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G.657.A1 vs G.657.A2: Igereranya ryuzuye rya Fiber y'uburyo bumwe idafite ubwivumbure
2026-08-06
Insinga zo mu nzu za FTTH, FTTB, MDU, imiyoboro myinshi y’amashanyarazi, insinga nto z’itumanaho hamwe no gushyiraho imiyoboro mito bitanga ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo fibre ikore neza. Fibre gakondo ya G.652.D izatera igihombo gikomeye mu gihe radius yo mu mazi ari nto cyane, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka gukabije kw’amajwi, serivisi ya PON idahindagurika, gucikamo ibice ndetse no gucikamo ibice by’amazi aho byakoreshejwe. ITU T yasohoye uburyo bwa G.657 kugira ngo ikemure iki kibazo, isobanura ubwoko bubiri bw’imiyoboro idafite ubushobozi bwo kumanuka: G.657.A1 na G.657.A2.
Injeniyeri benshi mu miyoboro y'itumanaho, ba rwiyemezamirimo b'imishinga n'abakozi bashinzwe amasoko bahura n'ibibazo bitandukanye: Ni ikihe cyuho nyacyo kiri hagati ya G.657.A1 na G.657.A2? Kubera ko basa neza, ni gute wakwirinda gushukwa n'ibicuruzwa byanditseho amazina atari yo? Ni iyihe ihitamo A1 n'iyigomba gukoresha A2? Imishinga myinshi ihura n'ibibazo byihishe: gukoresha A1 ahantu hato cyane, bigatera kwangirika, kongera gusana nyuma yo kugurisha no kwiyongera kw'ikiguzi cy'umushinga mu gihe kirekire, nubwo ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho cya mbere cyagabanutse.
Iyi nkuru igereranya G.657.A1 na G.657.A2 ukurikije ibipimo bisanzwe bya ITU‑T, igihombo cyo guhindagurika, ubwuzuzanye, uburyo bwo gukoresha, isesengura ry'inyungu ku kiguzi, ingorane zisanzwe z'ubuhanga n'uburyo bwo kugenzura amasoko, bigufasha guhitamo neza fibre kuri FTTH, insinga zo mu nzu, MDU na micro-duct.
1. Ibisobanuro by'ibanze n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ITU-T
G.657.A1 na G.657.A2 byombi biri muri fibre ya Category A bend-insensitive single-mode, ijyanye neza na fibre ya G.652.D ya kera, bivuze ko ihuza diameter ya mode-field, ishobora guhuzwa cyangwa guhuzwa na network ya G.652.D isanzweho nta gutakaza cyane kwa splicing. Ni fibre ya single-mode ifite amazi make, ishyigikira transmission ya O/S/C/L multi-band, ihuza na PON, 10G PON, XGS PON ndetse n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yihuta cyane izaza.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi cyane riri muri uburebure bw'umurambararo wemewe n'ikimenyetso cy'igihombo cya macrobending munsi y'uburebure buto bw'umurambararo, byasobanuwe na ITU - T G.657‑2024 standardITU.
| Igipimo | G.657.A1 | G.657.A2 |
|---|---|---|
| Umwanya ntarengwa wo kugonda wagenwe | mm 10 | mm 7.5 |
| Igihombo cya Macrobending kuri 15 mm radius, 10 turns, 1550 nm | ≤0.25 dB | ≤0.03 dB |
| Igihombo cya Macrobending kuri 10 mm radius, 1 turn, 1550 nm | ≤0.75 dB | ≤0.10 dB |
| Igihombo cya Macrobending kuri radius ya mm 7.5, uruziga 1, 1550 nm | Ntabwo byagaragajwe | ≤0.50 dB |
| Umurambararo w'ikibuga cya mode@1310 nm | 8.6±0.4 μm | 8.6±0.4 μm |
| Guhuza | Yujuje ibisabwa byose kuri G.652.D | Yujuje ibisabwa byose kuri G.652.D |
| Ikiguzi gisanzwe cyo kugereranya | Umurongo w'ibanze | +8~15% hejuru ya A1 |
Icyitonderwa: Nta tandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’ubudodo bwa G.657.A1 na G.657.A2. Ntushobora kubitandukanya ukoresheje ibara cyangwa uko bigaragara. Ikizamini cya laboratwari cyo gutakaza ibintu bifatika ni cyo cyonyine gishobora kwemeza icyitegererezo nyakuri. Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi babi bita G.657.A1 G.657.A2 kugira ngo babone inyungu y'inyongera, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka zikomeye zihishe mu kazi ko gutanga amasoko.
