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Chingwe cha ASU CHIKWANGWANI CHA CHIKWANGWANI CHA ASU
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Chithunzi 8 Chingwe cha Optical cha Fiber
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Chingwe cha Photoelectric Composite CHIKWANGWANI CHA MAONEKEDWE
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Chingwe cha ADSS CHIKWANGWANI
Chingwe cha Ulusi wa ASU
Chingwe cha OPGW CHIKWANGWANI
Chingwe cha FTTH CHIKWANGWANI
Chithunzi 8 Chingwe cha Ulusi
Chingwe cha Ulusi Wopangidwa ndi Photoelectric Composite
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Zambiri zaife
Gulu Lathu
Mbiri
Mphamvu ya R&D
Malo Opangira Zinthu
Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu ndi Zogulitsa
Ubwino
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Kuyerekeza Konse kwa Ulusi wa Bend Insensitivity Single Mode
2026-08-06
Ma waya amkati a FTTH, FTTB, MDU okhala ndi malo ambiri okhala, ma waya ang'onoang'ono a data center ndi kuyika kwa microduct kumapereka zofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa fiber bend. Ulusi wachikhalidwe wa G.652.D single-mode udzapangitsa kuti macrobending awonongeke kwambiri pamene ma radius opindika ndi ochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kuchepe kwambiri, ntchito ya PON yosakhazikika, kutsika pang'onopang'ono komanso kusweka kwa fiber pamalopo. ITU-T idatulutsa muyezo wa G.657 kuti ithetse vutoli, pofotokoza mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya ulusi wosamva bwino wopindika: G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2.
Mainjiniya ambiri a maukonde, makontrakitala a mapulojekiti, ndi ogwira ntchito yogula zinthu amakumana ndi mafunso ambiri: Kodi kusiyana kwenikweni kwaukadaulo pakati pa G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2 ndi kotani? Popeza amaoneka ofanana m'maso, bwanji kupewa kunyengedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zalembedwa molakwika? Ndi nkhani iti yomwe imasankha A1 ndipo ndi iti yomwe iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito A2? Mapulojekiti ambiri amakumana ndi zoopsa zobisika: kugwiritsa ntchito A1 m'malo opapatiza olemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulephera kuvomerezedwa, kukonza mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pogulitsa komanso mtengo wokwera wa projekiti yonse pakapita nthawi, ngakhale kuti mtengo woyamba wazinthu umasungidwa.
Nkhaniyi ikuyerekeza G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2 kuchokera ku magawo wamba a ITU‑T, kutayika kopindika, kuyanjana, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, kusanthula phindu la mtengo, zovuta zaukadaulo wamba ndi njira zotsimikizira kugula, kukuthandizani kusankha bwino ulusi wa FTTH, mawaya amkati, MDU ndi mapulojekiti a microduct.
1. Tanthauzo la Pakati & Ma Parameter Okhazikika a ITU-T
Zonse ziwiri za G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2 zili mu ulusi wa single mode wa Category A bend insensitivity, womwe umagwirizana ndi ulusi wakale wa G.652.D, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti diameter yofanana ya mode field, imatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji kapena kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yomwe ilipo ya G.652.D popanda kutayika kwakukulu kwa splicing. Ndi ulusi wa single mode wotsika kwambiri, wothandizira O/S/C/L multiband transmission, wogwirizana ndi PON, 10G PON, XGS PON ndi ma network olowera othamanga kwambiri amtsogolo.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu utali wocheperako wololedwa wopindika ndi chizindikiro cha kutayika kwa macrobending pansi pa kupindika kwa utali wocheperako, yofotokozedwa ndi ITU‑T G.657-2024 standardITU.
| Chizindikiro | G.657.A1 | G.657.A2 |
|---|---|---|
| Chodziwika bwino chopindika chocheperako | 10 mm | 7.5 mm |
| Kutayika kwa macrobending @15 mm radius, 10 turns, 1550 nm | ≤0.25 dB | ≤0.03 dB |
| Kutayika kwa macrobending @10 mm radius, 1 turn, 1550 nm | ≤0.75 dB | ≤0.10 dB |
| Kutayika kwa macrobending @7.5 mm radius, 1 turn, 1550 nm | Zomwe sizinafotokozedwe | ≤0.50 dB |
| Mzere wa gawo la mode@1310 nm | 8.6±0.4 μm | 8.6±0.4 μm |
| Kugwirizana | Yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi G.652.D | Yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi G.652.D |
| Mtengo wamba | Chiyambi | +8~15% kuposa A1 |
Chidziwitso Chofunika: Palibe kusiyana kooneka pakati pa ulusi wopanda kanthu wa G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2. Simungathe kuwasiyanitsa mwa kuphimba mtundu kapena mawonekedwe. Kuyesa kwa labotale kotsika kwa macrobending kokha ndiko kungatsimikizire mtundu weniweni. Ogulitsa ambiri oyipa amalemba G.657.A1 ngati G.657.A2 kuti apeze phindu lowonjezera, lomwe ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chobisika pantchito yogula.
