Asarar lanƙwasawa ta fiber yana nufin asarar siginar da ke faruwa lokacin da aka lanƙwasa zaren gani fiye da wani radius. Wannan lamari ya faru ne saboda zubewar haske daga tsakiyar zaren yayin da yake tafiya ta cikin cladding. Lokacin da aka lanƙwasa zaren, hasken yana fuskantar cikakken haske na ciki a mahaɗin cladding na tsakiya. Duk da haka, idan radius mai lanƙwasa ya yi ƙanƙanta, wasu daga cikin hasken na iya fita ta cikin cladding, wanda ke haifar da asara.

Asarar lanƙwasa fiber ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:

Radius mai lanƙwasa: Yayin da ƙaramin radius mai lanƙwasawa yake ƙara yawan asarar lanƙwasawa. Wannan kuwa saboda ƙaramin radius mai lanƙwasawa yana sa hasken ya fuskanci lanƙwasa mai yawa, yana ƙara yiwuwar zubewa ta cikin rufin.

Nau'in Zare: Nau'ikan zare daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban na asarar lanƙwasa. Misali, zare masu yanayi ɗaya yawanci suna da ƙarancin asarar lanƙwasa idan aka kwatanta da zare masu yanayin multimode.

Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa: Asarar lanƙwasawa na iya bambanta dangane da tsawon hasken da ake watsawa ta hanyar zare. Wasu tsawon raƙuman na iya fuskantar asarar lanƙwasawa mafi girma fiye da wasu.

Tsarin Zare: Tsarin zare, gami da bayanin martabar refractive index da kayan da aka yi amfani da su, na iya yin tasiri ga asarar lanƙwasa.

Shafi: Nau'in da ingancin murfin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan zare na iya shafar sassaucinsa da juriyarsa ga asarar lanƙwasa.

Domin rage asarar lanƙwasawa, yana da mahimmanci a kula da zare na gani a hankali kuma a guji lanƙwasawa da yawa, musamman lanƙwasa mai kaifi. Sau da yawa ana tsara kebul na fiber optic da yadudduka masu kariya da ƙarfafawa don rage asarar lanƙwasawa da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa sigina.

A cikin amfani da zare mai gani, wani nau'in asarar gani mai rikitarwa shine asarar micro-lankwasa. Tare da haɓaka na'urori da zare mai gani, asarar micro-lankwasa shine abin da ya fi damuwa da asara. Ana shigar da ƙarin sauyawa kai tsaye a cikin na'urar maimakon sauyawar lantarki, kuma zare yana iya fuskantar damuwa na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Ga zare, zare mai siriri, ƙaramin zare mai diamita, ko dai ta hanyar rage kauri na shafi, ko ta hanyar rage diamita na rufin; Hakazalika ga zare mai tsakiya da yawa, kauri mai tasiri na rufin zai ragu sosai, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin asara micro-lankwasa.

Rashin lanƙwasawa ta micro-lanƙwasa da asarar macro-lanƙwasa suna da alaƙa da lanƙwasawa a zahiri, amma akwai bambance-bambance a tsakaninsu daga mahangar hanyar da ke haifar da asarar. Saboda haka, a aikace-aikace, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a bambanta asarar daga lanƙwasawa ta micro ko lanƙwasa ta macro bisa ga yanayin asarar, wanda ya ƙunshi wurin da ya dace na matsalar da kuma hanyar magance matsalar.

1. Dangane da nakasar siffofi na geometric

Asarar lanƙwasa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a zahiri asara ce da aka haifar ta hanyar ɗan canjin zare, yayin da asarar lanƙwasa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ita ce asarar da ainihin lanƙwasa ya haifar, kuma diamita na waje na zaren ya kasance madaidaicin tsari. Wannan yana nuna bambanci a cikin yanayin lissafi. Ana iya ɗaukar ƙaramin canjin zaren a matsayin babban canjin yanayin kewaye na geometric a cikin alkiblar tsayi na zaren. Wannan rikicewar tana da halaye biyu: girma da mita. Yanayin lanƙwasa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ya fito ne daga babban mita da ƙarancin girma. Ana iya kwaikwayon rikicewar waje, kuma mita da girmansa suna canzawa bazuwar tare da lokaci. Idan aka ɗauki canjin Fourier na wannan bambancin bazuwar, girman yana daidai da ƙarfin, kuma akwai daidaito tsakanin yawan ƙarfin spectral da mitar sarari.

