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Aika Tambaya don Sauke Takardar Bayanan Samfurin

G.657.A1 da G.657.A2: Kwatancen Fiber Mai Nauyi Guda ɗaya Mai Lanƙwasa

2026-08-06
Wayoyin cikin gida na FTTH, FTTB, da MDU masu zaman kansu da yawa, ƙananan kebul na cibiyar bayanai da kuma jigilar bututun micro sun gabatar da tsauraran buƙatu don aikin lanƙwasa fiber. Fiber na gargajiya na G.652.D mai yanayi ɗaya zai haifar da asara ta macrobending a bayyane lokacin da radius mai lanƙwasa ya yi ƙanƙanta, wanda ke haifar da raguwar gani mai yawa, sabis na PON mara ƙarfi, raguwar lokaci-lokaci har ma da karyewar fiber a wurin. ITU‑T ta fitar da ma'aunin G.657 don magance wannan matsalar, tana bayyana nau'ikan fiber guda biyu masu jituwa da baya-baya-marasa hankali: G.657.A1 da G.657.A2.
Yawancin injiniyoyin cibiyar sadarwa, 'yan kwangilar ayyuka da ma'aikatan sayayya suna fuskantar ƙalubalen gama gari: Menene ainihin gibin fasaha tsakanin G.657.A1 da G.657.A2? Tunda suna kama da juna a gani, ta yaya za a guji yaudarar samfuran da aka yiwa alama ba daidai ba? Wane yanayi ne ya zaɓi A1 kuma wanne dole ne ya yi amfani da A2? Ayyuka da yawa suna fuskantar haɗarin matsaloli masu ɓoye: amfani da A1 a cikin yanayi mai kunkuntar yanayi mai lanƙwasa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar karɓuwa, sake gyara bayan tallace-tallace da kuma ƙarin jimlar kuɗin aikin a cikin dogon lokaci, duk da cewa an adana farashin kayan farko.
Wannan labarin ya kwatanta G.657.A1 da G.657.A2 daga ma'aunin daidaitattun ITU‑T, asarar lanƙwasawa, dacewa, yanayin aikace-aikace, nazarin fa'idodin farashi, matsalolin injiniya na yau da kullun da hanyoyin tabbatar da sayayya, yana taimaka muku yin zaɓin fiber daidai don ayyukan FTTH, wayoyi na cikin gida, MDU da ƙananan bututu.
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1. Ma'anar Ma'ana & Sigogi na ITU‑T na yau da kullun

Dukansu G.657.A1 da G.657.A2 suna cikin zare ɗaya mai lanƙwasa na Nau'i-A, wanda ya dace da zaren G.652.D na gargajiya, wanda ke nufin diamita na filin daidaitawa, ana iya haɗa shi kai tsaye ko a haɗa shi da hanyar sadarwa ta G.652.D da aka tura ba tare da asarar haɗin gwiwa mai yawa ba. Su ne zare ɗaya mai ƙarancin ruwa, suna tallafawa watsawa na O/S/C/L mai yawa, suna daidaitawa da PON, 10G PON, XGS-PON da hanyoyin sadarwa masu saurin gani na gaba.
Babban bambanci mafi mahimmanci yana cikin mafi ƙarancin radius mai lanƙwasawa da ma'aunin asarar macrobending da aka yarda da shi a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin lanƙwasa radius, ma'anar ITU-T G.657-2024 standardITU.
Sigogi G.657.A1 G.657.A2
Ƙayyadadden ƙaramin radius na lanƙwasa 10 mm 7.5 mm
Asarar Macrobending @ radius 15 mm, juyawa 10, 1550 nm ≤0.25 dB ≤0.03 dB
Asarar Macrobending @ radius 10 mm, juyawa 1, 1550 nm ≤0.75 dB ≤0.10 dB
Asarar Macrobending @ radius 7.5 mm, juyawa 1, 1550 nm Ba a kayyade ba ≤0.50 dB
Diamita na filin yanayi @ 1310 nm 8.6±0.4 μm 8.6±0.4 μm
Daidaituwa Cikakken bin ƙa'ida ga G.652.D Cikakken bin ƙa'ida ga G.652.D
Farashin dangi na yau da kullun Tushen tushe +8 ~ 15% sama da A1
Bayani mai mahimmanci: Babu wani bambanci na gani tsakanin zare mara launi na G.657.A1 da G.657.A2. Ba za ka iya bambance su ta hanyar launi ko bayyanar da aka shafa ba. Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na asarar macrobending kawai zai iya tabbatar da ainihin samfurin. Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki marasa kyau suna laƙaba G.657.A1 a matsayin G.657.A2 don samun ƙarin riba, wanda babban haɗari ne a cikin aikin siye.

