Guhitamo iburyo insinga y'amashanyarazi yo hanze ifite ibyuma bikingira ni ingenzi mu kubaka umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wizewe, uramba kandi ukora neza cyane. Waba urimo gukoresha fibre mu itumanaho, FTTH, centers de data, inganda, cyangwa sisitemu z’umutekano, guhitamo insinga mbi bishobora gutuma ihenda mu kubungabunga, igihe umuyoboro udakora neza, ndetse no gucika intege kw’insinga imburagihe.

Ibidukikije byo hanze bishyira insinga za fibre optique ku bushuhe, imirasire ya UV, imbeba, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, imbaraga zivunanye, ndetse n'imbaraga za mekanike. Insinga za fibre optique zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo zihangane n'izi ngaruka mbi mu gihe zirinda insinga za optique imbere.

Iyi mfashanyigisho yuzuye isobanura byose ugomba kumenya mbere yo kugura insinga ya fiber optique yo hanze ifite ibyuma, harimo imiterere y'insinga, ibikoresho by'ibyuma, uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho, ubwoko bw'insinga, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo.

Insinga ya Fiber Optic yo hanze ifite intwaro ni iki?

Insinga y'icyuma irinda ikoreshwa mu gukingira ...

Ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe za fiber optique zo hanze, insinga zifite ibyuma bikingira zitanga ubudahangarwa buri hejuru cyane kuri:

• Ibitero by'imbeba
• Igitutu gikomeretsa
• Kwangirika kw'ingaruka
• Umuvuduko wo gukurura
• Ubushuhe
• Kwangirika
• Ingaruka zo gushyiramo ibintu munsi y'ubutaka

Izi nsinga zikunze gukoreshwa aho hakenewe uburinzi bw'inyongera bwa mekanike.

Imiterere y'Insinga ya Fiber Optic yo hanze ifite ibyuma

Insinga isanzwe ya fiber optique yo hanze ifite ibyuma igizwe n'ibice byinshi birinda.

1. Fibres z'urumuri

Uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwa fibre burimo:

• G.652.D
• G.657.A1
• G.657.A2
• OM3
• OM4
• OM5

2. Umuyoboro urekuye

Udupira tuba turi mu miyoboro ya PBT yuzuyemo gel ifunga amazi cyangwa ubudodo bwumutse bufunga amazi.

Imikorere:

• Kurinda fibre
• Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushuhe
• Kwigunga mu gihe uhangayikishijwe n'imihangayiko

3. Umunyamuryango w'Imbaraga zo Hagati

Ubusanzwe bikorwa muri:

• FRP (Plastiki Irimo Fibre Reinforced Plastiki)
• Insinga y'icyuma

Itanga imbaraga zo gukurura mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.

4. Igice cyo kuziba amazi

Birinda amazi kwinjira hakoreshejwe:

• Ubudodo buzitira amazi
• Kaseti ikoreshwa mu kuzura amazi
• Jeli yo kuzuza

5. Urwego rw'Intwari

Urusobe rw'ingenzi cyane rw'uburinzi.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:

Intwaro y'icyuma ya tepi (STA)

Ibyiza:

• Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gukandagira
• Ihendutse ku giciro
• Ni byiza cyane mu gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye

Porogaramu:

• Imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka
• Imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo
• Kohereza ubutumwa mu ntera ndende

Kaseti y'icyuma gikozwe muri korrugasiyo

Itanga:

• Ubworoherane bwiza
• Uburinzi bukomeye ku ngaruka
• Inzitizi y'ubushuhe

Insinga z'icyuma (SWA)

Ibyiza:

• Imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura
• Uburinzi bwiza cyane bwa mekanike

Porogaramu:

• Ubutaka bw'amabuye
• Ibidukikije by'inganda zikomeye

Intwaro ya Aluminium Tape (ATA)

Ibyiza:

• Yoroheje
• Irwanya ingese
• Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi

Porogaramu:

• Imiyoboro y'itumanaho

Intwaro Zitari iz'icyuma

Byakozwe muri:

• Ubudodo bwa Aramid
• Ubudodo bw'ikirahure

Ibyiza:

• Yoroheje
• Ntirikoresha amashanyarazi
• Bikwiriye ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n'inkuba

6. Ikoti ryo hanze

Ubusanzwe bikorwa muri:

• PE (Polyethylene)
• LSZH
• HDPE

Imikorere:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'imiraba ya UV
• Gukingira amazi
• Kurinda ikirere
• Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti

Ubwoko bw'Insinga za Fiber Optic zo hanze zikoreshwa mu byuma bya gisirikare

Insinga y'ingabo ishyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye

Byagenewe gushyirwa mu butaka budafite umuyoboro.

