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G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Whakataurite Katoa o te muka Aratau-Kore-Piko
2026-08-06
Ko ngā waea o roto o ngā waeine maha-nohoanga FTTH, FTTB, MDU, ngā taura pokapū raraunga kiato me te whakatinanatanga o ngā paipa moroiti e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mō te mahi piko muka. Ka puta he ngaronga piko nui kitea i te muka aratau-kotahi G.652.D tuku iho ina he iti rawa te radius piko, ka hua ake he ngoikore rawa te whatu, he ratonga PON kore pumau, he takanga wā-poto, tae noa ki te pakaru o te muka i te pae. I tukuna e ITU-T te paerewa G.657 hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, me te tautuhi i ngā momo muka piko-kore-aroturuki e rua e hototahi ana ki muri: G.657.A1 me G.657.A2.
He maha ngā kaihangarau whatunga, ngā kaiwhakatū kaupapa me ngā kaimahi hoko e pāngia ana e ngā panga whānui: He aha te āputa hangarau tūturu i waenga i a G.657.A1 me G.657.A2? Nā te mea he rite tonu te āhua o te tirohanga, me pēhea te karo i te tinihangatia e ngā hua kua he te tapanga? Ko tēhea āhuatanga e whiriwhiri ana i a A1, ko tēhea me whakamahi i a A2? He maha ngā kaupapa e pāngia ana e ngā mōrearea huna: te whakamahi i a A1 i roto i te taiao piko taumaha-wāhi whaiti, ka arahi ki te korenga o te whakaae, te tiaki i muri i te hoko me te utu kaupapa katoa teitei ake i te wā roa, ahakoa kua penapenahia te utu rauemi tuatahi.
Ka whakatauritehia e tēnei tuhinga a G.657.A1 me G.657.A2 mai i ngā tawhā paerewa ITU‑T, te ngaronga piko, te hototahi, ngā horopaki tono, te tātari utu-painga, ngā hapa hangarau me ngā tikanga manatoko hoko, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri tika i te muka mō ngā kaupapa FTTH, waea o roto, MDU me ngā kaupapa paipa moroiti.
1. Whakamāramatanga Matua me ngā Tawhā Paerewa ITU‑T
Kei roto i te Kāwai-A te muka aratau-kotahi kore-piko, kore-aro, a G.657.A1 me G.657.A2, ā, he hototahi whakamuri ki te muka G.652.D tawhito, ko te tikanga he rite te diameter mara-aratau, ka taea te hono tika, te hono rānei ki te whatunga G.652.D kua whakatinanahia, me te kore he mate hononga-teitei. He muka aratau-kotahi iti-wai-tihi ēnei, e tautoko ana i te tuku maha-roopu O/S/C/L, e urutau ana ki te PON, 10G PON, XGS-PON me ngā whatunga urunga whatu tere-teitei o muri mai.
Ko te rerekētanga tino nui kei roto i te iti rawa o te pūtoro piko e whakaaetia ana me te taupū mate piko-rahi i raro i te piko pūtoro iti, i tautuhia e ITU‑T G.657‑2024 paerewaITU.
| Tawhā | G.657.A1 | G.657.A2 |
|---|---|---|
| Te pūtoro piko iti rawa kua tohua | 10 mm | 7.5 mm |
| Te ngaronga piko nui @15 mm te radius, 10 ngā hurihanga, 1550 nm | ≤0.25 dB | ≤0.03 dB |
| Te ngaronga piko nui @10 mm te radius, 1 hurihanga, 1550 nm | ≤0.75 dB | ≤0.10 dB |
| Te ngaronga piko nui @7.5 mm te radius, 1 hurihanga, 1550 nm | Kāore i tohua | ≤0.50 dB |
| Diameter o te mara aratau@1310 nm | 8.6±0.4 μm | 8.6±0.4 μm |
| Hototahitanga | Tino tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o G.652.D | Tino tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o G.652.D |
| Te utu whanaunga noa | Tūāpapa | +8~15% teitei ake i te A1 |
Tuhipoka nui: Kāore he rerekētanga ā-kanohi i waenga i te muka tahanga o G.657.A1 me G.657.A2. Kāore e taea te wehewehe i a rāua mā te tae o te paninga, mā te āhua rānei. Ko te whakamātautau taiwhanga macrobending-loss anake ka taea te whakamana i te tauira pono. He maha ngā kaiwhakarato kino e tapa ana i a G.657.A1 ko G.657.A2 hei whiwhi moni tāpiri, he mōrearea huna nui tēnei i roto i ngā mahi hokohoko.