2. Kugereranya imikorere mu buryo bwimbitse
2.1 Ubudahangarwa bwo kunama no gutakaza uburyo bwo kunama
Igihombo cya Macrobending ni cyo gipimo cy’ingenzi gitandukanya iyi migozi ibiri. Iyo fibre igonze, igice cy’urumuri gihita gipfunyika, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka. Ubushobozi bwo kugonze burushaho kugaragara.
G.657.A1 yakozwe neza kugira ngo igere ku rugero rwa mm 10. Mu gihe cy’imiterere isanzwe ya radius, imikorere yayo iba ihamye. Ariko iyo ishyizwe mu murongo wa mm 7.5, igihombo cya macrobending kiriyongera cyane, ibyo bikazatuma ingengo y’imari ya PON link irenga intera yayo, bikazana ONU idahindagurika kuri interineti, igihombo cya paki gitunguranye, ikirego cy’umuvuduko muto giturutse ku bakoresha, cyane cyane ko bigaragara munsi ya 1550 nm na 1625 nm ikimenyetso cy’uburebure.
G.657.A2 ikoresha imiterere ihanitse ya doping y’imbere, igabanya cyane amazi y’urumuri munsi y’ubugari buto bwo kugonda. Ku bugari bwa mm 15 bwo kugonda, igihombo cya macrobending cya 10-turn ni ≤0.03 dB gusa, kiri munsi cyane ya A1. Ishyigikira neza ubugari bwa mm 7.5 bwo kugonda. Nubwo uwashyizeho akoze uruziga rurerure rwa dogere 90, agafunga igice gito cyangwa agasanduku k’amatara gafite ingano nto, kugabanya ikimenyetso biguma ku rwego rwo hasi, bigatuma abakozi bo mu murima babasha kwihanganira imirimo yo mu murima. Nubwo gukoresha nabi intoki bitazahita bitera igihombo gikomeye cy’amatara.
2.2 Guhuza umuyoboro n'imikorere yo guhuza
A1 na A2 byombi bihuye n'umurambararo w'ikibuga cya G.652.D. Abatekinisiye bo mu kibuga bashobora guhuza G.657.A1/A2 n'umugozi wa kera wa G.652.D mu muyoboro w'imashini wo hanze. Nta guhindura gahunda yihariye yo guhuza imashini bisaba. Splicer isanzwe ya calibrated fusion ishobora kubona igihombo cyujuje ibisabwa.
Inama y'ingirakamaro mu bwubatsi: Nubwo guhuza neza ari byiza, isura y'imyenda yanduye, ubwiza buke bwo gukata buzakomeza gutera igihombo kinini cyo gufunga. Ku bijyanye no gufunga ubwoko bw'imyenda ivanze, ibikoresho byo gukata neza cyane n'ibikoresho byo gufunga bisanzwe birasabwa cyane kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw'imirongo.
2.3 Kwizerwa kwa mekanike
Imigozi yombi yombi yujuje igipimo cya 0.69 GPa cy’ubudahangarwa bw’imigozi cya ITU T. Ku bijyanye no kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwo gupfuka, nta cyuho kigaragara. Itandukaniro rigaragara mu mikorere yo kudahangarwa n’imigozi mu bihe byo gupfuka bikabije. G.657.A2 ishobora kwihanganira gupfuka buhoro buhoro nta ngaruka mbi zihishe, ikwiriye ibihe aho imigozi ishobora guhindurwa kenshi no guhindurwa bundi bushya nyuma yo gushyirwaho.
2.4 Imiterere y'ikiguzi n'uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa
G.657.A1 ifite inzira yoroshye yo gukora, ihagije ku isi yose, igiciro gihamye, ikwiriye kugura imishinga myinshi.
G.657.A2 isaba kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo kiri hejuru. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'isoko, ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba bike, igihe cyo gutanga ibiciro kiba gito, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro riba rinini. Abayobozi benshi b'imishinga bakunze guhitamo A2 mu buryo bwose, ibyo bigatera ikiguzi kidakenewe ku mishinga idasaba ko igabanuka ry'ibiciro rigabanuka.
