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Thumela uPhando ukuze ukhuphele iPhepha leDatha yeMveliso

G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Ukuthelekisa okupheleleyo kweFiber yeMowudi enye egobileyo

2026-08-06
I-FTTH, i-FTTB, i-MDU intambo yangaphakathi yeyunithi ezininzi, iintambo zedatha ezikomponenti kunye nokufakwa kwe-microduct kubeke phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza kwe-fiber bend. I-fiber ye-G.652.D yesiqhelo iya kuvelisa ilahleko ebonakalayo ye-macrobending xa i-radius bend incinci kakhulu, okubangela ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kwe-optical, inkonzo ye-PON engazinzile, ukuphuma okungapheliyo kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-fiber kwindawo. I-ITU-T ikhuphe umgangatho we-G.657 ukusombulula le ngongoma yentlungu, ichaza iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-fiber ezingenakuvakalelwa yi-backward-compatible bend-insensitive: G.657.A1 kunye neG.657.A2.
Iinjineli ezininzi zenethiwekhi, abakhi beeprojekthi kunye nabasebenzi bokuthenga bajongene nengxaki ebanzi: Yintoni umahluko wokwenyani wobuchwephesha phakathi kwe-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2? Ekubeni zifana ngembonakalo, ungakuphepha njani ukuqhathwa ziimveliso ezibhalwe ngendlela engafanelekanga? Ngowuphi umzekelo okhetha u-A1 kwaye ngowuphi omele usebenzise u-A2? Iiprojekthi ezininzi zijongene nemingcipheko efihlakeleyo yeengxaki: ukusebenzisa u-A1 kwindawo emxinwa egoba nzima, okukhokelela ekusileleni kokwamkelwa, ukugcinwa okuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuthengisa kunye neendleko eziphezulu zeprojekthi ekuhambeni kwexesha, nangona iindleko zokuqala zezinto zigcinwa.
Eli nqaku lithelekisa i-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2 kwiiparamitha ezisemgangathweni ze-ITU‑T, ilahleko yokugoba, ukuhambelana, iimeko zesicelo, uhlalutyo lwenzuzo yeendleko, imigibe yobunjineli eqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthengwa, okukunceda wenze ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwefayibha ye-FTTH, iingcingo zangaphakathi, i-MDU kunye neeprojekthi ze-microduct.
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1. Inkcazo engundoqo kunye neeParamitha ezisemgangathweni ze-ITU‑T

Zombini i-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2 zeze-Category A bend single mode fiber, ezihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-classic G.652.D fiber, oko kuthetha ukuba i-mode-field diameter ihambelana, inokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye idityaniswe nenethiwekhi ekhoyo ye-G.652.D ngaphandle kokulahleka kwe-splicing ephezulu kakhulu. Ziyi-low-water-peak single mode fiber, ezixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwe-O/S/C/L multi-band, ezihambelana ne-PON, i-10G PON, i-XGS PON kunye neenethiwekhi zokufikelela kwi-optical ezikhawulezayo ezizayo.
Umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ulele kwi ubuncinane berediyasi yokugoba evumelekileyo kunye nesalathisi sokulahleka kwe-macrobending phantsi kwe-radius encinci yokugoba, ichazwe yi-ITU‑T G.657-2024 standardITU.
Ipharamitha G.657.A1 G.657.A2
Irediyasi encinci yokugoba echaziweyo 10 mm 7.5 mm
Ukulahleka kwe-Macrobending kwi-radius eyi-15 mm, ii-turns ezili-10, i-1550 nm ≤0.25 dB ≤0.03 dB
Ukulahleka kwe-Macrobending @10 mm radius, i-turn e-1, i-1550 nm ≤0.75 dB ≤0.10 dB
Ukulahleka kweMacrobending @7.5 mm radius, 1 turn, 1550 nm Ayichazwanga ngqo ≤0.50 dB
Ububanzi bentsimi yemowudi @ 1310 nm 8.6±0.4 μm 8.6±0.4 μm
Ukuhambelana Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-G.652.D Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-G.652.D
Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo Isiseko +8~15% ngaphezulu kune-A1
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Akukho mahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwefayibha engenanto ye-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2. Awunakuzahlula ngombala okanye imbonakalo. Kuphela luvavanyo lwelabhoratri yokulahleka kwe-macrobending olunokuqinisekisa imodeli yokwenyani. Abathengisi abaninzi abangalunganga babiza i-G.657.A1 njenge-G.657.A2 ukuze bafumane inzuzo eyongezelelweyo, nto leyo eyingozi enkulu efihliweyo kumsebenzi wokuthenga.