2. Whakataurite mahi hōhonu
2.1 Te ātete piko me te ngaronga piko nui
Ko te ngaronga piko nui te tohu matua e wehewehe ana i ēnei muka e rua. Ina piko te muka, ka taupokina te tohu mārama e tetahi wāhanga o te uhi, ka puta he whakaiti. Ko te iti o te radius piko, ko te kitea ake o te pānga taupoki.
Kua arotauhia a G.657.A1 mō te iti rawa o te radius piko 10 mm. I raro i te hanganga radius noa, he pumau tana mahi. Engari ina akiakihia ki te piko koi 7.5 mm, ka piki tere te ngaronga o te macrobending, ka panaia te tahua hononga PON ki waho o te awhe, ka puta te ONU kore pumau ki te ipurangi, te ngaronga mōkihi matapōkere, te amuamu puhoi-tere mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga, he tino kitea i raro i te tohu roa-ngaru 1550 nm me te 1625 nm.
Ka whakamahia e G.657.A2 te hoahoa tāpiritanga matua matatau, ka pehi nui i te turuturu mārama i raro i te piko iti o te radius. I te radius piko 15 mm, ko te ngaronga piko nui tekau-huringa he ≤0.03 dB noa iho, he iti iho i te A1. Ka tautoko pūmau i te radius piko iti rawa 7.5 mm. Ahakoa ka hangaia e te kaiwhakauru he ara kokonga koi 90-tohu, he takai kiato i roto i te katinga hononga, he pouaka whatu whaiti rānei, ka noho tonu te whakaiti tohu ki te taumata iti, ka nui ake te manawanui hanga mō ngā kaimahi mara. Ahakoa te mahi ā-ringa hē, e kore e tere te puta o te rahunga ngaronga whatu nui.
2.2 Te hototahitanga whatunga me te mahi honohono
E ōrite ana te A1 me te A2 ki te diameter mara aratau G.652.D. Ka taea e ngā tohunga mara te hono tika i te muka G.657.A1/A2 me te muka G.652.D tawhito i roto i te whatunga tipu o waho. Kāore e hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga motuhake mō te kaupapa honohono. Ka taea e te honohono honohono noa te whiwhi i te uara mate honohono kua whakaritea.
Tohutohu hanga mahi: Ahakoa he pai te hototahitanga, ka nui tonu te ngaronga o te hononga mēnā he paru te mata o te muka, he kino te kounga o te tapahi. Mō te hononga muka whakauru, he tino taunakihia te whakamahi i te mīhini tapahi tino tika me ngā taputapu hononga honohono kua whakatikatikaina i ia wā, hei whakapūmau i te kounga o te hononga.
2.3 Te pono o te miihini
E tutuki ana i ngā muka e rua te paerewa ā-pūkaha ātete-aukati 0.69 GPa o te ITU-T. Mō te ātete kume, te āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te paparanga paninga, kāore he āputa mārama. Ka kitea te rerekētanga i roto i te mahi ātete-aukati ā-pūkaha i raro i ngā horopaki piko koi auau. Ka taea e G.657.A2 te tu atu i te piko iti-whāiti maha atu me te kore he mōrearea pakaru huna, he pai mō ngā horopaki ka taea te whakarite me te whakarite anō i te muka i muri i te tāutanga.
2.4 Te utu me te tūnga o te mekameka tuku
He tino māmā te tukanga hanga o G.657.A1, he rawaka te tuku puta noa i te ao, he pumau te utu, he pai mō te hoko kaupapa papatipu nui.
Me tino tika te whakahaere i te tukanga tāpiringa i roto i te G.657.A2. He nui ake te utu o ngā rauemi mata. I ētahi huringa mākete, ka iti pea te tuku, he poto te wā whai mana o ngā korero, he nui ake te piki me te heke o ngā utu. He maha ngā kaiwhakahaere kaupapa e whiriwhiri ana i te A2 mō ngā horopaki katoa, ka puta he moumou utu koretake mō ngā kaupapa me te kore e hiahiatia he piko iti.
