Insinga za fibre optique zo munsi y'amazi Ziratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko kandi zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro nk'iz'uburyo bumwe cyangwa ubw'uburyo bwinshi, izifite intwaro cyangwa izidafite intwaro, n'izisubiramo cyangwa izidasubirwamo. Izi nsinga ziri ku butaka bw'inyanja kugira ngo zihuze imigabane kandi zitange amakuru menshi hagati y'ibihugu. Insinga z'uburyo bumwe zikora neza mu ntera ndende, mu gihe insinga z'uburyo bwinshi zikoreshwa mu nzira ngufi. Insinga z'uburinzi zirimo izindi ntambwe zo kurinda kwangirika kw'amabuye cyangwa uburobyi, kandi insinga zitari iz'uburinzi zoroshye gukoreshwa mu nyanja nini. Insinga nke zikoresha izisubiramo kugira ngo zongere ibimenyetso mu birometero ibihumbi, mu gihe izindi zikora zidafite izisubiramo kugira ngo zihuze igihe gito. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'izo nsinga bifasha mu guhitamo insinga ikwiye kuri buri nzira yo mu nyanja. Ibyinshi biri hepfo bizagaragaza uburyo buri nsinga ihura n'ibikenewe ku isi yose.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya agapapuro k'urupapuro rwa fiber optique na agasanduku ko kurangiza fibre optique bishingira ku mikorere yabyo y'ibanze n'ikoreshwa ryayo mu muyoboro. Akabati ka fiber optique gakora nk'ihuriro ryo guhuza no gutunganya imiyoboro, byoroshya inzira yo gukora cyangwa guhindura imiyoboro. Mu kugereranya, agasanduku ka fiber optique gatanga ahantu hizewe ho guhagarika no kurinda imiyoboro ya fiber, akenshi ku nkengero z'umuyoboro cyangwa aho umukoresha ahurira. Byombi bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda no gucunga imiyoboro yawe, ariko buri imwe yagenewe umwanya wihariye mu miterere yawe. Gusobanukirwa iyi mikorere bishobora gufasha mu kubaka cyangwa kunoza umuyoboro wa fiber. Igice gikurikira gisobanura uburyo buri imwe ihuye n'imiterere nyayo.

Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, na Cat6a ni ubwoko bwose bwa ethernet insinga zikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya interineti. Cat5 ishyigikira umuvuduko ugera kuri 100 Mbps kandi ni nziza ku bikoresho by'ibanze byo mu rugo. Cat5e igabanya umuvuduko ugera kuri 1 Gbps kandi ikagabanya ibiganiro, bigatuma yiringirwa ku bikenewe byinshi mu rugo no mu biro bito. Cat6 ishyigikira umuvuduko mwinshi ugera kuri 10 Gbps mu ntera ngufi, bigatuma ihura neza n'aho bakorera cyangwa aho basohokera. Cat6a izamuka cyane, itanga 10 Gbps yizewe mu ntera ndende, ikwiranye n'ahantu hanini cyangwa mu gihe kizaza. Byose byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye by'umuvuduko, intera, n'ikoreshwa. Igice gikurikira gisobanura igihe cyo guhitamo buri kimwe.

Kode y'amabara ya fibre igaragaza ibimenyetso by'amabara ku nsinga za fibre optique. Iyi kode y'amabara ituma umuntu amenya vuba kandi byoroshye buri mugozi wa fibre mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho cyangwa kuyisana. Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha ibara ry'umwimerere ry'amabara cumi n'abiri, buri rimwe rifatanye n'umubare, bigatuma rihorana kandi ryoroshye kubatekinisiye bose. Kode y'amabara ikoreshwa mu bwoko bwose bw'insinga, kuva ku migozi imwe imwe kugeza ku migozi minini, ifite fibre nyinshi. Ku muhanga wese w'ikoranabuhanga, gusobanukirwa kode y'amabara ya fibre bigabanya urujijo kandi byihutisha akazi. Mu gice gikurikira, menya uko imbonerahamwe y'amabara imeze, impamvu urukurikirane ari ingenzi hamwe n'inama zimwe na zimwe zo gusobanura amabara mu nsinga nyazo.