2. Uthelekiso olunzulu lwentsebenzo

2.1 Ukumelana nokugoba kunye nokulahleka kokugoba kwe-macro

Ukulahleka kwe-macrobending yeyona nto iphambili eyahlula ezi fibre zimbini. Xa i-fiber igoba, inxalenye yesignali yokukhanya iyadlula i-cladding, nto leyo ebangela ukuncitshiswa. I-radius encinci yokugoba, kokukhona isiphumo sokugqithisa sibonakala ngakumbi.
I-G.657.A1 ilungiselelwe i-radius yokugoba eyi-10 mm ubuncinci. Phantsi kolwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwe-radius, ukusebenza kwayo kuzinzile. Kodwa xa inyanzeliswa kwi-7.5 mm sharp bend, ilahleko ye-macrobending inyuka kakhulu, nto leyo eya kutyhala ibhajethi ye-PON link ngaphandle koluhlu, izise i-ONU engazinzile kwi-intanethi, ilahleko yepakethi engacwangciswanga, izikhalazo zesantya esicothayo ezivela kubasebenzisi bokugqibela, ngakumbi ezicacileyo phantsi kwe-1550 nm kunye ne-1625 nm long wavelength signal.
I-G.657.A2 isebenzisa uyilo oluphambili lwe-core cladding doping, ithintela kakhulu ukuvuza kokukhanya phantsi kwe-small radius bending. Kwi-15 mm bending radius, ilahleko ye-ten-turn macrobending yi-≤0.03 dB kuphela, iphantsi kakhulu kune-A1. Ixhasa ngokuzinzileyo i-7.5 mm bending radius encinci. Nokuba umfaki wenza i-90 degrees corner routing ebukhali, i-compact coiling ngaphakathi kwe-splice closure okanye i-optical box encinci, i-signal attenuation ihlala ikwinqanaba eliphantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukunyamezelana okukhulu kokwakha kubasebenzi basentsimini. Nokuba ukusebenza ngesandla okungafanelekanga akuyi kubangela ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kokulahleka kokukhanya ngoko nangoko.

2.2 Ukuhambelana kwenethiwekhi kunye nokusebenza kokudibanisa

Zombini i-A1 kunye ne-A2 zihambelana nobubanzi bendlela ye-G.652.D. Iingcali zentsimi zinokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-G.657.A1/A2 kunye nefayibha ye-G.652.D endala kwinethiwekhi yesityalo sangaphandle. Akukho tshintsho lukhethekileyo lwenkqubo yokudityaniswa olufunekayo. I-système calibrated fusion splicer inokufumana ixabiso lokulahleka kwe-splicing elifanelekileyo.
Icebiso elisebenzayo lokwakha: Nangona ukuhambelana kulungile, isiphelo sefayibha engcolileyo, umgangatho ophantsi wokusika uya kubangela ilahleko ephezulu yokudibanisa. Kwi-mixed fiber splicing, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokudibanisa ezichanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa ezilinganisiweyo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokudibanisa.

2.3 Ukuthembeka koomatshini

Zombini iifayibha ezimbini zihlangabezana nomgangatho we-ITU T wokumelana noxinzelelo lwe-0.69 GPa. Ngokuphathelele ukumelana nokuxinana, ipropathi yoomatshini yomaleko wokugquma, akukho msantsa ucacileyo. Umahluko ubonakala ekusebenzeni kokumelana noxinzelelo lwe-mechanical phantsi kweemeko eziphindaphindwayo zokugoba okubukhali. I-G.657.A2 inokuthwala ukugoba okuncinci rhoqo ngaphandle komngcipheko ofihlakeleyo wokuqhekeka, ofanelekileyo kwiimeko apho ifayibha inokulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ihlelwe ngokutsha emva kokufakwa.

2.4 Imeko yeendleko kunye nobonelelo

I-G.657.A1 inenkqubo yokuvelisa elula, unikezelo olwaneleyo lwehlabathi, ixabiso elizinzileyo, elifanelekileyo ekuthengweni kweprojekthi enobunzima obukhulu.
I-G.657.A2 ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokusebenzisa i-doping. Ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza liphezulu. Kwimijikelo ethile yemarike, ukunikezelwa kwemveliso kusenokuba nzima, ixesha lokuqinisekiswa kwekowuteshini lifutshane, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kukhulu. Abaphathi abaninzi beeprojekthi badla ngokukhetha i-A2 kuzo zonke iimeko, nto leyo ebangela inkcitho yeendleko engeyomfuneko kwiiprojekthi ngaphandle kwemfuneko encinci yokuguqula.