3. Tātaritanga o te Horopaki Taupānga: Āhea me whiriwhiri a G.657.A1, āhea me whiriwhiri a G.657.A2
Kōwhiria a G.657.A1 mō ēnei āhuatanga
- Te whakatinanatanga paerewa o te taura taka FTTH: mai i te kāpata tohatoha tiriti ki te pakitara o waho o te whare, he tuwhera te ara ara, kāore he kokonga koi rawa.
- Waea MDU whare hou: he nui te wāhi paipa, ko ngā whakaritenga hangahanga e tino whakahaere ana i te radius piko ≥10 mm.
- He kaupapa hangarau ā-iwi nui, he iti te tahua, he tika te nuinga o ngā huarahi, he wāhanga piko mārire anake.
- Kaupapa hanga anō whatunga whakauru, honohono papatipu ki te muka G.652.D o waho o te tipu, me te whai i te taurite utu-mahi.
Ka whakaratohia e G.657.A1 te kaha piko-kore e tika ana, me te utu rauemi iti iho. Mena ka whai pūmau te tīma hanga i ngā whakaritenga mō te radius piko iti rawa o te 10 mm, ka taea te whakamana i te pumau o te whatunga.
Me tīpako a G.657.A2 mō ēnei āhuatanga
- Te whakahoutanga o ngā whare tawhito i ngā waea o roto: he paipa huna whaiti, he kokonga pakitara koi 90-tohu, he iti noa te wāhi waea.
- MDU kiato-teitei, pouaka tohatoha whatu kiato, katinga hononga ā-roto, takai matotoru, waea kāpata iti te wāhi.
- Te whakatinanatanga o ngā paipa moroiti, te peke muka kua oti te whakamutu i mua i roto, te muka kua tanumia ki roto i te pakitara.
- Kaupapa whakahou me te kounga hanga i te papaanga kāore e taea te whakahaere: tera pea ka nui rawa te piko o te radius o te kaiwhakauru i te wā hanga. Whakamahia te A2 hei whakapai ake i te ātete hapa o te hononga katoa.
- Whatunga kiritaki e hiahiatia ana kia tino pono: te hanga hinonga, te hapori kounga teitei, te karo i te tiaki i muri i te hoko i puta mai i te korenga o te piko.
He whakamaumahara nui: Ki te whakamahia e koe te G.657.A1 i roto i ngā horopaki e hiahia ana kia 7.5 mm te mahi piko, tera pea ka paahitia e koe te whakamātautau whakaae-wheketere, engari ka puta he raruraru huna i muri i ngā marama o te mahi: ka piki haere te ngaronga o te piko nui i te huringa pāmahana, ka puta he nekehanga iti o te muka, ka raru ai te ratonga. He uaua ki te kimi i tēnei hapa i roto i ngā mahi tiaki-mahi o ia rā, ka nui te utu OPEX mō ngā kaiwhakahaere.
4. Ngā mamae o te umanga whānui me ngā hapa noa
Wāhi mamae 1: Te mānukanuka tautuhi tirohanga
He tokomaha ngā kaihoko e whakapono hē ana ka taea e rātou te wehewehe i te A1/A2 mā te āhua muka. Inaa, kāore he rerekētanga o te paninga muka tahanga, te āhua o te uhi o waho o te taura. He uaua ki te ārai i te taura mēnā he tohu te tapanga ina whiwhi taonga, ka puta noa ngā raruraru i muri i te otinga o te hanganga, ka nui te utu mahi anō mō te taha kaupapa.
Wāhanga mamae 2: Kōwhiringa tino tika, iti rānei te tika
E rua ngā whanonga hē e kitea whānuitia ana:
- Katoa-i-A2: Ahakoa te taiao whakatinanatanga tuturu, me hoko katoa a G.657.A2, ka piki ake te utu kaupapa kāore e tika ana.
- Katoa-i-te-A1: Whaia te utu iti mā te kore aro, whakamahia te A1 i roto i ngā whakahoutanga whare tawhito, ngā āhuatanga piko taumaha o ngā paipa whaiti. Kāore he tohu o te taupū whakaae, ki te kore ka puta he kore pumau o te ratonga i muri mai.
Arorau tika: Wehewehea kia rite ki te āhua o te ara i te wāhi tūturu. Wehewehea te rohe kaupapa: whakamahia te A1 mō te wāhanga ara tuwhera, whakamahia te A2 mō te wāhanga waea ā-roto whaiti, kia taurite te utu me te mahi.
