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Isizinda Sokukhiqiza
Indlu Yokugcina Izinto Nokuthuthwa Kwezimpahla
Ikhwalithi
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
I-G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Ukuqhathanisa Okuphelele Kwe-Fiber Yemodi Eyodwa Engazweli
2026-08-06
Izintambo zangaphakathi ze-FTTH, FTTB, MDU, izintambo zangaphakathi zeyunithi eziningi, izintambo zedatha ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokufakwa kwe-microduct kubeke phambili izidingo eziqinile zokusebenza kokugoba kwefayibha. Ifayibha ye-single mode ye-G.652.D yendabuko izokhiqiza ukulahlekelwa okusobala kokugoba kwe-macro lapho i-radius yokugoba incane kakhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-optical, isevisi ye-PON engazinzile, ukuyeka okungenazikhawu kanye nokuqhekeka kwefayibha endaweni. I-ITU T ikhiphe indinganiso ye-G.657 ukuxazulula leli phuzu lobuhlungu, ichaza izinhlobo ezimbili zefayibha ezingezwani nokugoba ezihambisanayo: G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2.
Onjiniyela abaningi benethiwekhi, osonkontileka bephrojekthi kanye nabasebenzi bokuthenga babhekene nemibuzo ehlukahlukene: Iyini igebe langempela lobuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-G.657.A1 ne-G.657.A2? Njengoba zibukeka zifana, ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohliswa yimikhiqizo ebhalwe kabi? Yisiphi isimo esikhetha i-A1 nokuthi yisiphi okumele sisebenzise i-A2? Amaphrojekthi amaningi abhekana nezingozi ezifihliwe zezinkinga: ukusebenzisa i-A1 endaweni encane egoba kakhulu, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokwamukelwa, ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe ngemva kokuthengisa kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zephrojekthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ngabe izindleko zokuqala zezinto zigcinwa.
Lesi sihloko siqhathanisa i-G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2 kusuka kumapharamitha ajwayelekile e-ITU‑T, ukulahlekelwa kokugoba, ukuhambisana, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo zezindleko, izihibe zobunjiniyela ezijwayelekile kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthengwa, okukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ifayibha efanele ye-FTTH, izintambo zangaphakathi, i-MDU kanye namaphrojekthi e-microduct.
1. Incazelo Eyinhloko kanye namapharamitha Ajwayelekile e-ITU‑T
Zombili i-G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2 zingaphansi kwe-fibre yemodi eyodwa egobile engezwani ne-Category A, ehambisana ngokuphelele ne-fibre yakudala ye-G.652.D, okusho ukuthi i-diameter yensimu yemodi efanayo, ingaxhunywa ngqo noma ixhunywe nenethiwekhi ekhona ye-G.652.D ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-splicing ephezulu kakhulu. Ziyi-fibre yemodi eyodwa ephansi, esekela ukudluliselwa kwe-O/S/C/L multiband, evumelana ne-PON, i-10G PON, i-XGS PON kanye namanethiwekhi okufinyelela kwe-optical asheshayo.
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu useku- irediyasi yokugoba evumelekile okungenani kanye nenkomba yokulahlekelwa kwe-macrobending ngaphansi kokugoba kwerediyasi encane, kuchazwe yi-ITU‑T G.657-2024 standardITU.
| Ipharamitha | G.657.A1 | G.657.A2 |
|---|---|---|
| Irediyasi yokugoba encane ecacisiwe | 10 mm | 7.5 mm |
| Ukulahleka kwe-Macrobending @15 mm radius, amajika ayi-10, 1550 nm | ≤0.25 dB | ≤0.03 dB |
| Ukulahleka kwe-Macrobending @10 mm radius, ukujika okungu-1, 1550 nm | ≤0.75 dB | ≤0.10 dB |
| Ukulahleka kwe-Macrobending @7.5 mm radius, ukujika okungu-1, 1550 nm | Akucacisiwe | ≤0.50 dB |
| Ububanzi benkambu yemodi @ 1310 nm | 8.6±0.4 μm | 8.6±0.4 μm |
| Ukuhambisana | Ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-G.652.D | Ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-G.652.D |
| Izindleko ezijwayelekile ezilinganiselwe | Isisekelo | +8~15% ngaphezulu kune-A1 |
Inothi elibalulekile: Akukho mehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwe-fiber engenalutho ye-G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2. Awukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokumboza umbala noma ukubukeka. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu yokulahlekelwa yi-macrobending kuphela okungaqinisekisa imodeli yangempela. Abaphakeli abaningi ababi babiza i-G.657.A1 ngokuthi i-G.657.A2 ukuze bathole inzuzo eyengeziwe, okuyingozi enkulu efihliwe emsebenzini wokuthenga.