Ibiranga:

• Intwaro y'icyuma ya kaseti
• Ikoti rikomeye rya PE
• Kurinda ubushuhe
• Igihe kirekire cyo gukora

Ibyiza kuri:

• Abakora itumanaho
• Imishinga y'Umujyi
• Imiyoboro ya kaminuza

Insinga y'ingabo

Ishyizwe imbere mu miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka.

Ibyiza:

• Gusimbuza byoroshye
• Umuvuduko muke wa mekanike
• Ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'ubushuhe

Insinga y'ingabo yo mu kirere

Ishyizwe ku nkingi z'ibikoresho.

Ibiranga:

• Intwaro yoroheje
• Imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura
• Ikoti ririnda UV

Akenshi bihuzwa n'insinga z'umusemburo cyangwa inyubako zifasha kwiyubaka.

Insinga ya Fiber Irwanya Imbeba

Intwaro zidasanzwe zirinda:

• Imbeba
• Inkende
• Imbeba
• Izindi nyamaswa zihisha mu mwobo

Ikwiriye:

• Amasambu
• Ibigega by'ububiko
• Inganda

Insinga ebyiri z'uburinzi

Irimo ibice bibiri by'ingabo zirinda.

Porogaramu:

• Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
• Peteroli na gaze
• Itumanaho rya gisirikare
• Ahantu hakomeye mu nganda

Guhitamo Umubare wa Fibre

Umubare ukwiye wa fibre uterwa n'ibikenewe ubu n'uko byaguka mu gihe kizaza.

Porogaramu	Umubare wa Fibre Usabwa
CCTV	Fibre 2–12
Gukwirakwiza FTTH	Fibre 12–48
Imiyoboro y'ibigo	Fibre 24–96
Umugongo wa Telecom	Fibre 96–288
Ibigo by'amakuru	144–864 Fibres

Guteganya insinga zisimbura izindi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura mu gihe kizaza.

Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa fibre

G.652.D

Ibyiza kuri:

• Itumanaho rya kure
• Imiyoboro y'umugongo
• Gushyira abantu hanze muri rusange

Ibyiza:

• Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya
• Guhuza neza cyane
• Ihendutse ku giciro

G.657.A1

Bisabwa kuri:

• Imiyoboro yo kwinjira
• FTTH
• Ahantu horoshye ho kugorama

Ibyiza:

• Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kunama
• Ihuye na G.652.D

G.657.A2

Ikwiriye:

• Imirimo myinshi
• Impinduka mu nzu/inyuma
• Umwanya muto wo kunyuramo insinga

Itanga umusaruro mwiza wo kunama.

OM3 / OM4

Bikwiriye:

• Ibigo by'amakuru
• LAN za Campus
• Ihererekanyamakuru ryihuse cyane rikoresha intera ngufi

Ubuyobozi bw'ibidukikije byo gushyiraho

Gushyiramo ibintu munsi y'ubutaka

Insinga isabwa:

• Insinga y'icyuma ifite kaseti

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

• Amazi adatemba
• Irwanya gushwanyaguzwa
• Indwara ku mbeba

Inganda z'inganda

Insinga isabwa:

• Insinga ebyiri z'uburinzi

Ibisabwa:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti
• Ubudahangarwa bw'amavuta
• Kuramba kwa mekanike

Itumanaho rya gari ya moshi

Insinga isabwa:

• Insinga y'icyuma ikozwe muri korrugated

Ibikenewe:

• Ubudahangarwa bwo kuzunguruka
• Igihe kirekire cyo kubaho

Imiyoboro y'imirimo ifitiye akamaro

Insinga isabwa:

• Insinga y'icyuma ifite icyuma gikingira

Ibyiza:

• Imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura
• Kuramba neza cyane hanze

Uturere two ku nkombe

Hitamo insinga zifite:

• Intwaro zirinda ingese
• Ikoti rya PE ririnda UV
• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amazi

Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mbere yo kugura

Suzuma ibi bikurikira mbere yo guhitamo insinga:

• Uburyo bwo gushyiraho
• Umubare wa fibre
• Intera yo kohereza ubutumwa
• Umuyoboro w'itumanaho usabwa
• Urwego rwo kurinda ikoranabuhanga
• Kurinda imbeba
• Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi
• Ubudahangarwa bw'imiraba ya UV
• Ubushyuhe bwo gukora
• Amabwiriza agenga ishyirwaho ry'aho hantu
• Kwaguka k'umuyoboro w'itumanaho mu gihe kizaza
• Ingengo y'imari

Moderi zisanzwe z'insinga zo hanze zikoreshwa mu byuma

Moderi zikunzwe cyane zirimo:

Icyitegererezo cy'Insinga	Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha
HAMWE	Gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amazi
GYTS	Gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye
GYTA53	Gushyingura mu buryo bukomeye
GYTS53	Intera ndende yo munsi y'ubutaka
HAMWE	Urusobe rw'itumanaho
ADSS	Gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu kirere
OPGW	Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi

Ibyiza by'Insinga za Fiber Optic zo hanze zikoreshwa mu byuma bya Armored

Guhitamo insinga ifite intwaro bitanga inyungu nyinshi:

• Uburinzi buhanitse bwa mekanike
• Igihe kirekire cyo gukora
• Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga cyagabanijwe
• Kwizerwa neza kwa interineti
• Ubudahangarwa bw'imbeba burushaho kwiyongera
• Kurinda ubushuhe neza
• Kuramba neza cyane ku bidukikije
• Igiciro cy'umutungo cyose kiri hasi

Amakosa akunze kubaho mu gihe uhitamo insinga zo hanze za fibre

Irinde amakosa asanzwe:

• Guhitamo imigozi mike cyane kugira ngo yongererwe mu gihe kizaza
• Kwirengagiza kurinda imbeba mu byaro
• Guhitamo insinga y'imbere mu nzu ikoreshwa hanze
• Kurebera hamwe ibisabwa ku murongo wa radius
• Guhitamo imyenda y'ikoti itariyo
• Kwibanda gusa ku giciro cy'ibanze cyo kugura aho kwibanda ku giciro cy'ubuzima bwose
• Kwirengagiza amahame ngenderwaho yo mu gace utuyemo n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)

Ese insinga ya fiber optique ifite intwaro irinda amazi?

Yego. Insinga nyinshi zo hanze zikingira zirimo ibikoresho bifunga amazi n'ikoti rya polyethylene kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushuhe bwinjira.

Ese insinga ya fiber optique ishobora gutwikwa mu buryo butaziguye?

Yego. Imiterere nka GYTS na GYTA53 yagenewe by'umwihariko gukoreshwa mu gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye.

Ese intwaro zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaso?

Oya. Ingufu zirinda insinga mu buryo bwa mekanike ntizigire ingaruka ku mikorere y'itumanaho ry'amajwi.

Ni iyihe ntwaro itanga uburinzi bwiza bw'imbeba?

Kaseti y'icyuma ikozwe muri korrugasiyo n'icyuma gikingira ibyuma bitanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku byangiritse by'imbeba.

Insinga ya fiber optique yo hanze ifite ibyuma imara igihe kingana iki?

Iyo insinga za fiber optique zo hanze zishyizwemo neza kandi zigafatwa neza, ubusanzwe zishobora gukora kuva ku myaka 25 kugeza kuri 30 cyangwa irenga.

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo insinga ikwiye ya fiber optique yo hanze ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu kwemeza ko umuyoboro wizewe kandi witeguye ejo hazaza. Tekereza ku bidukikije byo gushyiraho, umubare wa fibre ukenewe, uburinzi bwa mekanike, imiterere y'ibidukikije, na gahunda zo kwagura igihe kirekire mbere yo gufata icyemezo. Byaba umushinga wawe ukubiyemo gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye, gushyiraho imiyoboro y'amazi, gushyira mu kirere, cyangwa imiterere mibi y'inganda, guhuza imiterere y'insinga n'ikoreshwa bizarushaho gukora neza, bigabanye kubungabunga, kandi bikongere igihe cy'ubuzima bw'ibikorwa remezo bya fibre yawe.

Mu gushora imari mu nsinga zikoreshwa mu gutunganya imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yo hanze zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa “armored fiber optique” muri iki gihe, abakora imiyoboro y’itumanaho bashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere, bakizewe cyane, kandi bakabarinda cyane imbogamizi zikomeye ziterwa no gushyiramo ibikoresho byo hanze.