3. Isesengura ry'Ikoreshwa: Igihe cyo guhitamo G.657.A1, igihe cyo guhitamo G.657.A2
Hitamo G.657.A1 kuri izi ngingo
- Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo insinga za FTTH: kuva ku kabati ko gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu muhanda kugeza ku nkuta zo hanze z’inyubako, inzira yo kunyuramo iba ifunguye, nta mfuruka zikunze gutyaye cyane.
- Insinga nshya za MDU: umwanya uhagije w'imiyoboro, uburyo bw'inyubako bugenzura neza uburebure bw'umurambararo w'amazi ≥10 mm.
- Imishinga minini y’ubwubatsi bw’ibikorwa remezo ifite ingengo y’imari nto, inzira nyinshi ziba zigororotse, ariko igice gito cy’inzira ni gito cyane.
- Umushinga wo gusana imiyoboro ivanze, guhuza ibintu byinshi n'imigozi isanzwe ya G.652.D hanze y'uruganda, hagamijwe uburinganire bw'ibiciro.
G.657.A1 itanga ubushobozi bwo kudafata imigozi ku giciro gito cy'ibikoresho. Igihe cyose itsinda ry'abubatsi rikurikije neza amabwiriza ya mm 10 nibura yo gupfunyika, umutekano wo gukora umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ushobora kwemezwa byuzuye.
Ugomba guhitamo G.657.A2 kuri ibi bihe
- Insinga zo mu nzu zivugururwa mu nyubako ishaje: umuyoboro muto uhishe, inkingi y'urukuta ifite dogere 90, umwanya muto w'insinga.
- MDU ifite ubucucike bwinshi, agasanduku gato ko gukwirakwiza optique, uruziga rw'imbere rw'imashini rufunga, insinga z'akabati zifite umwanya muto.
- Gushyira imiyoboro mito, imashini yo mu nzu isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro, imashini yo mu nzu ishyinguyemo imiyoboro.
- Umushinga wo kuvugurura imiterere y'inyubako udashobora kugenzurwa: uwashyizeho icyuma ashobora gutuma icyuma gifatana gito cyane mu gihe cyo kubaka. Koresha A2 kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amakosa y'urusobe rw'ibikoresho byose.
- Urusobe rw'abakiriya rusabwa cyane: kubaka ibigo, umuryango ugezweho, kwirinda gusana nyuma yo kugurisha guterwa no guhomba kw'igihombo.
Icyibutso cy'ingenzi: Niba ukoresheje G.657.A1 mu bihe bisaba ubushobozi bwo guhindagura 7.5 mm, ushobora gutsinda ikizamini cyo kwakira uruganda, ariko ikibazo cyihishe kizavuka nyuma y'amezi menshi y'imikorere: ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe, kwimuka gato kwa fibre bizatuma habaho kwiyongera gukabije kw'igihombo cya macrobending, bigatera kwangirika kwa serivisi. Iri kosa riragoye kuboneka mu mirimo ya buri munsi yo kubungabunga, bigatuma abakora bahembwa amafaranga menshi ya OPEX.
4. Ibintu bibabaza inganda rusange n'amakosa asanzwe
Ingingo ya 1 y'ububabare: Ishusho y'impimbano yo kumenya ibintu
Abaguzi benshi bibeshya ko bashobora gutandukanya A1/A2 binyuze mu miterere ya fibre. Mu by’ukuri, imiterere ya fibre yambaye ubusa, isura y’ikoti ry’insinga nta tandukaniro bifite. Insinga zitanditseho amakosa ziragoye kuzisuzuma mu gihe cyo kwakira ibicuruzwa, ibibazo bivuka gusa nyuma yo kuzura kw’inyubako, bigatuma habaho ikiguzi kinini cyo kuvugurura umushinga.
Aho ububabare bwa 2: Guhitamo gupima cyane cyangwa gupima munsi y'ishusho
Ingeso ebyiri mbi zikunze kugaragara:
- Byose muri A2: Nubwo ibidukikije byashyizwe mu bikorwa, byose bigura G.657.A2, bigatuma ikiguzi cy'umushinga kiyongera bitari ngombwa.
- Byose muri A1: Kora ibishoboka byose udafite icyo utekereza, koresha A1 mu gihe cyo kuvugurura inzu ishaje, aho imiyoboro minini igoramye. Igipimo cyo kwemerwa ntigisobanutse, cyangwa se nyuma y’igihe runaka hakabaho kudahuzagurika kw’imirimo.