2. Ukuqhathanisa okujulile kokusebenza
2.1 Ukumelana nokugoba kanye nokulahlekelwa ukugoba okukhulu
Ukulahleka kokugoba kwe-macro kuyinkomba eyinhloko ehlukanisa lezi zindwangu ezimbili. Lapho i-fiber igoba, ingxenye yesignali yokukhanya idlula kakhulu, okwenza kube nokuncishiswa. Uma i-radius encane igoba, umphumela wokugoba osobala kakhulu.
I-G.657.A1 ilungiselelwe i-radius yokugoba okungenani engu-10 mm. Ngaphansi kokwakhiwa kwe-radius evamile, ukusebenza kwayo kuzinzile. Kodwa uma iphoqelelwa ekugobeni okubukhali okungu-7.5 mm, ukulahlekelwa kwe-macrobending kukhuphuka kakhulu, okuzocindezela isabelomali sesixhumanisi se-PON sidlule ibanga, kulethe i-ONU engazinzile ku-inthanethi, ukulahleka kwephakethe okungahleliwe, isikhalazo sesivinini esisheshayo esivela kubasebenzisi bokugcina, ikakhulukazi esisobala ngaphansi kwesignali ye-wavelength ende engu-1550 nm kanye no-1625 nm.
I-G.657.A2 isebenzisa umklamo we-doping we-core cladding othuthukisiwe, ivimbela kakhulu ukuvuza kokukhanya ngaphansi kokugoba kwe-radius encane. Ku-radius yokugoba engu-15 mm, ukulahlekelwa kwe-macrobending okujika kayishumi kungama-≤0.03 dB kuphela, okuphansi kakhulu kune-A1. Isekela ngokuqinile i-radius yokugoba okungenani engu-7.5 mm. Ngisho noma umfakisi enza umzila wekona obukhali wamadigri angu-90, ukugoba okuqinile ngaphakathi kokuvalwa kwe-splice noma ibhokisi le-optical elingusayizi omncane, ukuncishiswa kwesignali kuhlala kusezingeni eliphansi, okuletha ukubekezelelana okuphezulu kokwakhiwa kwabasebenzi basensimini. Ngisho nokusebenza okungafanele ngesandla ngeke kubangele ngokushesha ukwehluleka okukhulu kokulahleka kokukhanya.
2.2 Ukuhambisana kwenethiwekhi kanye nokusebenza kokuhlanganisa
Kokubili i-A1 ne-A2 zihambisana nobubanzi bensimu yemodi ye-G.652.D. Ochwepheshe basensimini bangaxhumanisa ngqo i-G.657.A1/A2 nefayibha ye-G.652.D endala kunethiwekhi yesitshalo sangaphandle. Akukho ukuguqulwa okukhethekile kohlelo lokuxhumanisa okudingekayo. I-splicer evamile yokuhlanganisa elinganisiwe ingathola inani lokulahlekelwa kokuxhumanisa elifanelekile.
Icebiso lokwakha eliwusizo: Nakuba ukuhambisana kuhle, ubuso bokugcina befayibha engcolile, ikhwalithi yokusika engeyinhle isazobangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuxhuma. Ngokuxhumanisa uhlobo lwefayibha exubile, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini yokuxhuma eqondile kanye nemishini yokuxhumanisa ehlanganisiwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumanisa.
2.3 Ukuthembeka kwemishini
Zombili lezi zindwangu zihlangabezana nezinga lomshini lokumelana nokucindezeleka elingu-0.69 GPa le-ITU T. Ngokuphathelene nokumelana nokucindezelwa, isici somshini songqimba lokumboza, akukho sikhala esicacile. Umehluko ubonakala ekusebenzeni kokumelana nokucindezeleka komshini ngaphansi kwezimo zokugoba okubukhali okuphindaphindiwe. I-G.657.A2 ingathwala ukugoba okuncane okuvame kakhulu ngaphandle kwengozi efihliwe yokuqhekeka, efanele izimo lapho indwangu ingalungiswa futhi ihlelwe kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe ngemva kokufakwa.
2.4 Isimo sezindleko kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka
I-G.657.A1 inenqubo yokukhiqiza elula, ukuphakelwa okwanele komhlaba wonke, intengo ezinzile, efanelekile ekuthengweni kwephrojekthi enkulu ngobuningi.
I-G.657.A2 idinga ukulawulwa okuqondile kwenqubo yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ziphakeme. Emijikelezweni ethile yemakethe, ukunikezwa kungaba kuncane, isikhathi sokusebenza kwekhotheshini sifushane, ukuguquguquka kwentengo kukhulu. Abaphathi abaningi bephrojekthi bavame ukukhetha i-A2 kuzo zonke izimo, okuletha imfucuza yezindleko engadingekile kumaphrojekthi ngaphandle kwesidingo esincane sokugoba.