2. Kwatanta aiki mai zurfi

2.1 Juriyar lanƙwasawa da asarar macrobending

Asarar macrobending ita ce ma'aunin asali da ke bambanta waɗannan zaruruwa biyu. Lokacin da zaren ya lanƙwasa, wani ɓangare na siginar haske yana cika rufin, yana haifar da raguwa. Ƙaramin radius mai lanƙwasawa, shine mafi kyawun tasirin ambaliya.
An inganta G.657.A1 don mafi ƙarancin radius mai lanƙwasa 10 mm. A ƙarƙashin tsarin radius na yau da kullun, aikinsa yana da ƙarfi. Amma idan aka tilasta shi ya shiga lanƙwasa mai kaifi 7.5 mm, asarar macrobending tana ƙaruwa sosai, wanda zai tura kasafin kuɗin haɗin PON daga nesa, ya kawo rashin daidaituwar ONU akan layi, asarar fakiti bazuwar, koke-koke a hankali daga masu amfani, musamman a bayyane yake a ƙarƙashin siginar tsawon 1550 nm da 1625 nm.
G.657.A2 ya rungumi tsarin doping na tsakiya mai zurfi, yana danne kwararar haske sosai a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin lanƙwasa radius. A radius mai lanƙwasa 15 mm, asarar macrobending mai juyawa 10-juya tana ≤0.03 dB kawai, ƙasa da A1 sosai. Yana tallafawa radius mai lanƙwasa mafi ƙarancin digiri 7.5 mm. Ko da lokacin da mai sakawa ya yi hanyar kusurwa mai kaifi 90-digiri, rufewa a cikin manne ko ƙaramin akwatin gani, rage sigina yana ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙasa, yana kawo haƙurin gini mafi girma ga ma'aikatan filin. Ko da aikin hannu mara kyau ba zai haifar da babban gazawar asarar gani nan da nan ba.

2.2 Dacewar hanyar sadarwa da aikin haɗa abubuwa

Dukansu A1 da A2 sun dace da diamita na yanayin G.652.D. Masana fasaha na filin za su iya haɗa G.657.A1/A2 kai tsaye tare da tsohon zaren G.652.D a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta waje. Ba a buƙatar gyara na musamman na shirin haɗawa. Maƙallin haɗakar haɗin da aka daidaita na yau da kullun na iya samun ƙimar asarar haɗin da ta dace.
Shawara mai amfani game da amfani da kayan gini: Duk da cewa dacewa tana da kyau, kuma ƙarshen zare yana da datti, rashin ingancin yankewa zai haifar da asarar haɗin gwiwa mai yawa. Don haɗin zare mai gauraye, ana ba da shawarar sosai ga kayan aikin haɗin zare masu inganci da kuma kayan haɗin zare masu daidaitawa akai-akai don tabbatar da ingancin haɗin.

2.3 Amincin injina

Dukansu zare biyu sun cika ka'idar injina ta 0.69 GPa proof-stress na ITU-T. Dangane da juriyar tensile, da kuma ikon injina na Layer Layer, babu wani gibi a bayyane. Bambancin yana bayyana ne a cikin aikin juriya ga stress na inji a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kaifi mai maimaitawa. G.657.A2 na iya ɗaukar lanƙwasawa mai ƙanƙanta akai-akai ba tare da haɗarin fashewa ba, wanda ya dace da yanayi inda za a iya gyara zare akai-akai kuma a sake shirya shi bayan shigarwa.

2.4 Matsayin farashi da sarkar samar da kayayyaki

G.657.A1 yana da sauƙin tsarin kera kayayyaki, isasshen wadata a duniya, farashi mai ɗorewa, wanda ya dace da manyan ayyuka.
G.657.A2 yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa doping. Farashin kayan masarufi ya fi girma. A wasu lokutan kasuwa, wadatarwa na iya zama mai tsauri, lokacin ingancin farashi ya yi gajere, canjin farashi ya fi girma. Yawancin manajojin ayyuka suna zaɓar A2 don amfani da kowane yanayi, wanda ke haifar da ɓatar da kuɗi mara amfani ga ayyukan ba tare da buƙatar ƙaramar lanƙwasa ba.