3. Uhlalutyo lweMeko yoSetyenziso: Ixesha lokukhetha i-G.657.A1, ixesha lokukhetha i-G.657.A2

Khetha i-G.657.A1 kwezi meko

  1. Ukufakwa kwentambo ye-FTTH esezantsi: ukusuka kwikhabhathi yokusasazwa kwesitalato ukuya eludongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo, indlela yokuhambisa ivulekile, ngaphandle kweekona ezibukhali kakhulu rhoqo.
  2. Iingcingo ze-MDU zesakhiwo esitsha: indawo eyaneleyo yombhobho, ulwakhiwo lulawula ngokungqongqo i-radius egobileyo ≥10 mm.
  3. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zobunjineli bokwakha ezinohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci, uninzi lweendlela zithe tye, ziindawo ezithambileyo nezingenamsebenzi.
  4. Iprojekthi yokwakha ngokutsha inethiwekhi exutyiweyo, ukuhlanganiswa ngobuninzi kunye nefayibha yesityalo sangaphandle ye-G.652.D ekhoyo, ilandela ibhalansi yokusebenza kweendleko.
I-G.657.A1 inika amandla afanelekileyo okugoba ngexabiso eliphantsi lezinto zokwakha. Ukuba nje iqela lokwakha lilandela ngokungqongqo iinkcukacha ze-10 mm ubuncinci bokugoba, uzinzo lokusebenza kwenethiwekhi lunokuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo.

Kufuneka ukhethe i-G.657.A2 kwezi meko

  1. Iingcingo zangaphakathi zokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esidala: umjelo wombhobho ofihlakeleyo omxinwa, ukujika okubukhali kwekona yodonga ngama-90 degrees, indawo encinci yokufakelwa kweengcingo.
  2. I-MDU enoxinano oluphezulu, ibhokisi yokusasazwa kwe-optical encinci, i-splice closure internal dense coiling, i-wiring yekhabhinethi enesithuba esilinganiselweyo.
  3. Ukufakwa kwemibhobho emincinci, ijumper yefayibha epheliswe ngaphakathi, ifayibha egqunywe eludongeni.
  4. Iprojekthi yokulungisa izinto ngomgangatho ongalawulekiyo wokwakha kwindawo: umfakeli unokubangela ukugoba okuncinci kakhulu ngexesha lokwakha. Sebenzisa i-A2 ukuphucula ukunyamezela iimpazamo zekhonkco lonke.
  5. Inethiwekhi yabathengi efunekayo ukuthembeka okuphezulu: ukwakha amashishini, uluntu oluphezulu, kuphephe ukulungiswa emva kokuthengisa okubangelwa kukusilela kokulahlekelwa yimpahla.
Isikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo: Ukuba usebenzisa i-G.657.A1 kwiimeko ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-7.5 mm, ungaphumelela kuvavanyo lokwamkelwa kwefektri, kodwa ingxaki efihlakeleyo iya kuvela emva kweenyanga zokusebenza: utshintsho lobushushu, ukufuduka kwefayibha encinci kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kancinci kokulahleka kwe-macrobending, okubangela ukusilela kwenkonzo. Le mpazamo kunzima ukuyifumana kumsebenzi wokulungisa wemihla ngemihla, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu ze-OPEX kubaqhubi.

4. Iingxaki zoshishino jikelele kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo

Ingongoma yentlungu 1: Inkohliso yokubona izinto ezibonakalayo

Abathengi abaninzi ngempazamo bakholelwa ekubeni banokuhlulahlula i-A1/A2 ngokubonakala kwefayibha. Enyanisweni, ukugqunywa kwefayibha engenanto, ukubonakala kwejakethi yangaphandle yentambo akunamahluko. Intambo ebhalwe ngendlela engafanelekanga kunzima ukuyicoca xa ufumana iimpahla, iingxaki zivela kuphela emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukwakhiwa, nto leyo ebangela iindleko ezinkulu zokulungiswa kweprojekthi.

Ingongoma yentlungu 2: Ukukhetha okungaphezulu okanye okungaphantsi kokukhetha

Imikhwa emibini eqhelekileyo engalunganga:
  1. Konke kwi-A2: Nokuba imeko-bume yokusasazwa injani na, yonke into ifunyenwe yi-G.657.A2, nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka kweendleko zeprojekthi ngokungeyomfuneko.
  2. Konke kwi-A1: Zama ngexabiso eliphantsi ungacingi, sebenzisa i-A1 kwimeko yokuhlaziya indlu endala, enombhobho omxinwa onzima. Isalathisi sokwamkelwa asichanekanga, okanye kwenzeka ukungazinzi kwenkonzo yexesha elizayo.
Ingqiqo echanekileyo: Yahlula ngokwemeko yokwenyani yendlela kwindawo. Yahlulahlula indawo yeprojekthi: sebenzisa i-A1 kwindawo evulekileyo, sebenzisa i-A2 kwicandelo leentambo zangaphakathi ezimxinwa, qonda ibhalansi yeendleko kunye nokusebenza.