3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesimo Sokusetshenziswa: Isikhathi sokukhetha i-G.657.A1, isikhathi sokukhetha i-G.657.A2
Khetha i-G.657.A1 kulezi zimo
- Ukufakwa kwekhebula elijwayelekile le-FTTH: kusukela kukhabhinethi yokusabalalisa emgwaqweni kuya odongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo, indlela yokudlulisela ivulekile, ngaphandle kwamakhona abukhali kakhulu avamile.
- Izintambo ze-MDU zesakhiwo esisha: isikhala esanele sepayipi, imininingwane yokwakha ilawula ngokuqinile irediyasi yokugoba ≥10 mm.
- Amaphrojekthi amakhulu obunjiniyela bezokwakha anesabelomali esincane, imizila eminingi iqondile, izingxenye ezithambile kuphela.
- Iphrojekthi yokwakha kabusha inethiwekhi exubile, ukuhlanganisa ngobuningi ne-G.652.D ekhona ngaphandle kwesitshalo, kulandelwa ibhalansi yokusebenza kwezindleko.
I-G.657.A1 inikeza ikhono elifanelekile lokungazweli ukugoba ngezindleko eziphansi zezinto zokwakha. Uma nje ithimba lokwakha lilandela ngokuqinile imininingwane yerediyasi yokugoba okungenani engu-10 mm, ukuzinza kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kungaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele.
Kumelwe ukhethe i-G.657.A2 kulezi zimo
- Izintambo zangaphakathi zokuvuselela izakhiwo ezindala: umsele omncane ofihliwe, ukujika okubukhali kwekhoneni lodonga okungamadigri angu-90, isikhala esincane sezintambo.
- I-MDU enabantu abaningi, ibhokisi lokusabalalisa elibonakalayo elincane, ukuvala kwe-splice ngaphakathi, izintambo zekhabhinethi ezinesikhala esilinganiselwe.
- Ukufakwa kwe-microduct, i-jumper ye-fiber eqediwe ngaphakathi endlini, i-fiber egqitshwe odongeni.
- Iphrojekthi yokulungisa kabusha enekhwalithi yokwakha engalawuleki endaweni: umfakisi angase akhiqize ukugoba okuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwakha. Sebenzisa i-A2 ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelela amaphutha kwesixhumanisi sonke.
- Inethiwekhi yamakhasimende edinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu: ukwakha amabhizinisi, umphakathi osezingeni eliphezulu, gwema ukulungiswa kwangemva kokuthengisa okubangelwa ukwehluleka kokulahlekelwa okugobile.
Isikhumbuzo Esibalulekile: Uma usebenzisa i-G.657.A1 ezimweni ezidinga ukusebenza kahle kokugoba okungu-7.5 mm, ungase uphumelele ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwefektri, kodwa inkinga efihliwe izovela ngemva kwezinyanga zokusebenza: ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukufuduka okuncane kwefayibha kuzoholela ekwandeni kancane kancane kokulahlekelwa yi-macrobending, okubangela ukwehluleka kwesevisi. Leli phutha kunzima ukulithola emsebenzini wokulungisa wansuku zonke, okuletha izindleko eziphezulu ze-OPEX kubasebenzi.
4. Amaphuzu abuhlungu embonini yonke kanye namaphutha ajwayelekile
Iphuzu lobuhlungu 1: Ukukhohlisa kokuhlonza okubonakalayo
Abathengi abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-A1/A2 ngokubukeka kwefayibha. Eqinisweni, ukugqoka kwefayibha engenalutho, ukubukeka kwejazi lekhebula langaphandle akunawo umehluko. Ikhebula elibhalwe kabi kunzima ukulihlola lapho kutholwa izimpahla, izinkinga zivela kuphela ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa, okuletha izindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa kabusha ohlangothini lwephrojekthi.
Iphuzu lobuhlungu 2: Ukukhetha okucacile noma okungaphansi kokuchazwa
Imikhuba emibili evamile engalungile:
- Konke ku-A2: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokusetshenziswa injani, konke kuthengwa yi-G.657.A2, okubangela ukwanda kwezindleko zephrojekthi okungadingekile.
- Konke ku-A1: Phishekela izindleko eziphansi ngokungacabangi, sebenzisa i-A1 esimweni sokuvuselela indlu endala, esinomugqa omncane wepayipi elisindayo. Inkomba yokwamukelwa ayifaneleki, noma kwenzeka ukungazinzile kwenkonzo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuqonda okulungile: Hlukanisa ngokwesimo sangempela somzila endaweni. Hlukanisa indawo yephrojekthi: sebenzisa i-A1 engxenyeni yomzila ovulekile, sebenzisa i-A2 engxenyeni yokuxhumanisa isikhala esincane ngaphakathi, qaphela ibhalansi yezindleko nokusebenza.