2. Kuyerekeza kozama kwa magwiridwe antchito
2.1 Kukana kupindika & kutayika kwa kupindika kwa macro
Kutayika kwa macrobending ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa ulusi awiriwa. Ulusi ukapindika, gawo la kuwala limadzaza ndi ma cladding, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma radius achepe. Ma radius opindika ang'onoang'ono, zotsatira zake zimaonekera bwino.
G.657.A1 yakonzedwa bwino kuti igwire bwino ntchito yozungulira 10 mm. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma radius abwinobwino, magwiridwe ake amakhala okhazikika. Koma ikakakamizidwa kulowa mu 7.5 mm sharp bend, kutayika kwa macrobending kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PON link isakhale yofanana ndi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kubweretsa ONU yosakhazikika pa intaneti, kutayika kwa phukusi mwachisawawa, madandaulo othamanga pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, makamaka owonekera pansi pa 1550 nm ndi 1625 nm long wavelength signal.
G.657.A2 imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kapamwamba ka core cladding doping, imaletsa kwambiri kutuluka kwa kuwala pansi pa kupindika kwa ma radius ang'onoang'ono. Pa radius yopindika ya 15 mm, kutayika kwa macrobending ten-turn ndi ≤0.03 dB yokha, yotsika kwambiri kuposa A1. Imathandizira bwino ma radius ocheperako a 7.5 mm. Ngakhale wokhazikitsa apanga njira yakuthwa ya ngodya ya madigiri 90, kupindika pang'ono mkati mwa splice closure kapena bokosi lopapatiza la optical, kuchepetsa chizindikiro kumakhalabe pamlingo wotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito m'munda azitha kupirira kwambiri zomangamanga. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwamanja sikungayambitse kutayika kwakukulu kwa optical nthawi yomweyo.
2.2 Kugwirizana kwa netiweki ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma splicing
Zonse ziwiri za A1 ndi A2 zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa G.652.D mode‑field‑diameter. Akatswiri a kumunda amatha kulumikiza G.657.A1/A2 mwachindunji ndi ulusi wakale wa G.652.D mu netiweki yakunja kwa chomera. Palibe kusintha kwapadera kwa pulogalamu yolumikizira komwe kumafunika. Cholumikizira cha fusion chokhazikika bwino chingapeze phindu loyenera la splicing.
Malangizo othandiza pakupanga: Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana kuli bwino, mbali yotsala ya ulusi wodetsedwa, kudulidwa kosayenera kungayambitse kutayika kwakukulu kwa ma splicing. Pa ma splicing a ulusi wosakanikirana, zipangizo zoyezera bwino kwambiri komanso zoyezera nthawi zonse zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ulusiwo ndi wabwino.
2.3 Kudalirika kwa makina
Ulusi wonsewu umakwaniritsa muyezo wa makina wa 0.69 GPa wotsutsa kupsinjika kwa ITU T. Ponena za kukana kupsinjika, mphamvu ya makina yokhala ndi zokutira, palibe kusiyana koonekeratu. Kusiyanaku kumaonekera mu magwiridwe antchito olimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa makina pansi pa zochitika zopindika mobwerezabwereza. G.657.A2 imatha kupindika pang'ono pafupipafupi popanda chiopsezo chobisika cha ming'alu, yoyenera zochitika zomwe ulusi ungasinthidwe mobwerezabwereza ndikukonzedwanso pambuyo poyika.
2.4 Mtengo ndi momwe zinthu zilili
G.657.A1 ili ndi njira yosavuta yopangira, yokwanira padziko lonse lapansi, mtengo wokhazikika, yoyenera kugula mapulojekiti ambiri.