Agakingirizo ka fiber optique ni agasanduku gakingira gashyiramo kandi gatunganya insinga za fiber optique n'imiyoboro. Utu dukingirizo twa fiber optique turinda insinga umukungugu, ubushuhe, n'ibyangiritse ku mubiri kandi tugafasha gucunga neza insinga. Udukingirizo twinshi tuboneka mu buryo bwo gushyiramo rack cyangwa gupakira inkuta, hamwe n'udusanduku dutanga urumuri n'ibyambu kugira ngo ducunge insinga mu buryo bunoze. Agakingirizo keza gatuma abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bamenya kandi bagakemura ibibazo vuba, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kudakora no kubungabunga umutekano w'umuyoboro. Amwe muri yo yagenewe gukoreshwa hanze kandi ashobora kwihanganira imimerere mibi. Guhitamo agakingirizo gakwiye biterwa n'umubare w'insinga, umwanya uhari wo gushyiramo, ndetse niba bikenewe ko gakoreshwa imbere cyangwa hanze. Ubutaha, tuzavuga ku moko, porogaramu, n'inama zo guhitamo agakingirizo ka fiber optique gakwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Insinga za fibre optique zo mu kirere ziza mu bwoko butandukanye nka ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting), figure-8, n'insinga zihambiriye. Buri bwoko bukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guhagarika insinga hagati y'inkingi, kurwanya umuyaga mwinshi, no kwirinda amazi n'izuba. Insinga za ADSS zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye ariko byoroshye kandi ntizikenera insinga z'inyongera zishyigikira. Insinga za Figure-8 zifite insinga y'icyuma yubatswemo kugira ngo zimanikwe. Insinga zihambiriye zifite insinga y'inyongera yo kuzishyigikira kandi zihambiriyeho mu gihe cyo kuzishyiraho. Ni byiza kumenya itandukaniro ryo guhitamo insinga ikwiye yo gukorera mu mujyi cyangwa mu cyaro. Hasi turasuzuma uburyo ubwo bwoko bukora, uko busa, n'aho bukoreshwa kugira ngo bugire ingaruka nziza.

Insinga ya ADSS bivuze insinga yigenga ya All-Dielectric, naho insinga ya ASU ikaba ikoreshwa munsi y'ubutaka. Insinga ya ADSS ikunze gukoreshwa ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi zo hejuru kuko idasaba inkunga y'icyuma. Imiterere yayo ni yoroshye kandi irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'amashanyarazi. Insinga ya ASU ikora hejuru no munsi y'ubutaka, itanga amahirwe y'inyongera yo kuyikoresha ahantu hatandukanye. Ubwoko bw'insinga zombi butanga itandukaniro mu buryo zikwirakwizamo imihangayiko, kuyishyiraho, no kuyigumana. Gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ingenzi ya buri imwe bituma uhitamo insinga ikwiye yo gukora imirimo y'amashanyarazi cyangwa amakuru. Ibice bikurikira bigereranya imiterere y'ingenzi, porogaramu, n'amabwiriza yo guhitamo insinga za ADSS ugereranyije na ASU ku bunini bw'umushinga cyangwa ibisabwa.

ADSS na OPGW ni ubwoko bubiri bw'insinga za fibre optique zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo kohereza amakuru n'itumanaho. Insinga za ADSS zimanika hagati y'inkingi kandi ntizisaba gusigwa amashanyarazi, bigatuma zikoreshwa neza mu bice by'amashanyarazi menshi cyangwa kongera gushyirwamo. Insinga za OPGW zikora nk'insinga yo hasi n'inzira y'itumanaho, zitanga uburinzi bukomeye bw'imirasire n'ikoranabuhanga. Buri nsinga ifite ibyiza byayo, kandi guhitamo hagati yazo byombi akenshi bigaragaza imiterere y'insinga z'amashanyarazi, ingengo y'imari, n'ikirere cy'akarere. Urwego ruzagaragaza ibintu by'ingenzi bizagufasha guhitamo ijyanye n'ibyo umushinga wawe ukeneye.