Iphuzu lobuhlungu 3: Uchungechunge lwe-Confuse G.657.A kanye nochungechunge lwe-G.657.B
I-G.657.A1/A2 igcina ukuhambisana okuphelele kwe-G.652.D emuva, ifanela inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ye-FTTH. Intambo ye-G.657.B2/B3 eqondile i-radius encane kakhulu egoba ngaphakathi, inkomba engaphelele ihluka ku-G.652.D, ayifanele indawo yokuxhumanisa izitshalo ekude ngaphandle. Onjiniyela abaningi baxuba uchungechunge lwe-A kanye nochungechunge lwe-B, okubangela ingozi yokuhambisana kuphrojekthi yokwakha kabusha inethiwekhi i-ITU.
Iphuzu lobuhlungu 4: Unganaki umbiko wokuhlolwa kweqembu ekuthengweni
I-oda lokuthenga liphawula uhlobo lwefayibha kuphela, kodwa alidingi ukuthi umhlinzeki ahlinzeke ngombiko wokuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa yi-batch macrobending. Uma sekukhona ukushintshwa komgunyathi, iqembu lephrojekthi lithwala konke ukulahlekelwa.
5. Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuthenga nokusabalalisa ezingokoqobo
- Isigaba sobuchwepheshe esicacile kudokhumenti yokuthenga: Hlukanisa uhlobo lwefayibha ngokwesimo esincane, hhayi ukucacisa imodeli eyodwa ngokufanayo yephrojekthi yonke.
- Dinga umhlinzeki ukuthi anikeze umbiko wokuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kwe-macrobending ohambisanayo, agxile ku-1550 nm macrobending loss index ngaphansi kwe-15 mm kanye ne-10 mm bending radius, lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlonza i-A1/A2 eyiqiniso nengamanga.
- Ngokwencazelo yokwakha: Ngisho noma usebenzisa i-G.657.A2, ungabhubhisi ngokungadingekile i-radius egobayo ekwakheni. Ukumelana nokugoba okuncane kuwukubekezelela amaphutha, akukhuthazi ukuziphatha okubi kokwakha. Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kusazolandelwa.
- Ukubalwa kwesabelomali sezixhumanisi: Uma uklama isixhumanisi se-PON, gcina i-attenuation margin ethile yokulahlekelwa yi-macrobending, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sezintambo zangaphakathi.
- Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa: Akugcini nje ngokuhlola ukulahlekelwa kwesixhumanisi sonke, kodwa futhi naka inani lokuncipha kwe-wavelength ende (1550 nm, 1625 nm). I-wavelength ende ibucayi kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kwe-macrobending, ingaveza kahle iphutha elifihliwe lokugoba.
6. Isifinyezo
I-G.657.A1 kanye ne-G.657.A2 zombili ziyi-fiber yemodi eyodwa egobile engezwani nokugoba okuvuthiwe kwenethiwekhi yesimanje ye-FTTx. I-G.657.A1 ihlose ikhebula elijwayelekile le-FTTH kanye nendawo yokugoba okumaphakathi, ngenzuzo esobala yezindleko; I-G.657.A2 iqondiswe endaweni encane, ukuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo esidala, indawo yokuxhuma izintambo zangaphakathi enobuningi obuphezulu, enikeza ukusebenza okuqinile kokulwa ne-macrobending kanye nokubekezelela amaphutha okwakha okuphezulu, ngentengo ephezulu.
Akukho okungcono kakhulu phakathi kwe-G.657.A1 ne-G.657.A2. Ingqikithi yokukhetha ukufanisa ukusebenza kwefayibha nesimo sokufakwa kwangempela. Ukuphishekela ngokungaboni ukuphishekela okuphezulu noma ngokweqile izindleko eziphansi kuzoletha ingozi yephrojekthi. Onjiniyela kanye nabaphathi bokuthenga kudingeka bahlanganise isimo sepayipi, ukulungiswa noma ukwakhiwa okusha, ikhono lethimba lokwakha, isabelomali sephrojekthi ukuze benze izinqumo ezinengqondo. Okwamanje, qinisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezingenayo, qapha ingozi yomkhiqizo obhalwe kabi, gwema ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngemva kokuqedwa kwekhebula.
Kubasebenzisi, abahlanganisi bezinhlelo kanye nabathengi bekhebula, ukuqonda umehluko we-G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2 kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi, ukulawula izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila okuphelele, nokunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi wokulungisa ngemuva kokuthengisa wephrojekthi ye-FTTH.