G.657.A2 imafuna kuwongolera bwino njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mtengo wa zinthu zopangira umakhala wokwera. M'misika ina, kupezeka kungakhale kochepa, nthawi yovomerezeka ya mawu ndi yochepa, kusinthasintha kwa mitengo kumakhala kwakukulu. Oyang'anira mapulojekiti ambiri amakonda kusankha A2 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika pamapulojekiti popanda kufunika kosintha pang'ono.
3. Kusanthula kwa Zochitika: Nthawi yoti musankhe G.657.A1, nthawi yoti musankhe G.657.A2
Sankhani G.657.A1 pazochitika izi
- Kuyika chingwe chotsika cha FTTH: kuyambira pa kabati yogawa zinthu mumsewu mpaka kukhoma lakunja kwa nyumba, njira yolowera ndi yotseguka, yopanda ngodya zakuthwa kwambiri pafupipafupi.
- Mawaya a MDU a nyumba yatsopano: malo okwanira a payipi, kapangidwe kake kamawongolera mosamala utali wopindika wa ≥10 mm.
- Mapulojekiti akuluakulu a zomangamanga okhala ndi bajeti yochepa, njira zambiri zimakhala zowongoka, koma magawo ocheperako pang'ono ndi opindika pang'ono.
- Ntchito yomanganso maukonde osakanikirana, kuphatikiza zinthu zambiri ndi ulusi wakunja kwa chomera wa G.652.D, kutsata momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito.
G.657.A1 imapereka mphamvu yokwanira yosagonja pamtengo wotsika wa zipangizo. Bola gulu lomanga likutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a 10 mm osachepera opindika, kukhazikika kwa netiweki kumatha kutsimikizika kwathunthu.
Muyenera kusankha G.657.A2 pazochitika izi
- Mawaya amkati okonzanso nyumba yakale: ngalande yopapatiza yobisika, kutembenuka kwakuthwa kwa ngodya ya khoma madigiri 90, malo ochepa olumikizirana mawaya.
- MDU yochuluka kwambiri, bokosi logawa la kuwala lochepa, kutseka kwa splice mkati mwake, mawaya a makabati okhala ndi malo ochepa.
- Kuyika ma duct ang'onoang'ono, jumper ya ulusi yomwe yatsekedwa kale mkati, ulusi wobisika mkati mwa khoma.
- Pulojekiti yokonzanso zinthu yokhala ndi khalidwe losalamulirika lomanga pamalopo: woyikirayo angapangitse kuti pakhale kupindika pang'ono kwambiri panthawi yomanga. Gwiritsani ntchito A2 kuti muwongolere kulekerera zolakwika za ulalo wonse.
- Netiweki ya makasitomala yofunikira kwambiri: kumanga mabizinesi, gulu lapamwamba, kupewa kukonza pambuyo pa malonda chifukwa cha kulephera kutayika.
Chikumbutso chofunikira: Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito G.657.A1 pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuti 7.5 mm igwire bwino ntchito, mutha kupambana mayeso olandirira fakitale, koma vuto lobisika lidzabuka patatha miyezi ingapo yogwira ntchito: kusintha kwa kutentha, kusamuka pang'ono kwa ulusi kudzatsogolera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa kutayika kwa macrobending, zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa ntchito. Vutoli ndi lovuta kulipeza pantchito yokonza tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azilipira ndalama zambiri za OPEX.
4. Mavuto amakampani onse ndi zolakwa zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri
Gawo 1 la ululu: Kuzindikira kolakwika
Ogula ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti amatha kusiyanitsa A1/A2 kudzera mu mawonekedwe a ulusi. Ndipotu, mawonekedwe a ulusi wopanda kanthu, mawonekedwe a jekete lakunja la chingwe sali osiyana. Chingwe cholembedwa molakwika chimakhala chovuta kuchichotsa polandira katundu, mavuto amabuka pokhapokha ntchito yomanga ikatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zokonzanso mbali ya polojekitiyi.
Gawo lachiwiri la ululu: Kusankha mopitirira muyeso kapena mopanda kutsimikizika
Zizolowezi ziwiri zolakwika zomwe zimafala:
- Zonse mu A2: Mosasamala kanthu za malo enieni ogwirira ntchito, zonse zimagulidwa G.657.A2, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa polojekiti ukwere kwambiri.
- Zonse mu A1: Yesetsani mosasamala mtengo, gwiritsani ntchito A1 pa kukonzanso nyumba yakale, yopapatiza komanso yopingasa. Chizindikiro chovomerezeka sichili chovomerezeka, kapena kusakhazikika kwa ntchito pambuyo pake kumachitika.