Wannan kuma yana da sauƙin fahimta da kuma yanke hukunci mai inganci: lokacin da yawan tashin hankali ya yi yawa, nakasar zare ɗin ta yi daidai, kuma tasirin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa ba ta da yawa. Duk da haka, idan yawan tashin hankali ya yi ƙasa sosai, ainihin lanƙwasa na iya samuwa, kuma asarar macro lanƙwasa ita ce mafi rinjaye.

2. Daga tsarin asara

A cikin asarar macro-lankwasa, za a iya la'akari da cewa rarraba filin yanayin yanayin asali (zaren yanayi ɗaya) a cikin zare yana yaɗuwa zuwa gefen lankwasawa, kuma ɓangaren da ya bazu cikin zurfin rufi zai samar da radiation kuma a hankali ya ɓace. A cikin asarar micro-lankwasawa, wani ɓangare na ƙarfin yanayin asali wanda ke yaɗuwa a cikin zare mai kyau an haɗa shi da hanyoyi daban-daban na babban tsari a ƙarƙashin yanayin rikici. Yayin da nisan yaɗuwa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin da waɗannan hanyoyin mafi girma ke ɗauka yana haskawa daga zaren abubuwa goma na Oran, kuma ba shakka za a iya sake haɗa shi zuwa yanayin asali.

Binciken asarar micro-bending yawanci ya dogara ne akan ka'idar haɗin kai na yanayi, kuma dangantakar asali tana da ɗan rikitarwa.

Inda C shine ma'aunin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin yanayin asali da ɗayan manyan hanyoyin, wanda ke nuna yawan ƙarfin da za a haɗa daga yanayin jagora zuwa yanayin mafi girma ko yanayin rufewa (yanayin yanayi ɗaya). Qfiber shine ma'aunin zare a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kai tsaye, kuma Qenv shine ma'aunin tashin hankali a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kai tsaye lokacin da yanayi ya canza. Daidaiton wannan nazarin ƙira yana da wahala saboda rikice-rikicen da ke haifar da asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa suna da matuƙar bazuwar, amma manufar binciken shine don samar da jagora mai ƙarfi, kuma a wasu yanayi, ana iya amfani da ƙarin ma'auni don kimanta sakamakon kwaikwayon.

olshansky ya yi nazari kuma ya gabatar da wata dangantaka ta lura a farkon matakin.

a-Core radius

b - Radius na Rufi

Bambancin ma'aunin Delta - mai nuna haske

Modulus mai laushi na murfin EE-polymer

Misali - Na roba na gilashin fiber na gani

Ga yawancin lokuta na amfani, wannan alaƙar ta fi taimako

3. Tushen asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa

Asalin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa galibi abubuwa ne na waje. Idan ana amfani da zare ne kawai a matsayin zare mara komai ba tare da kebul ya samar ba, idan babu ƙarfin waje a cikin sararin samaniya mai 'yanci, babu yiwuwar asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa. Kodayake rashin daidaiton yanayin zare da kansa na iya haifar da asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa, za a iya yin watsi da tasirin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa na zare da kansa saboda an wuce gwajin asarar a gwajin masana'anta. Yana la'akari ne kawai da tasirin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa na zare na gani wanda ya dace da daidaitawar waje a cikin kebul ko na'ura.

Tushen asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa galibi suna fitowa ne daga fannoni uku

Na farko shine tsarin zaren da kansa. Tsarin zaren da kansa ba shine tushen asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa ba, amma yanayin lanƙwasawa ga ƙananan lanƙwasa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙirar zaren da kansa. Tsarin zaren yana da tasiri sosai akan ƙimar MAC. Wannan ya yi daidai da dabarar fasalin Olshansky.