3. Binciken Yanayi na Aikace-aikace: Lokacin da za a zaɓi G.657.A1, lokacin da za a zaɓi G.657.A2

Zaɓi G.657.A1 don waɗannan yanayi

  1. Tsarin kebul na FTTH na yau da kullun: daga kabad ɗin rarraba titi zuwa bangon gini na waje, hanyar hanya a buɗe take, ba tare da kusurwoyi masu kaifi ba akai-akai.
  2. Sabbin wayoyi na MDU na gini: isasshen sararin bututun mai, takamaiman aikin gini yana sarrafa radius mai lanƙwasa ≥10 mm sosai.
  3. Manyan ayyukan injiniyan farar hula tare da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi, yawancin hanyoyin suna madaidaiciya, sai dai sassan lanƙwasa kaɗan.
  4. Aikin sake gina hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri, haɗakarwa da zare na waje na G.652.D, wanda ke bin diddigin daidaiton aiki na farashi.
G.657.A1 yana ba da ƙwarewar lanƙwasa-marasa lanƙwasa a ƙananan farashin kayan aiki. Muddin ƙungiyar gini ta bi ƙa'idodin mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa-radius na 10 mm, za a iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na gudanar da hanyar sadarwa gaba ɗaya.

Dole ne a zaɓi G.657.A2 don waɗannan yanayi

  1. Gyaran tsoffin gine-gine wayoyi na cikin gida: kunkuntar hanyar sadarwa mai ɓoye, kusurwar bango mai kaifi digiri 90, da iyakataccen sararin wayoyi.
  2. MDU mai yawan yawa, ƙaramin akwatin rarrabawa na gani, rufewar haɗin gwiwa mai yawa na na'ura mai kauri, wayoyi masu iyaka na kabad.
  3. Tsarin shigar da bututun lantarki, na'urar jefa zare da aka riga aka gama aiki a cikin gida, da kuma zaren da aka binne a bango.
  4. Aikin sake gyarawa tare da ingancin ginin da ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba: mai sakawa na iya haifar da lanƙwasa mai yawa-ƙaramin-radius yayin gini. Yi amfani da A2 don inganta juriya ga duk hanyar haɗin.
  5. Bukatar ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta abokin ciniki: gina kamfani, al'umma mai inganci, guje wa gyara bayan tallace-tallace sakamakon gazawar lanƙwasawa.
Muhimmin tunatarwa: Idan ka yi amfani da G.657.A1 a cikin yanayi da ke buƙatar aikin lanƙwasawa na 7.5 mm, za ka iya cin jarabawar amincewa da masana'anta, amma matsala mai ɓoye za ta taso bayan watanni na aiki: canjin zafin jiki, ƙaramin canjin zare zai haifar da ƙaruwar asarar macrobending a hankali, wanda ke haifar da gazawar sabis. Wannan matsalar tana da wahalar ganowa a cikin aikin kula da aiki na yau da kullun, wanda ke kawo babban farashin OPEX ga masu aiki.

4. Matsalolin da suka shafi masana'antu na duniya da kurakurai na yau da kullun

Batun zafi na 1: Mafarkin gano gani

Mutane da yawa masu siye suna kuskuren yarda cewa za su iya bambance A1/A2 ta hanyar siffar zare. A gaskiya ma, rufin zare mara komai, kamannin jaket na waje na kebul ba su da wani bambanci. Kebul ɗin da aka yiwa alama mara kyau yana da wahalar tantancewa lokacin karɓar kaya, matsaloli suna tasowa ne kawai bayan kammala gini, wanda ke kawo babban kuɗin sake gyarawa ga ɓangaren aikin.

Mataki na 2 na Zafin Jiki: Zaɓin da ya wuce kima ko kuma wanda bai kai matsayin da ake buƙata ba

Abubuwa biyu marasa kyau da aka saba gani:
  1. Duk-cikin-A2: Ko da kuwa yanayin aiki ne na gaske, duk-sayarwa G.657.A2, yana haifar da ƙaruwar farashin aiki mara amfani.
  2. Duk-cikin-A1: Bi diddigin araha ba tare da an sani ba, yi amfani da A1 a cikin gyaran gida na tsohon gida, yanayin lanƙwasa mai nauyi. Ma'aunin karɓa bai cancanta ba, ko kuma rashin daidaiton sabis na lokaci-lokaci ya faru.
Daidaitaccen dabaru: Bambanta bisa ga yanayin hanyar sadarwa ta ainihin wurin. Raba yankin aikin: yi amfani da A1 don ɓangaren hanyar buɗewa, ɗauki A2 don ɓangaren wayar da ke cikin gida mai ƙunci, cimma daidaiton farashi da aiki.