Malingaliro Olondola: Siyanitsani malinga ndi momwe njira ikuyendera pamalopo. Gawani malo a polojekiti: gwiritsani ntchito A1 pa gawo lotseguka, gwiritsani ntchito A2 pa gawo lolumikizira mawaya mkati, dziwani bwino mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Gawo lachitatu la ululu: Mndandanda wa Confuse G.657.A ndi mndandanda wa G.657.B
G.657.A1/A2 imasunga G.652.D yonse yogwirizana ndi kumbuyo, yoyenera netiweki yolumikizira ya FTTH. Ma waya a G.657.B2/B3 omwe ali mkati mwake ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mawaya afupiafupi, amasiyana ndi G.652.D, ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zomera kutali. Mainjiniya ambiri amasakaniza mndandanda wa A ndi mndandanda wa B, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chogwirizana ndi netiweki.
Chowawa 4: Musanyalanyaze lipoti la mayeso a batch mu kugula
Dongosolo logulira limawonetsa mtundu wa ulusi wokha, koma silifuna kuti wogulitsa apereke lipoti loyesa kutayika kwa macrobending. Ngati zinthu zabodza zalowa m'malo mwake, munthu amene wagwira ntchitoyo amataya zonse.
5. Njira zabwino zogulira ndi kugawa zinthu
- Chongani chiganizo chaukadaulo mu chikalata chogulira: Siyanitsani mtundu wa ulusi malinga ndi gawo laling'ono, osati kufotokozera mtundu umodzi wa polojekiti yonse.
- Funsani wogulitsa kuti apereke lipoti loyesa kutayika kwa macrobending, loyang'ana kwambiri pa 1550 nm macrobending loss index pansi pa 15 mm ndi 10 mm bending radius, iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira A1/A2 yeniyeni ndi yabodza.
- Ponena za kapangidwe kake: Ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito G.657.A2, musawononge mwadala utali wopindika pomanga. Kukana pang'ono kupindika ndi luso lolekerera zolakwika, osati kulimbikitsa khalidwe loipa la zomangamanga. Kapangidwe kokhazikika kake kayenera kutsatiridwa.
- Kuwerengera bajeti ya maulalo: Mukamapanga ulalo wa PON, sungani malire ena kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa macrobending, makamaka pa gawo la mawaya amkati.
- Mayeso Ovomerezeka: Sikuti amangoyesa kutayika kwa kulumikizana konse, komanso amasamalanso za kutalika kwa mafunde (1550 nm, 1625 nm). Kutalika kwa mafunde kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutayika kwa macrobending, ndipo kumatha kuwonetsa bwino vuto lobisika la mafunde.
6. Chidule
G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2 zonse ndi ulusi wa single-mode womwe sukhudzidwa ndi mafunde amakono a FTTx. G.657.A1 imayang'ana kwambiri chingwe cha FTTH chotsika komanso malo opindika pang'ono, ndi phindu lodziwikiratu; G.657.A2 imayang'ana kwambiri malo opapatiza, kukonzanso nyumba zakale, malo olumikizira mawaya ambiri mkati, kupereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma microbending komanso kulekerera zolakwika pakupanga, pamtengo wokwera kwambiri.
Palibe chabwino kwambiri pakati pa G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2. Cholinga chachikulu pakusankha ndikufananiza magwiridwe antchito a fiber ndi momwe imayikidwira. Kufunafuna zinthu mwachangu kapena mopitirira muyeso pamtengo wotsika kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha polojekiti. Mainjiniya ndi oyang'anira kugula zinthu ayenera kuphatikiza momwe zinthu zilili, kukonzanso kapena kumanga kwatsopano, luso la gulu lomanga, komanso bajeti ya polojekiti kuti apange chisankho choyenera. Pakadali pano, limbitsani kutsimikizira zinthu zomwe zikubwera, samalani ndi chiopsezo cha zinthu zomwe zalembedwa molakwika, pewani kutayika kwakukulu mukamaliza kuyika chingwe.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ogwirizanitsa makina ndi ogula mawaya, kudziwa kusiyana kwa G.657.A1 ndi G.657.A2 kumathandiza kukonza kukhazikika kwa netiweki, kuwongolera mtengo wonse wa moyo, komanso kuchepetsa ntchito yokonza pambuyo pogulitsa FTTH.