Inyurabwenge ikwiye: Gutandukanya ukurikije uko inzira ihagaze. Gabanya agace k'umushinga: koresha A1 ku gice cy'inzira ifunguye, koresha A2 ku gice cy'insinga zo mu nzu, menya uburinganire bw'ikiguzi n'imikorere.
Aho ububabare bwa 3: Urukurikirane rwa Confuse G.657.A n'urukurikirane rwa G.657.B
G.657.A1/A2 igumana G.652.D yuzuye ihuza inyuma, ikwiranye n'umuyoboro wa FTTH. Insinga za G.657.B2/B3 zikora neza cyane, zigorana cyane imbere, zitandukanya igice cya G.652.D, ntizikwiriye ahantu ho gushyiramo intera ndende hanze y'ibimera. Injeniyeri nyinshi zivanga urukurikirane rwa A na B, bigatuma habaho imikoranire mu mushinga wo kubaka umuyoboro wa ITU.
Ingingo ya 4 y'ububabare: Irengagize raporo y'ibizamini mu itangwa ry'amasoko
Gutumiza ibicuruzwa bigaragaza ubwoko bwa fibre gusa, ariko ntibisaba ko umucuruzi atanga raporo y'ikizamini cy'igihombo cya macrobending. Iyo habayeho gusimbuza impimbano, uhagarariye umushinga aba afite igihombo cyose.
5. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga amasoko no kuyashyira mu bikorwa
- Ingingo ya tekiniki isobanutse neza mu nyandiko yo kugura: Gutandukanya ubwoko bwa fibre hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze, ntabwo ari ukugaragaza kimwe mu buryo bumwe umushinga wose umeze.
- Gusaba umutanga serivisi gutanga raporo y'ikizamini cy'igihombo cya macrobending gihuye, yibanda ku gipimo cy'igihombo cya 1550 nm kiri munsi ya mm 15 na mm 10, ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya A1/A2 y'ukuri n'iy'ikinyoma.
- Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'inyubako: Nubwo wakoresha G.657.A2, ntugasenye uruhande rugonganye mu buryo butunguranye. Kurwanya guto ni ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amakosa, ntabwo bitera imyitwarire mibi mu kubaka. Imiterere isanzwe iracyakurikizwa.
- Kubara ingengo y'imari y'amahuza: Mu gihe ushushanya umuyoboro wa PON, shyira ku ruhande runaka ku gihombo cya macrobending, cyane cyane ku gice cy'insinga zo mu nzu.
- Ikizamini cyo kwemerwa: Ntabwo ari ugupima igihombo rusange gusa, ahubwo nanone kwita ku gaciro k'uburebure bw'umuraba (1550 nm, 1625 nm). Uburebure bw'umuraba buremereye cyane ku gihombo cy'umuraba, bushobora kugaragaza neza inenge ihishe ihindagurika.
6. Incamake
G.657.A1 na G.657.A2 byombi ni fibre imwe ikuze idakoresha uburyo bwa FTTx. G.657.A1 igamije imiyoboro rusange ya FTTH imanuka n'ahantu haciriritse ho guhindagurika, hamwe n'inyungu zigaragara ku giciro; G.657.A2 igamije ahantu hato, kuvugurura inyubako zishaje, no gukwirakwiza insinga nyinshi imbere, bitanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya macrobending no kwihanganira amakosa mu bwubatsi, ku giciro cyo hejuru.
Nta kintu cyiza cyane kiri hagati ya G.657.A1 na G.657.A2. Ishingiro ry'ihitamo ni uguhuza imikorere ya fibre n'imiterere nyayo. Gukurikirana mu buryo butagaragara ibijyanye n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi cyangwa gukoresha igiciro gito bizazana ingaruka mbi ku mushinga. Injeniyeri n'abashinzwe amasoko bagomba guhuza imiterere y'imiyoboro, kuvugurura cyangwa kubaka imishya, ubushobozi bw'itsinda mu kubaka, ingengo y'imari y'umushinga kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo bifatika. Hagati aho, komeza kugenzura ibikoresho bije, wirinde ingaruka mbi ku musaruro, wirinde igihombo kinini nyuma yo kurangiza gushyira insinga.
Ku bakoresha, abahuza sisitemu n'abagura insinga, kumenya itandukaniro riri hagati ya G.657.A1 na G.657.A2 bifasha kunoza uburyo umuyoboro uhagaze, kugenzura ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose, no kugabanya akazi k'umushinga wa FTTH nyuma yo kugurisha.