Wāhi mamae 3: Whakapoauau i te raupapa G.657.A me te raupapa G.657.B
Ka mau tonu te hototahitanga whakamuri o G.657.A1/A2 ki te G.652.D, he pai mō te whatunga urunga FTTH. Ko te whāinga matua a G.657.B2/B3 ko te whānui piko iti rawa o roto, ko te taupū hapa e rerekē ana i te G.652.D, kāore e pai mō te hononga tawhiti-roa o waho o te tipu. He maha ngā miihini e whakararuraru ana i te raupapa A me te raupapa B, ka puta he mōrearea hototahi i roto i te kaupapa hanga hou whatunga ITU.
Wāhanga mamae 4: Kaua e aro ki te pūrongo whakamātautau puranga i roto i te hoko
Ko te ota hoko he tohu muka anake, engari kāore e hiahiatia kia whakaratohia e te kaiwhakarato he pūrongo whakamātautau mate-whakawhitinga-maha. Kia oti te whakakapinga rūpahu, ka riro i te rōpū kaupapa te mate katoa.
5. Ngā mahi pai rawa atu mō te hoko me te whakatinanatanga
- He mārama te whakaritenga hangarau i roto i te tuhinga hoko: Wehewehea te momo muka kia rite ki te horopaki iti, kaua e tohua he tauira kotahi mō te kaupapa katoa.
- Me tono te kaiwhakarato kia whakarato i te pūrongo whakamātautau mate piko-rahi e rite ana ki te puranga, kia arotahi ki te taupū mate piko-rahi 1550 nm i raro i te 15 mm me te 10 mm te radius piko, koinei te huarahi tino whai hua ki te tautuhi i te A1/A2 pono-me-te-hē.
- Mō ngā whakatakotoranga hanga: Ahakoa te whakamahi i te G.657.A2, kaua e whakangaro noa i te toronga piko i roto i te hanganga. Ko te ātete piko iti he āheinga ki te manawanui ki ngā hapa, ehara i te mea e akiaki ana i te whanonga hanga kino. Me whai tonu i te hanganga paerewa.
- Te tatau i te tahua hononga: I te wā e hoahoa ana i te hononga PON, me pupuri he tawhiti whakaiti mō te ngaronga piko nui, inā koa mō te wāhanga waea o roto.
- Whakamātautau Whakaae: Kaua e whakamātautau noa i te ngaronga hononga whānui, engari kia aro nui hoki ki te uara whakaiti o te roangaru roa (1550 nm, 1625 nm). He tairongo ake te roangaru roa ki te ngaronga piko nui, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te hapa piko huna.
6. Whakarāpopototanga
He muka aratau kotahi kua pakari te G.657.A1 me te G.657.A2 mō te whatunga FTTx hou. E aro ana te G.657.A1 ki te taura taka-FTTH whānui me te piko-waenga, me te painga utu mārama; e aro ana te G.657.A2 ki te wāhi whaiti, ki te whakahoutanga whare tawhito, ki te waea o roto kiato-nui, e whakarato ana i te mahi ārai-piko-maha kaha ake me te manawanui-hape-hanga teitei ake, i te utu nui ake.
Kāore he mea tino pai ake i waenganui i a G.657.A1 me G.657.A2. Ko te kaupapa matua o te kōwhiringa ko te whakataurite i te mahi muka ki te āhua o te tāutanga tūturu. Mā te whai matapo i ngā whakaritenga teitei, te whai nui rānei i ngā utu iti ka puta he mōrearea ki te kaupapa. Me whakakotahi ngā miihini me ngā kaiwhakahaere hoko i te āhua o te paipa, te whakahoutanga, te hanga hou rānei, te kaha o te tīma hanga, me te tahua kaupapa kia taea ai te whakatau whakaaro nui. I taua wā, whakapakarihia te manatoko rauemi hou, kia tūpato ki te mōrearea hua he, kia karohia te ngaronga nui i muri i te otinga o te whakatakotoranga taura.
Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha me ngā kaihoko taura, mā te mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenga i a G.657.A1 me G.657.A2 ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te pumau o te whatunga, te whakahaere i te utu huringa ora katoa, me te whakaiti i te kawenga mahi tiaki i muri i te hoko o te kaupapa FTTH.