Mafi ƙanƙantar MAC, ƙarancin asarar micro-lanƙwasa zai kasance ƙarƙashin irin wannan rikici na waje.

Wannan yana nuna a cikin takamaiman zaren, gabaɗaya fiber ɗin G657 yana da ƙarancin asarar micro-lanƙwasa fiye da fiber ɗin G652

Duk da cewa rage radius na tsakiya da ƙara bambancin ma'aunin haske na iya rage asarar micro-lanƙwasa, alaƙar da ke tsakanin sigogin zare da daidaita zaren ba za ta kasance ba a yanayin canza siga ɗaya kawai yayin da sauran ba su canza ba. Amma yanayin ya ci gaba.

Tsarin rufin da ke cikin zare na iya kawo ci gaba. Dogaro da tsawon raƙuman ruwa na asarar microbending ya bambanta sosai lokacin da aka ƙara wani takamaiman ƙirar tsagi a cikin rufin.

Dogaro da tsawon tsayin daka na asarar microbending na zaren da aka yanke a cikin hoton ya bambanta sosai da na zaren da aka yanke a cikin wannan hoton. Dogaro da tsawon tsayin daka na zaren da aka yanke a cikin wannan hoton ya ɗan fi bayanan al'ada, musamman ga zaren ƙirar da aka yanke wanda asarar microbending ta daidaita. Wannan yana nufin cewa wurin da matsalar ta saba da kuma nazarin matsala yana buƙatar la'akari da ƙirar zaren, in ba haka ba kawai bisa ga ƙwarewa na iya zama ɓatarwa. A taƙaice, ƙirar zaren yana inganta asarar microbending, wanda ke da amfani ga wasu yanayi.

Na biyu, tushen asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa yana da alaƙa da factor na kebul na fiber optic, wanda ya fi rikitarwa. Rikicewar ta ta'allaka ne da gaskiyar cewa akwai nau'ikan kebul na fiber optic da yawa kuma ƙirar ta bambanta sosai, amma yana da sauƙin zama takamaiman ga wani nau'in. Wani abu na yau da kullun shine tasirin shafi. A hankali, ana iya kammalawa cewa murfin, a matsayin layin farko na kariya don kare zare, yana taka rawar ingantaccen watsa damuwa. Idan an yi amfani da murfin azaman aikin canja wurin damuwa, ƙaramin modulus na ciki shine kuma girman modulus na waje shine, ƙaramin ƙimar aikin canja wurin damuwa shine, kuma tasirin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa mai dacewa shima ƙarami ne. Girman diamita na murfin shine, ƙaramin tasirin asarar ƙananan lanƙwasa an san shi da sani.

Babu shakka, diamita na 900um ya fi ƙarancin lanƙwasawa fiye da asarar microbending na zare 250um. Haka kuma za a iya sanin cewa a cikin irin wannan ƙirar kebul na fiber optic, kodayake sararin aiki na zare 900um ƙarami ne, a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, asarar micro-lanƙwasa ta hakika ta fi ƙanƙanta a cikin kebul ɗin

Abu na uku shine tasirin muhallin da kebul ɗin yake a ciki. Saboda sarkakiyar asarar micro-lanƙwasa, babu wata hanyar gwaji da aka daidaita a yanzu, kuma hanyar gwajin da IEC/TR62221 ta bayar galibi ana amfani da ita kai tsaye. Yana da wuya a tantance matsalar. Ko da ga wasu hanyoyin gwaji, yanayin gwaji da kayan aikin gwaji, wurare daban-daban na sanyawa na iya samun sakamako daban-daban. Ba za a iya kwatanta sakamakon dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban kai tsaye ba, amma duk kwatancen inganci ne. Don sakamakon gwajinsa, yana buƙatar a tantance shi daban.