i-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) inezikhokelo. Mhlawumbi i-ANSI/TIA-758-B yeziseko zonxibelelwano zezityalo zangaphandle. Ngaba oko kuchaza ubunzulu? Andiqinisekanga, kodwa mhlawumbi i-36 intshi phantsi kweendlela. Ngaphandle koko, i-Common Ground Alliance inezikhokelo zokuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lokumba, ngoko mhlawumbi bacebisa ubunzulu obuthile.

Elinye inqaku: kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinamatye, ubunzulu bunokuba mncinci kuba kunzima ukumba nzulu, ngoko ke banokusebenzisa iindlela zokukhusela ezifana neentambo zombhobho okanye izikhuselo zamatye. Ngoko ke ubunzulu abuyonto yodwa; iindlela zokukhusela nazo zibalulekile.

Kwakhona, kwezinye iindawo, njengeendawo ezinokuba nezikhukula okanye ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, iintambo zisenokugqunywa nzulu okanye zixhonywe ngezixhobo zokulwa. Iintambo zenqanawa zasemanzini zikwahlukile, kodwa umbuzo umalunga neentambo zomhlaba ezigqunywe nzulu.

Ngoko ke, xa sishwankathela, ubunzulu bokungcwaba kweentambo ze-fiber optic buhlala buphakathi kwe-18 ukuya kwi-48 intshi (0.45 ukuya kwi-1.2 yeemitha), kuxhomekeke kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nemigaqo yendawo. Izinto eziphambili ziquka izixeko kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni, ubukho bezinye iinkonzo, umgca weqhwa, kunye nomthwalo olindelekileyo (njengeendlela). Ukusetyenziswa komjelo womoya kunokuvumela ukungcwaba okunzulu kancinci xa kuthelekiswa nokungcwaba ngokuthe ngqo. Soloko ujonga iikhowudi zasekuhlaleni ukuze ufumane iimfuno ezichanekileyo.

Ubunzulu bokungcwatywa kweentambo ze-fiber optic buyahluka ngokusekwe kwindawo, izinto ezingqongileyo, kunye nemigangatho yolawulo. Nantsi ingqikelelo ecwangcisiweyo:

Ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo

• Iindawo zokuhlala/zedolophu:

  • Ii-intshi eziyi-18–24 (0.45–0.6 yeemitha): Ixhaphakile kwiintambo ezikhuselweyo zokungcwaba ngqo okanye ezikhuselweyo yipayipi.

  • Ukucoca ngomsele omncinci: Ayinzulu kangakoIi-intshi ezili-12 (iimitha ezili-0.3)kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezigangathiweyo, ezigqunywe nge-asphalt okanye i-concrete.

• Iindawo zasemaphandleni/zezoLimo:

  • Ii-intshi ezingama-24–36 (iimitha ezingama-0.6–0.9): Ukuthintela umonakalo ovela kwizixhobo zokulima. Ukubekwa nzulu (ukuya kuthi gaIi-intshi ezingama-48/1.2 yeemitha) zinokwenzeka kwiindawo zokulima.

• Iindlela/Iindlela Ezinkulu:

  • Ii-intshi ezingama-36–48 (iimitha ezingama-0.9–1.2): Ukungcwatywa okunzulu ukuze kumelwane nezithuthi ezininzi kunye nolwakhiwo.

• Imozulu ebandayo:

  • Ngaphantsi komgca weqabaka(iyahluka ngokwengingqi): Ithintela ukunyuka komhlaba; ingadlula ii-intshi ezingama-48 kwimimandla esemantla.

Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Ubunzulu

1. Imigaqo: Iikhowudi zokwakha zasekuhlaleni (umz., iNqaku le-NEC 800 e-US) kunye nemigangatho (umz., i-ANSI/TIA-758-B yonxibelelwano) ziyalela ubunzulu obuncinci.

2. Indawo: Indawo enamatye okanye enzima inokunciphisa ubunzulu kodwa kusetyenziswa iipayipi zokukhusela okanye iintambo ezikhuselweyo.

3. Ukungcwaba Ngokuthe Ngqo: Imijelo ivumela indawo engaphantsi kancinci kodwa yongeza ukhuseleko.

4. Iingozi ZokusingqongileyoIindawo ezisengozini yokukhukuliswa okanye ezikhukulisekileyo zisenokufuna ukungcwatywa okunzulu okanye iintambo ezixhonyiweyo.

Iinguqu zehlabathi

• IYurophu/i-UK: RhoqoIi-intshi eziyi-18–24 (0.45–0.6 yeemitha)kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, nzulu ngaphantsi kweendlela.

• Ostreliya: Ifana nemigangatho yase-US kodwa ihlengahlengiswe ngokweemeko zendalo zasekuhlaleni.

Iindlela zokufaka

• Ukucheba imisele: Ukumba ngokwesiko ukuze kungcwatywe ngqo.

• Ukubhola Ngokuthe Tye (HDD): Isetyenziswa phantsi kwemiqobo (imilambo, iindlela) ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lobunzulu.

• Ukulima: Ikhawuleza kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ngesiqhelo ifikelela kwi-24–36 intshi.

Isishwankathelo

Iintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala zifihliweIi-intshi eziyi-18–48 (0.45–1.2 yeemitha)nzulu, kunye notshintsho olusekelwe kwindawo, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko. Soloko ujongana nemigaqo yendawo kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo ukuze ufumane iimfuno ezichanekileyo.