Izinhlobo Zesixhumi Se-Fiber Optic

2025-02-12

Ngidinga ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumi ze-fiber optic. Ake ngiqale ngokukhumbula engikwaziyo. Izixhumi ze-fiber zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imicu ye-optical lapho kudingeka khona ikhono lokuxhuma/lokunqamula. Kunezinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye inomklamo wayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zayo.

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Okokuqala, isixhumi se-ST. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi yisixhumi sesitayela se-bayonet, mhlawumbe njengalezo ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi amadala. Bese kuba ne-SC, engicabanga ukuthi iyisixhumi esingena ngaphakathi, esinomumo wesikwele. I-LC incane, mhlawumbe uhlobo lokusunduza, olusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. I-FC isebenzisa isixhumi esinezintambo, akunjalo? Siphephile kakhulu, mhlawumbe ezindaweni ezidlidliza kakhulu. I-MTP ne-MPO zezokuxhumanisa kwe-multi-fiber, ezisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha. Kukhona ne-MU, encane kune-SC, kanye ne-E2000 ene-shutter evikelayo. I-SMA uhlobo oludala, mhlawumbe lokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. I-DIN iyindinganiso yaseJalimane, engavamile. Futhi kukhona izixhumi ze-duplex njenge-FDDI ne-ESCON, yize ngingaqiniseki kakhulu ngazo.

Linda, kufanele ngihlole ukuthi ngiyaxuba yini imininingwane. Isibonelo, i-LC iyisici esincane, ingxenye yobukhulu be-SC. I-MTP igama lomkhiqizo lesixhumi se-MPO, mhlawumbe? Noma ingabe ziyafana? Futhi, ezinye izixhumi ziyi-simplex (i-fiber eyodwa) vs i-duplex (imicu emibili). Njengoba i-LC ingaba yi-duplex ngokunqamula ezimbili ndawonye. I-SC ingaba yi-duplex futhi. I-MPO/MTP ingaba nemicu engu-12 noma engu-24 kusixhumi esisodwa.

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Izinhlobo Zesixhumi Se-Fiber Optic Izicelo: I-ST yayivamile emakhampasi, i-SC ku-data comm, i-LC ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikhungo zedatha, i-FC ku-instrumentation, i-MPO ekuxhumekeni komgogodla. Ngidinga ukukhuluma ngokulahlekelwa kokufakwa kanye nokulahlekelwa kokubuya ngakunye, njengoba lokho kubalulekile ekusebenzeni. Futhi, izinhlobo zokupholisha njenge-PC, i-UPC, i-APC. I-APC i-engile yokubonisa emuva okuphansi, isetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi anesivinini esikhulu njenge-GPON.

Linda, umsebenzisi ucele izinhlobo zezixhumi, kodwa izinhlobo zokupholisha ziyingxenye yezinhlobo zezixhumi. Ingabe kufanele ngifake lokho? Impendulo yokuqala ikwenzile, ngakho mhlawumbe kulungile. Ake ngihlele isixhumi ngasinye ngezici ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza.

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Ngidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angiphuthelwa yizinhlobo ezinkulu. Ake sizibhale futhi: ST, SC, LC, FC, MTP/MPO, MU, E2000, SMA, DIN, FDDI, ESCON, D4, mhlawumbe ezinye ezifana neBiconic noma i-Opti-Jack? Kodwa lezo azivamile. Gxila kweziyinhloko okukhulunywe ngazo.

Futhi, kusixhumi ngasinye, chaza izici ezibonakalayo: uhlobo lokuxhuma (i-bayonet, i-snap-in, i-threaded), usayizi we-ferrule (ST, i-SC inama-ferrule angu-2.5mm, i-LC 1.25mm). I-MPO/MTP ine-ferrule engunxande enezintambo eziningi.

Izinhlobo Zesixhumi Se-Fiber Optic Izicelo: ST kumanethiwekhi amadala, i-FC ku-telecom, i-LC ezikhungweni zedatha zesimanje, i-MPO kuma-backbones anesivinini esikhulu njenge-40/100G Ethernet.

Izinhlobo Zesixhumi Se-Fiber Optic Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa (ukuthi kulahleke ukukhanya okungakanani uma kuxhunyiwe) kanye nokulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa (ukubuyiselwa emuva). I-APC inokulahlekelwa okungcono kokubuyiselwa ngenxa ye-polish egobile.

Kufanele futhi ngiqaphele ukuthi ezinye izixhumi zithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile, njenge-E2000 eYurophu. I-SMA isetshenziswa kwezempi noma kwezimboni ngenxa yokuqina kwayo.

Ake ngihlele lolu lwazi ngamaphuzu ezinhlamvu zohlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi, njengoba impendulo yokuqala yenze. Qiniseka ukuthi ufingqa kodwa umboze amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo. Gwema ukungalungi kobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, i-MTP uhlobo oluthile lwe-MPO, ngakho-ke ziyafana kodwa i-MTP ingase ibe nezithuthukisi ezithile. Kodwa mhlawumbe ukuze kube lula, zihlanganise ndawonye.