Maki na 3: Rikici jerin G.657.A da jerin G.657.B

G.657.A1/A2 yana kiyaye cikakken jituwa ta G.652.D, wanda ya dace da hanyar sadarwa ta FTTH. G.657.B2/B3 yana da ƙananan wayoyi masu lanƙwasawa radius na cikin gida, ɓangaren fihirisa ya bambanta da G.652.D, bai dace da yanayin haɗin tsire-tsire na nesa ba. Injiniyoyin da yawa suna haɗa jerin A da jerin B, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin jituwa a aikin sake gina hanyar sadarwaITU.

Matsala ta 4: Yi watsi da rahoton gwajin rukuni a cikin sayayya

Odar siyayya tana nuna nau'in fiber ne kawai, amma ba ta buƙatar mai samar da kayayyaki ya bayar da rahoton gwajin asarar batch-macrobending. Da zarar an maye gurbin jabu, ɓangaren aikin zai fuskanci duk asara.

5. Mafi kyawun hanyoyin sayayya da aiwatarwa

  1. Bayyana ma'anar fasaha a cikin takardar siye: Rarraba nau'in fiber bisa ga ƙaramin yanayi, ba a ƙayyade samfuri ɗaya ga aikin gaba ɗaya ba.
  2. Ana buƙatar mai samar da kayayyaki ya samar da rahoton gwajin asarar macrobending daidai gwargwado, ya mai da hankali kan ma'aunin asarar macrobending 1550 nm a ƙarƙashin radius mai lanƙwasa 15 mm da 10 mm, wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci don gano gaskiya da ƙarya A1/A2.
  3. Don ƙayyadadden tsari: Ko da amfani da G.657.A2, kada a lalata radius mai lanƙwasa ba tare da izini ba a cikin gini. Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na ƙaramin lanƙwasawa ikon jure kurakurai ne, ba yana ƙarfafa mummunan ɗabi'ar gini ba. Har yanzu za a bi tsarin gini na yau da kullun.
  4. Lissafin kasafin kuɗi na haɗin gwiwa: Lokacin tsara hanyar haɗin PON, yi ajiyar wani gefen ragewa don asarar macrobending, musamman ga ɓangaren wayoyi na cikin gida.
  5. Gwajin Karɓa: Ba wai kawai gwada asarar haɗin-gwiwa gaba ɗaya ba, har ma da kula da ƙimar rage tsayin zango-(1550 nm, 1625 nm). Tsawon zangon zango ya fi saurin kamuwa da asarar macrobending, yana iya fallasa lahani na lanƙwasawa yadda ya kamata.

6. Takaitaccen Bayani

G.657.A1 da G.657.A2 dukkansu manyan na'urori ne masu lanƙwasa-la ...lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa
Babu wani abu mafi kyau tsakanin G.657.A1 da G.657.A2. Babban abin da ake buƙata shi ne daidaita aikin fiber da yanayin shigarwa na gaske. Neman takamaiman aiki ko kuma neman ƙarancin farashi mai yawa zai kawo haɗarin aiki. Injiniyoyi da manajojin sayayya suna buƙatar haɗa yanayin bututun mai, gyara ko sabon gini, iyawar ƙungiya a gini, da kasafin kuɗin aiki don yanke shawara mai ma'ana. A halin yanzu, ƙarfafa tabbatar da kayan da ke shigowa, kiyaye haɗarin samfura mara kyau, guje wa asara mai yawa bayan kammala saka kebul.
Ga masu aiki, masu haɗa tsarin da masu siyan kebul, sanin bambancin G.657.A1 da G.657.A2 yana taimakawa wajen inganta daidaiton hanyar sadarwa, sarrafa jimlar kuɗin zagayowar rayuwa, rage nauyin aikin gyaran bayan tallace-tallace na aikin FTTH.

Tuntube Mu, Sami Kayayyaki Masu Inganci da Sabis Mai Kulawa.

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