Ingongoma yentlungu 3: Uthotho lwe-Confuse G.657.A kunye nothotho lwe-G.657.B

I-G.657.A1/A2 igcina ukuhambelana okupheleleyo kwe-G.652.D ngasemva, ifanelekile kwinethiwekhi yokufikelela kwi-FTTH. I-G.657.B2/B3 ijolise kwi-radius encinci egobayo ngaphakathi kwimigama emfutshane, i-index engaphelelanga iyaphambuka kwi-G.652.D, ayifanelekanga kwindawo yokudibanisa izityalo ezikude ngaphandle. Iinjineli ezininzi zixuba uthotho lwe-A kunye nothotho lwe-B, nto leyo ebangela umngcipheko wokuhambelana kwiprojekthi yokwakha kwakhona inethiwekhi.

Ingongoma yentlungu 4: Musa ukuyihoya ingxelo yovavanyo lwebhetshi ekuthengeni

I-odolo yokuthenga ibonisa kuphela uhlobo lwefayibha, kodwa ayifuni ukuba umthengisi anike ingxelo yovavanyo lwelahleko ye-batch macrobending. Nje ukuba kufakwe enye into yobuxoki, iqela leprojekthi lithwala yonke ilahleko.

5. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuthenga nokusasaza izinto

  1. Isiqendu sobugcisa esicacileyo kuxwebhu lokuthenga: Yahlula uhlobo lwefayibha ngokwemeko engaphantsi, ungacacisi ngokufanayo imodeli enye yeprojekthi yonke.
  2. Funa umboneleli ukuba anike ingxelo yovavanyo lokulahleka kwe-macrobending ehambelanayo, agxile kwi-1550 nm macrobending loss index phantsi kwe-15 mm kunye ne-10 mm bending radius, le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuchonga i-A1/A2 eyinyani neyiyo.
  3. Ngokweenkcukacha zokwakha: Nokuba usebenzisa i-G.657.A2, musa ukutshabalalisa i-radius egobileyo ngokungakhethiyo ekwakheni. Ukumelana nokugoba okuncinci kukunyamezela iimpazamo, akukhuthazi ukuziphatha okubi kokwakha. Ukwakhiwa okuqhelekileyo kusafanele kulandelwe.
  4. Ubalo lwebhajethi yeekhonkco: Xa uyila ikhonkco le-PON, gcina umda othile wokunciphisa ilahleko ye-macrobending, ingakumbi kwicandelo leentambo zangaphakathi.
  5. Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa: Akuvavanyi nje kuphela ilahleko yekhonkco iyonke, kodwa qwalasela nexabiso lokunciphisa ubude begagasi (1550 nm, 1625 nm). Ubude begagasi bunovelwano ngakumbi kwilahleko ye-macrobending, bunokuveza isiphene esifihlakeleyo sokugoba ngempumelelo.

6. Isishwankathelo

I-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2 zombini ziifayibha ze-single-mode ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwinethiwekhi yanamhlanje ye-FTTx. I-G.657.A1 ijolise kwintambo ye-FTTH drop kunye nendawo yokugoba ephakathi, kunye nenzuzo ecacileyo yeendleko; I-G.657.A2 ijolise kwindawo encinci, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esidala, indawo yocingo oluxineneyo lwangaphakathi, inika ukusebenza okunamandla okulwa ne-macrobending kunye nokunyamezelana kweziphene zokwakha, ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Akukho nto ingcono phakathi kwe-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2. Eyona nto iphambili ekukhetheni kukudibanisa ukusebenza kwefayibha kunye nemeko yokufakelwa yokwenyani. Ukusukela ngokungaboniyo ukufuna ixabiso eliphezulu okanye eligqithisileyo leendleko eziphantsi kuya kuzisa umngcipheko weprojekthi. Iinjineli kunye nabaphathi bokuthenga kufuneka badibanise imeko yepayipi, ukuhlaziya okanye ukwakha okutsha, amandla okwakha amaqela, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi ukuze benze isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Okwangoku, yomeleza ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezingenayo, lumkela umngcipheko wemveliso ebhalwe kakubi, uphephe ilahleko enkulu emva kokugqitywa kokufakwa kweentambo.
Kwabaqhubi, abahlanganisi beenkqubo kunye nabathengi beentambo, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-G.657.A1 kunye ne-G.657.A2 kunceda ukuphucula uzinzo lwenethiwekhi, ukulawula iindleko zomjikelo wobomi, ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi wolondolozo emva kokuthengisa weprojekthi ye-FTTH.

Qhagamshelana Nathi, Fumana Iimveliso Ezisemgangathweni kunye Nenkonzo Ecokisekileyo.

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