Izinhlobo Zesixhumi Se-Fiber Optic Hlola kabili ubukhulu be-ferrule: ST, SC, FC sebenzisa u-2.5mm; i-LC isebenzisa u-1.25mm. I-MPO iyi-multi-fiber, ngakho-ke i-ferrule inkulu.

Izinhlobo zokupholisha i-Fiber Optic Connector: I-PC (Ukuthintana Okungokoqobo), i-UPC (Ukuthintana Okungokoqobo Okuphezulu), i-APC (Ukuthintana Okungokoqobo Okune-angled). I-APC ine-engeli engama-degree angu-8. I-UPC inokulahlekelwa okungcono kokubuya kune-PC, i-APC ingcono nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke izixhumi ezifana ne-SC/APC noma i-LC/APC zikhona, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza.

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Ngicabanga ukuthi leso yisakhiwo esihle. Manje, bhala uhlu lwezixhumi ngasinye ngemininingwane eshiwo. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nezici zazo.

Nasi isifinyezo esihlelekile sezinhlobo zezixhumi ze-fiber optic ezivamile, sigqamisa izici zazo ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezici zokusebenza:

1. Isixhumi se-ST (Ithiphu Eqondile)

Umklamo: Ukuxhumanisa kwesitayela se-bayonet (ukusunduza nokujika), i-ferrule engu-2.5mm.
Izicelo: Ama-LAN amadala, amakhampasi, amanethiwekhi e-multimode.
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: 0.25–0.5 dB; ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa: -35 dB (UPC).
Amanothi: Iqinile kodwa ithathelwe indawo kakhulu yizixhumi ezincane.

2. Isixhumi se-SC (Isixhumi Sokubhalisa)

Umklamo: Umklamo we-duplex ohlanganisiwe/oyisikwele, i-ferrule engu-2.5mm.
Izicelo: I-Datacom, i-CATV, i-GPON (ngokuvamile nge-APC polish).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: 0.25–0.5 dB; ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa: -60 dB (APC).

3. Isixhumi se-LC (Isixhumi se-Lucent)

Umklamo: I-latch yokusunduza nokudonsa, i-ferrule engu-1.25mm (ingxenye yobukhulu be-SC).
Izicelo: Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi (izikhungo zedatha, i-telecom).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: 0.1–0.3 dB; ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa: -60 dB (APC).

4. Isixhumi se-FC (Isixhumi se-Ferrule)

Umklamo: Ukuxhuma okunentambo, i-ferrule yensimbi engu-2.5mm.
Izicelo: Izindawo ezidlidliza kakhulu (imishini yokuhlola, i-telecom).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: 0.3–0.5 dB; ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa: -40 dB (UPC).

5. I-MTP/MPO (I-Multi-Fiber Push-On)

Umklamo: I-Multi-fiber (imicu engu-12/24), i-ferrule engunxande.
Izicelo: Izikhungo zedatha (40/100G Ethernet, umgogodla).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: ≤0.5 dB; ukulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa: -50 dB (APC).
Amanothi: I-MTP uhlobo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lwe-MPO.

6. I-MU (Iyunithi Encane)

Umklamo: Umklamo omncane ofana ne-SC, i-ferrule engu-1.25mm.
Izicelo: Izinhlelo ezinabantu abaningi (eJapane/e-Asia).
Ukusebenza: Kufana ne-LC kodwa akuvamile.

7. E2000

Umklamo: I-shutter efakwe entwasahlobo, i-ferrule engu-2.5mm.
Izicelo: FTTH, izindawo eziphephile (eYurophu).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahleka kokubuyisa: -60 dB (APC).

8. I-SMA (I-Sub-Miniature A)

Umklamo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwensimbi okunentambo, i-ferrule engu-3.17mm.
Izicelo: Izimboni/ezempi (izinhlelo zefa).
Ukusebenza: Ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi zesimanje.

9. KUSUKA

Umklamo: Ijwayelekile yesiJalimane, ingunxande ene-screw-lock.
Izicelo: Ezezimboni (ezingavamile namuhla).

10. Izixhumi ze-Duplex

I-FDDI/ESCON: Izixhumi zeziteshi ezimbili zamanethiwekhi athile (ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu manje).

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

Izinhlobo zasePoland:
- I-PC/UPC: Ipholishi eliyisicaba/eliyidome (ukulahlekelwa kokubuya: -50 dB).
- I-APC: ipholishi egobile engu-8° (ukulahlekelwa ukubuyisa: -60 dB), esetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi anesivinini esikhulu.
Usayizi we-Ferrule: 2.5mm (ST/SC/FC), 1.25mm (LC/MU), i-multi-fiber (MTP/MPO).
Amathrendi: I-LC ne-MTP zibusa ukusethwa kwesimanje okunobuningi obukhulu; i-APC ikhethwa kakhulu kwimodi eyodwa/i-CATV.

Lesi sifinyezo silinganisa ukufaneleka komlando nezindinganiso zamanje zemboni, sigcizelela ukusebenza kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa.

Xhumana Nathi, Thola Imikhiqizo Esezingeni Eliphezulu kanye Nensizakalo Yokunaka.

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